苏州哪里有便宜的快餐 – 夜上海龙凤419论坛-上海后花园论坛-上海花千坊爱上海-上海各区新茶工作室

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology clearly supports the new energy vehicle replacement mode, and the industry development has ushered in a new round of opportunities.

　　ZhongHongWang stock December 26th.　As a national strategic emerging industry, new energy vehicles are of great significance for promoting green development and achieving the goal of "double carbon". However, cruising range anxiety has always been an important factor restricting the development of new energy vehicles. The traditional charging mode not only takes a long time to charge, but also has many limitations in the construction of charging stations. At this time, the power exchange mode of "separation of vehicle and electricity" came into being, which has the characteristics of energy storage, energy supplement and sharing economy, and provides a new idea for solving this problem.

　　Industry research shows that the power exchange mode has many advantages. Specifically, it can not only complete the battery replacement more quickly, greatly shorten the charging time, improve the use efficiency, but also help to realize the recycling of batteries and reduce the use cost of users.

　　More importantly, the power exchange mode has the characteristics of energy storage, energy replenishment and sharing economy, so it is of great significance to promote the power exchange mode for the development of new energy automobile industry.

　　The policy leads the industry to develop logically and steadily, and the changing track welcomes new growth opportunities.

　　On December 21st, the National Conference on Industry and Informatization was held in Beijing. The meeting summarized the work in 2023 and deployed the tasks in 2024. The meeting stressed that in 2024, we should focus on high-quality development, highlight key points, grasp the key points, and do a good job in 12 key tasks. Boost large-scale consumption of new energy vehicles and electronic products. Key tasks include consolidating and upgrading the leading position of advantageous industries. That is, to speed up the chain extension of strong chains and enhance the competitiveness of the whole industry.

　　It is worth noting that, in the field of new energy vehicles, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology emphasized that in 2024, it is necessary to support the development of new energy vehicles’ power exchange mode and do a good job in piloting the comprehensive electrification of vehicles in the public sector.

　　This time, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology focused on clearly supporting the power exchange mode. In fact, there is no trace to be found. Since 2020, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments have successively issued policies to clearly support the development of the power exchange industry.

　　In May, 2020, power exchange was written into the government work report for the first time. In October of the same year, China issued the "New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)", which proposed to encourage the application of power exchange mode. In October, 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology started the pilot application of new energy vehicles in 11 cities across the country. In November of the same year, "Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Switching" was officially implemented, which became the first basic universal national industry standard for China’s switching industry.

　　At the beginning of this year, eight departments, including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, jointly issued the Notice on Organizing the Pilot Work of Fully Electrified Vehicles in the Public Sector, demanding to improve the charging and replacing infrastructure construction and "build a moderately advanced, balanced, intelligent and efficient charging and replacing infrastructure system". This adjustment announcement further clarifies the technical standards and other relevant regulations that need to be met by the battery-changing models that enjoy the exemption of power batteries.

　　On December 21st, the Japanese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology made it clear that it would support the new energy vehicle power exchange mode in 2024, which undoubtedly further stabilized the development logic of the whole power exchange industry.

　　Under the background of frequent favorable policies, the changing track presents a clear policy leading line. In this regard, many institutions look at the power exchange industry strategically, and generally believe that the power exchange industry has a broad development space. According to orient securities’s forecast, by 2025, the proportion of domestic electric vehicles is expected to reach 30%. According to the research report of CITIC Securities, thanks to the active promotion of enterprises in all links of the industrial chain and the future prospect of replacing electric taxis and heavy trucks, it is expected that the power replacement industry will usher in a blowout development in the future. According to open source securities, the market size of China’s power exchange industry chain is expected to reach 133.4 billion yuan in 2025. Obviously, the blueprint of the 100 billion-level track in the power exchange industry is slowly unfolding, and the future market space is quite imaginative!

　　Car companies have accelerated the layout of the power exchange field, driving the market space expansion of the power exchange industry.

　　Driven by the policy and the market demand, the electric circuit has increasingly become a hot field of industrial investment, attracting many car companies to invest in the electric circuit business. According to the statistics of relevant media, in the past two years, car companies have become one of the main forces in the power exchange market, and many car companies including SAIC, GAC, Geely, Weilai and Chang ‘an have entered the market, injecting more vitality and competitiveness into the power exchange market.

　　It is worth noting that Weilai is an enterprise that takes the mode of power exchange as its main direction among vehicle brands, and it is also the main vehicle enterprise that promotes the mode of power exchange in China at present. From the landing of the first Weilai Power Station in 2018 to the appearance of the Weilai Third Generation Station in 2023, Weilai has iterated three generations of power stations in five years. In such rapid technological upgrading, the construction cost of Weilai Power Station continues to decline and the service efficiency continues to rise.

　　In November this year, Weilai Automobile officially announced the opening of power exchange business, and successively signed cooperation agreements with Chang ‘an and Geely for power exchange business. At the same time, it continued to discuss the cooperation of power exchange network with many enterprises, and the "Power Exchange Alliance" built by Weilai will also usher in a period of rapid expansion.

　　Haobo, a high-end electric vehicle brand owned by GAC Ai ‘an, launched the first model Haobo GT supporting power exchange in July this year. In order to meet users’ demand for power exchange, Haobo is also working hard to build a power exchange network. It plans to build 60 power exchange stations in Greater Bay Area in 2023, and it is expected to achieve the goal of 500 power exchange stations nationwide in 2025.

　　At the same time, giants such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, China Southern Power Grid, State Grid, Sinopec and PetroChina have also laid out the power exchange market and invested in a large number of power exchange stations and battery banks. These energy and power giants not only provide a solid guarantee for the sustainable development of the power exchange market, but also promote the prosperity and development of the new energy automobile industry through win-win cooperation.

　　With many industrial car companies actively participating in the power exchange track, it will undoubtedly further broaden the development space of the power exchange industry, and then drive the power exchange industry generate to develop more vitality!

　　The development prospect of the track is clear, and the power exchange equipment manufacturers are expected to show new growth vitality.

　　From the point of view of the industrial chain of power exchange track, it can be divided into battery suppliers and equipment manufacturers in the upstream power exchange station, power exchange station construction operators and power grid enterprises in the middle reaches, and new energy vehicle users and power battery recycling enterprises in the downstream.

　　Specifically, there are three main types of enterprises that currently deploy power exchange modes. The first type is power battery manufacturers and power exchange equipment manufacturers, such as Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited, BYD and Hanchuan Intelligent. The second category is the third-party power exchange operators such as China Petrochemical, GCL-ENCO, and Aodong New Energy. The third category is automobile companies such as BAIC, Weilai, Geely and Guangzhou Automobile.

　　Source: Guotai Junan Institute

　　It is worth noting that as an independent equipment manufacturer in the upstream of the power exchange industry chain, it occupies a very critical position in the whole value chain. According to the industry research, according to the order of the use process of the power exchange station, independent power exchange equipment manufacturers can be divided into quick exchange system and charging system: the main players of the charging system include Titan Power, Tonghe Technology, etc., which mainly provide charging services for the replaced batteries in the power exchange station; The main players of the quick change system include Hanchuan Intelligent, Bozhong Seiko, Shandong Weida, HKUST Intelligent, etc., and mainly provide equipment products including power change stations and core components.

　　According to the relevant calculation of CITIC Securities, based on the number of new energy vehicles, thanks to the active promotion of enterprises in all links of the industrial chain and the future prospect of replacing electric taxis and heavy trucks, the penetration rate of changing electric vehicles will increase year by year from 2023 to 2026, among which the penetration rate of passenger cars in 2023/24/25/26 is 4%/6%/8%/10%, and that of commercial vehicles is 15%/26.

　　Based on the above calculations, CITIC Securities believes that the power exchange industry will usher in a blowout development in the future. It is estimated that the number of power exchange stations will reach 27,489 in 2026, corresponding to a CAGR of 93% from 2022 to 2026; In 2026, the market size of power exchange equipment is expected to reach 30.5 billion yuan.

　　It is not difficult to see that at the moment when the prospect of the whole power exchange track is clear and the development logic is stable, as an important pole of the power exchange industry chain, the power exchange equipment manufacturers, as the priority beneficiary end of the industry, are expected to show new growth vitality first, and the future development is worth looking forward to!

The average monthly income of migrant workers last year was 3072 yuan, and the starting salary exceeded that of college students.

　　On April 28th, China Construction Third Bureau and Third Company organized a commendation activity for outstanding migrant workers as "builders and descendants of Luban" in Wuhan. People’s Daily reporter Cheng Yuanzhou photo

　　"The starting salary of migrant workers exceeds that of college students", "The wages of migrant workers are rising too fast, and enterprises are under great pressure" … … This statement has appeared frequently in the past two years. What is the salary status of migrant workers? How fast is it rising? Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Labor and Wage Research Institute has provided an exclusive report on migrant workers’ salary for this newspaper.

　　Compared with urban workers, it is still low.

　　How fast did the wages of migrant workers increase during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period? The project report shows that in 2015, the last year of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the average monthly income of migrant workers was 3,072 yuan, while in 2010, the last year of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, the average monthly income of migrant workers was 1,690 yuan, with an average annual increase of 12.7%.

　　Among them, the average monthly income of migrant workers in 2011 was 2,049 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 21.2%. Such a high growth rate attracted special attention. In the following years, the wage increase of migrant workers tended to be stable. In 2012, the average monthly income of migrant workers was 2,290 yuan, up 11.8% year-on-year; In 2013, the average monthly income of migrant workers was 2,609 yuan, an increase of 13.9%; In 2014, the average monthly income of migrant workers was 2,864 yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.8%; In 2015, it increased by 7.2% year on year.

　　Generally speaking, in the past few years, the wages of migrant workers have achieved rapid growth. However, the report also pointed out that due to the low base, the salary level of migrant workers is still low compared with that of urban workers, which basically remains at around 60%. Looking at the absolute amount, the gap between the wages of migrant workers and the average wages of urban workers has not narrowed. In 2011, the annual wage gap between them was 17,864 yuan, and in 2014 it reached 21,971 yuan.

　　Regionally, in the early period of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the income growth rate of migrant workers in the central and western regions was higher than that in the eastern region, and the income gap between the eastern and central and western regions gradually narrowed. From the employment location of migrant workers, the income level and increase of migrant workers in big cities are significantly higher than those in medium and small cities. This can also explain why migrant workers flock to big cities.

　　To some extent, the rapid rise is "compensatory growth"

　　The average annual growth rate of migrant workers’ income is 12.7%, far exceeding the GDP growth during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. How to improve the salary of migrant workers quickly? According to the analysis of the report, there are three main factors.

　　First, China’s sustained economic development is the main factor of migrant workers’ salary growth. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, although China’s economy has been affected by the international environment and its speed has slowed down, it is still the fastest growing country among the major economies in the world. In the same period, employment remained stable. For five consecutive years, the number of new jobs in cities and towns remained above 12 million, and the registered unemployment rate in cities and towns remained at 4.1%. This provides support for the continuous increase in the wages of migrant workers.

　　Second, the improvement of the minimum wage standard creates favorable conditions for the salary growth of migrant workers. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the average annual increase of the minimum wage reached 13.1%. By 2015, the highest standard in Shenzhen has reached 2030 yuan, and the highest level of minimum wage in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities has exceeded 1100 yuan. Most migrant workers are at the low end of the labor market, and their salary level is greatly affected by the minimum wage. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the adjustment of the minimum wage has a wide range and a fast frequency, which has played an important role in the salary growth of migrant workers.

　　Third, the education level and training of migrant workers themselves have been continuously improved, which has promoted the improvement of migrant workers’ salary level to some extent. In recent years, China has implemented a series of vocational skills upgrading plans for migrant workers. By the end of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the proportion of migrant workers who have received training has continued to increase, accounting for more than 35%.

　　In addition, the rapid increase in the salary level of migrant workers since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is also a reasonable return to the abnormal phenomenon of long-term low salary of migrant workers. The wages of migrant workers have been hovering at a low level before 2008. In the Pearl River Delta and other places, the average monthly wages of migrant workers have only increased in 68 yuan in the past 10 years. According to the report, the rapid increase in the wages of migrant workers in the past few years is a "compensatory increase" to some extent, and it is also an objective reflection of the reality that the relationship between supply and demand in China’s labor market is undergoing profound changes and the cost of living in cities is rising rapidly.

　　Labor supply and demand determine that wages still have room to rise.

　　At present, there are still many unsatisfactory places in the salary of migrant workers.

　　The phenomenon of wage arrears for migrant workers has not been fundamentally solved. The construction industry is still a frequent place where wages of migrant workers are owed. What needs to be paid attention to is that the amount of wage arrears has increased a lot in recent years. In addition, migrant workers work long hours and work overtime seriously. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the average annual employment time of migrant workers is about 10 months, the average monthly employment time is more than 25 days, and the average daily employment time is about 8.8 hours. The number of migrant workers who work more than 44 hours per week stipulated in the Labor Law has been as high as 85%, and many migrant workers are forced to work overtime "voluntarily".

　　Some people believe that with the slowdown of economic growth, the time when the wages of workers, including migrant workers, are growing at a high speed is gone forever. What will happen to the wage growth of migrant workers in the future? According to the report of the Institute of Wages of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the wages of migrant workers in China still have a large room for improvement.

　　On the one hand, China’s economy will continue to grow at a certain speed, and the labor market will continue to release a considerable number of jobs. However, after years of large-scale and continuous transfer, China’s agricultural labor force has shown a trend of increasing the total amount and decreasing the growth rate. The rural labor force has changed from unlimited supply to limited supply, and it has moved towards equal supply and demand. This change in supply and demand will directly affect the wage income of migrant workers. On the other hand, China’s labor wage cost is still significantly lower than that of developed countries and some developing countries. Although it is higher than that of some neighboring countries in recent years, the labor productivity has increased rapidly in the same period and still has considerable advantages. Considering that the average monthly wage of migrant workers is only about 60% of the average monthly wage of urban workers, the project report predicts that the wage level of migrant workers will continue to increase in a certain proportion in the next few years, which is expected to reach about 10%. (Reporter Bai Tianliang)

China Internet Reporting Center took stock of the top ten online rumors in March.

　　"The suspect in the murder case of humiliating his mother in Shandong was acquitted in court", "The central government decided to plan four global cities and eleven central cities" and "China smashed Korean cars to vent their anger" …

　　In March, all kinds of news and rumors took the opportunity to fish in troubled waters and confuse people because of the hot events such as the "mother-humiliating murder case in Shandong", rising house prices in many cities across the country and the deployment of Sadr weapons in South Korea. China Internet Illegal and Bad Information Reporting Center will sort out the ten most negative rumors in March for you to set the record straight.

　　Proverbs 1: Stay away from vaccines for the sake of children’s health.

　　At the beginning of March, a WeChat WeChat official account named "Pay Attention to Vaccine Safety" caused widespread concern. The public number scorned that "vaccines are toxic, and all vaccines, including rabies vaccine, can’t be vaccinated. All vaccines are made up by experts to deceive people, in order to make money", and called on parents to "stay away from vaccines for the health of their children".

????Truth:State Food and Drug Administration explained: Vaccine is a active immunity preparation made of pathogenic microorganisms and their metabolites by artificial attenuation, inactivation or genetic engineering to prevent infectious diseases. When the body comes into contact with this harmless pathogen, the immune system will produce certain protective substances; When the body comes into contact with this pathogen again, the immune system of the body will follow its original memory and make more protective substances to prevent the damage of the pathogen. Vaccine makes people turn passive into active when facing the threat of infectious diseases for the first time, which plays an irreplaceable role in reducing mortality and improving life expectancy per capita, and has a great impact on protecting human health. At present, illegal WeChat public accounts related to rumors and spreading rumors have been dealt with by law enforcement agencies according to law.

????Proverbs 2: The suspect in "Shandong’s mother-humiliating murder case" was acquitted in court.

　　On March 29th, Yu Huan, a suspect in the "murder case of humiliating mother in Shandong", which caused a sensation in the whole country, was found guilty of self-defense on March 29th, and was acquitted in court. The rumor was accompanied by a screenshot of CCTV news channel.

????Truth:Weibo, the official of Jiangsu Internet Police, denied that the Shandong Provincial High Court accepted the second trial of Yu Huan’s intentional injury case on March 24, and on March 28, informed the defenders and litigation agents of both parties to consult the case file. At present, the results of the second trial have not been announced, and the news of "acquittal" on the Internet is not true.

　　Proverb 3: Holding the one-child card can get a reward of 6,000 yuan.

　　In mid-March, the news that "you can get 6000 yuan with the Glory Certificate of Only Child Parents" spread widely all over the country. According to the article, if the parents of the only child retire according to the provisions of the basic old-age insurance for enterprise employees, each person can receive a one-time retirement subsidy of 2,000 yuan, and the parents add up to 6,000 yuan.

????Truth:Many local health planning committees have refuted this information, saying that the document is false and reminding the general public that the information about family planning policies should be based on the news released by the official channels of local health planning committees or the reports of local authoritative media.

????Myth 4: The latest traffic law will be implemented on April 1, 2017.

　　In mid-March, the WeChat circle of friends spread a message that "the new traffic law was implemented on April 1", and the message was called "urgent notice! The latest notice on April 1 ST, the latest notice on the expressway on April 1 ST, if you don’t look at it, you will lose a lot! "

????Truth:After verification by the traffic police department, the "new traffic regulations on April 1" is completely rumor information. Please do not believe in rumors, rumors or rumors.

　　Proverbs 5: A liquefied gas station in Suqian exploded, causing many deaths and injuries.

　　On the evening of March 26, a liquefied gas station in Suqian exploded, and the scene was full of fire, causing many deaths.

????Truth:On the morning of March 27th, Yanghe police issued a notice saying that at 22 o’clock on March 26th, a fire broke out in a warehouse of Yanghe Printing Factory. The scene was accompanied by flashover, not an explosion of liquefied gas station, and the cause of the fire was under investigation.

　　Myth 6: Magnetic stripe bank cards will be deactivated.

　　On March 22nd, a message "This kind of bank card can’t be used in more than one month" flashed on social media. The message said that from May 1st this year, the bank will completely close the magnetic stripe transaction of the chip magnetic stripe composite card. It is suggested to replace the magnetic stripe card with a chip card as soon as possible. Many netizens have paid attention to it. Will the magnetic stripe card be stopped?

????Truth:On May 1st, the magnetic stripe function of "magnetic stripe+chip card" was stopped, and the chip function can still be used normally. At the same time, this does not affect the normal use of the "single magnetic stripe" card. The so-called "it can no longer be used" is purely misinformation. Because the chip is more difficult to copy than the magnetic stripe, it can reduce the risk of "the card is not stolen". It is suggested that netizens go to the card issuing bank to change the card. If they want to use the previous bank card number, they can ask for "changing the card without changing the number".

　　Rumor 7: The central government has made great benefits to the Regulations on Pension and Preferential Treatment for Veterans.

　　At the beginning of March, a circle of friends madly circulated an article entitled "Regulations on Pension and Preferential Treatment for Veterans from the Central Government". Are there any veterans in your family? The post is accompanied by a screenshot of CCTV’s News Network, with the words "the State Council-Central Military Commission approves the reform and improvement of the retirement pension insurance system for military personnel".

　　Truth:Weibo, the official of Hubei Internet Police, denied that this is a fake news from unknown sources, and the state has never issued the Regulations on Pension and Preferential Treatment for Veterans. At present, China is implementing the Regulations on Pension and Preferential Treatment for Soldiers promulgated by the State Council and the Central Military Commission, which came into effect on August 1, 2011. Relevant policies on pensions and preferential treatment for servicemen are subject to the Regulations on Pensions and Preferential Treatment for Servicemen.

????Proverbs 8: The central government has determined the planning of 4 global cities and 11 central cities.

　　On March 22nd, Phoenix.com published a report entitled "It’s finally settled: 4 global cities and 11 central cities are determined by the central government", saying that the battle for national central cities has finally come to an end, and Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen are positioned as "global cities"; Eleven cities, including Tianjin, Qingdao and Hangzhou, won the title of "Central City", which represents the country’s affirmation and future planning for the development of these cities.

????Truth:A spokesman for the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development said that the report was groundless and purely untrue. At present, China Urban Planning and Design Institute is studying and compiling the National Urban System Plan, which has not been reported to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and there is no reference to "4 global cities and 11 central cities" in the planning scheme.

????Proverb 9: China smashed Korean cars for "venting anger"

　　On March 2nd, a Weibo account broke the news that a Korean car was smashed near a Lotte Department Store in Qidong, Jiangsu, when someone pulled a banner to boycott the supermarket. There are several pictures of "smashed cars" attached to the Weibo. Among them, two Korean cars, one black and one red, were damaged and graffiti, and the pictures were "true", coupled with the forwarding of individual network V, which made a large number of netizens believe it.

????Truth:As the incident fermented, the local police quickly intervened in the investigation. On the evening of March 2, Nantong Qidong Public Security Bureau issued a notice saying that after investigation, the two rumored "smashing cars" incidents have not been found to be related to boycotting Lotte. Please don’t believe the rumors. The police will resolutely investigate and deal with all kinds of illegal crimes according to law. Later, the blogger who "broke the news" quickly felt guilty. According to the blogger’s statement, "smashing the car" was not seen with his own eyes and was not strictly verified. In other words, there is not enough evidence to prove that these two car smashing incidents are related to the people’s boycott of Lotte.

????Proverbs 10: "Don’t want spinach in vegetable fields", 13 acres of spinach of Henan old farmers have been hollowed out.

　　On March 23, a video of "grabbing vegetables" went crazy in the WeChat circle of friends of Jiyuan citizens in Henan Province. In the 10-second video, a large piece of green spinach field flashed by, and a female voice said in a strong Jiyuan dialect: "The spinach in the spinach field at the east end of Jiuwu Village is gone. Who wants to hurry up tomorrow morning?" On the same day, a large number of people came to dig spinach in the vegetable field, and 13 acres of spinach were robbed.

????Truth:This 13-mu vegetable field was contracted by Mr. Sun, a vegetable farmer in Jiuwu Village, Kejing Town, Jiyuan City, Henan Province. Mr. Sun later clarified that he didn’t want these spinach, and he didn’t know who sent the video of "grabbing vegetables". When a large number of people came to grab the spinach, Mr. Sun’s family tried their best to stop it and explain it, but it didn’t work at all. 13 acres of spinach were robbed. These people were all bewitched by the video of "grabbing vegetables". Without carefully distinguishing the authenticity and verifying it, they rushed to grab vegetables, causing Mr. Sun to suffer economic losses. The police in Jiyuan City said that they are currently investigating the case.

　　Netizens are welcome to actively report harmful information on the Internet.

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After the epidemic, how to change the disease control reform？

After every major epidemic, there will always be a lot of reflection, which is the reason for the continuous progress of mankind, also known as learning from a pit. After SARS in 2003, China’s disease prevention and control system was given an opportunity to upgrade: a nationwide unified network direct reporting system for infectious diseases was established, and a case of "unexplained" pneumonia was specially designed in order to avoid the failure of reporting some diseases that have not been clearly defined for the time being; Established the Emergency Regulations for Public Health Emergencies, which stipulated a four-level emergency response mechanism; In many places, the health and epidemic prevention stations were renamed as centers for disease prevention and control, which clarified the establishment standards and improved the administrative level of the units … However, at the end of last year, the sudden COVID-19 epidemic gave us a real test of the achievements of the disease control system construction in the past 17 years, and the results were not satisfactory, exposing many problems. 　　

What are the main problems? 　　

(1) The direct reporting system of epidemic situation, which has been built with huge investment, is not running smoothly.　

(B) In the cry of strengthening the construction of disease control system, the number of disease control professionals has decreased compared with 2003. According to the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care in China in 2019, there are 188,000 people in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, including 140,000 health technicians, which are 20,000 and 19,000 fewer than in 2003 respectively.　

(C) CDC system, people floating, brain drain accelerated. In June, 2019, at a seminar held in the State Council Development Research Center, Ceng Guang, chief epidemiologist of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: Due to various problems accumulated for a long time and the further decline in income due to recent policy reasons, people in the disease control system are floating and the brain drain is accelerating. In the past three years, there have been as many as 100 young and middle-aged backbones lost from the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention alone, and the brain drain from disease control institutions in some places may be more serious.　

(4) The number of disease control institutions has decreased, and some places have even merged disease control institutions in the name of reform. In 2003, there were 3,584 national centers for disease control and prevention (epidemic prevention stations), and by the end of 2019, there were only 3,403 centers, a decrease of 181. In July 2018, Liaoning Province issued the red-headed document "Optimization and Integration Plan of Provincial Public Welfare Institutions", which reorganized and integrated the provincial and municipal disease control and health supervision departments. After the integration, only provincial disease control remained, and disease control and health supervision institutions below the provincial level were integrated and will no longer exist.　

(5) The county-level CDC is beset with "diseases" and its business development is stagnant and retrogressive. Professional and technical personnel are in short supply, and there is a serious shortage of staff; Aging infrastructure and insufficient investment; The channel of working funds is single; Lack of incentive and restraint performance appraisal system, lack of enthusiasm for disease control cadres. 　　　

Reform is imperative! How to change it? 　　

Gao Fu suggested. 　　

According to the report of China Youth Daily on May 27th, Gao Fu, director of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, who attended the third session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, called for speeding up the reform of the disease control system. He proposed to strengthen the core competence of disease control institutions and improve their "professional voice". 　　

He said that the new pneumonia epidemic has exposed the shortcomings of China’s major epidemic prevention and control system and public health system construction. As the main force of epidemic prevention and control, CDC has not fully played its role in early warning and monitoring, epidemiological investigation, and the proposal and implementation of prevention and control measures, and is faced with problems such as insufficient capacity, professional voice can not meet the requirements of modern disease prevention and control management and the increasingly diverse needs of the masses. The existing problems include: the CDC’s "unequal power and responsibility", the responsibility to put forward prevention and control strategies, the lack of decision-making power and discourse power to deal with the epidemic, and the "disconnection between administrative decision-making and technical strategies", and the CDC experts can only exercise the right of suggestion and cannot participate in decision-making; There is only a relationship of guidance and guidance between the superior and the subordinate disease control institutions, which makes it difficult to form an effective joint force in dealing with the epidemic situation. The division of labor and cooperation mechanism between disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions is not perfect.

The administrative functions of disease prevention and control are decentralized. The disease prevention, control and emergency functions of the national health administrative department are scattered in many departments, such as disease prevention and control bureau, medical management and emergency office. There is a lot of interference in the details of prevention and control, and there is no comprehensive coordination. According to Gao Fu, from 2010 to 2018, the total number of CDC staff at all levels in China decreased by 3.9%, among which the number of professional technicians mainly practicing doctors decreased by 10.8%.

In terms of funds, the share of medical and health expenditure of CDC decreased from 2.9% to 2.4%. He stressed that the key to the reform of the disease prevention and control system "is not whether it has administrative power, but that the technical work is not subject to administrative intervention and maintains its independent technology and authority." To this end, he suggested clarifying the responsibilities of the administrative department and the technical department.

According to the law, CDC has the right to formulate and publish prevention and control strategies and technical plans, and is responsible for monitoring, investigating, handling, early warning and evaluating the epidemic situation. He suggested, "Give the CDC decision-making power in the field of professional affairs and reduce the micro-management and direct management of the CDC by the health administrative department. Explore the establishment of a mechanism for reporting public health work and major issues directly to the leaders in charge of the government, and directly release epidemic information with the authorization of the government. " In addition, he suggested strengthening the awareness and ability of coordination, strengthening the management of higher-level disease control institutions to lower-level disease control institutions, implementing vertical business management of major public health service projects under the jurisdiction of the central government, and strengthening the national disease control system. On the afternoon of June 2nd, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over a symposium of experts and scholars and delivered an important speech. He emphasized that the disease prevention and control system is an important guarantee for protecting people’s health, ensuring public health safety and maintaining economic and social stability. We should base ourselves on more accurate and effective prevention, and intensify reform in rationalizing the system and mechanism, clarifying the functional orientation, and improving professional ability.

It is necessary to establish a stable investment mechanism for public health undertakings, improve the basic conditions for disease prevention and control, and improve public health services.

It is necessary to optimize and improve the function setting of disease prevention and control institutions and establish a division of labor and cooperation mechanism linked up and down.

It is necessary to strengthen the capacity building of national disease prevention and control institutions and strengthen their technology, ability and talent reserve. It is necessary to improve the linkage mechanism between disease control institutions and urban and rural communities, strengthen the disease prevention responsibilities of township hospitals and community health service centers, and consolidate the grassroots foundation of joint prevention and control.

It is necessary to innovate the coordination mechanism of medical care and prevention, and establish a mechanism of mutual restriction between personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision.

It is necessary to strengthen the construction of disease control talent team, establish a talent training and use mechanism that adapts to the modern disease control system, and stabilize the grassroots disease control team.

It is necessary to build a number of high-level public health colleges and focus on cultivating talents who can solve practical problems such as pathogen identification, epidemic situation research and transmission law research, on-site epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing.

It is imperative to strengthen the ability of early monitoring and early warning, improve the monitoring system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, improve the monitoring mechanism of unexplained diseases and abnormal health events, improve the sensitivity and accuracy of evaluation and monitoring, establish a multi-point trigger mechanism of intelligent early warning, improve the multi-channel monitoring and early warning mechanism, and improve the ability of real-time analysis and centralized judgment.

It is necessary to strengthen the construction of laboratory testing network and improve the ability of infectious disease detection. It is necessary to establish a collaborative monitoring mechanism between public health institutions and medical institutions, give play to the role of grass-roots sentinel, and achieve early detection, early reporting and early disposal.

It is necessary to improve the response plan system for public health emergencies, set up health emergency teams by classification, and cover the fields of situation judgment, epidemiological investigation, medical treatment, laboratory testing, community guidance, and material deployment. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge reserve and training exercises of grassroots health personnel and enhance the ability of pre-disposal. It is necessary to carry out in-depth publicity and education on health emergency knowledge, and improve the people’s awareness of public health emergencies and their ability to prevent self-help and mutual aid.

Party committees and governments at all levels should establish regular research and deployment of health and health work mechanisms such as prevention and control of major epidemics, so as to ensure clear instructions, orderly systems, smooth implementation.

Hubei exploration 　　

On June 10th, the Seventh Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Hubei Provincial Committee was held in Wuhan. The meeting discussed the Opinions of Hubei Provincial People’s Government on Promoting the Reform of Disease Prevention and Control System and Public Health System, and decided to take the lead in domestic exploration, plan the reform of medical and health system as a whole, systematically reshape the public health system, and improve the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control. Ying Yong, secretary of Hubei Provincial Party Committee, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. He pointed out that the prevention and control of the epidemic situation reflected the problems of imperfect network, unclear functions and separation of medical care and prevention in our province.

It is necessary to reform the disease control system in accordance with the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. Straighten out the system and mechanism, clarify the functional orientation, and enhance the professional ability. Strengthen the administrative functions of disease control institutions, implement the responsibility of supervision and supervision, and the main person in charge of disease control institutions is also a member of the health department at the same level.　

Explore and promote the "first-class security and second-class management", implement the "two permits" in detail, allow disease control institutions to break through the current wage control level of public institutions, allow medical and health technical services to be provided on the basis of completing approved tasks, and further stimulate the endogenous motivation of disease control institutions. Strengthen the construction of disease control talents. Disease control institutions should strengthen monitoring and early warning functions, and effectively strengthen the construction of hardware facilities and infectious disease detection capabilities. The coordination of medical care and prevention should be the top priority.

Try out the system of "chief public health officer" in the health department. Formulate a list of public health responsibilities, improve public health service projects, and innovate the coordination mechanism between disease control institutions and medical institutions around the establishment of a mechanism of mutual restraint between personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision. It is imperative to enhance early monitoring and early warning capabilities. The premise of epidemic monitoring and early warning is that the sources of epidemic information are unblocked and data are shared openly. It is necessary to improve the monitoring system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and establish a multi-point trigger mechanism of intelligent early warning to achieve early detection, early reporting and early disposal.　

Lao Xu suggested. 　　

(a) the implementation of epidemic reporting according to law, reduce human intervention, give full play to the state invested heavily in the establishment of the network is said to be relatively advanced epidemic reporting system. (two) strengthen the training of disease prevention and control professionals. First of all, we should plan the disease prevention and control system and the construction of talent team from the strategic height of national long-term stability. Huang Qifan once suggested that the training of public health and epidemic prevention talents must be expanded in scale and improved in quality, and double-class universities should be encouraged to set up high-quality public health colleges, rather than only medical colleges to set up this major; Build a national key university of public health and epidemic prevention, such as "China University of Public Health", pay equal attention to teaching and scientific research, cultivate high-end public health and epidemic prevention talents for the country, and concentrate on establishing a research system and laboratory system of public health and epidemic prevention, gather high-end scientific and technological talents from all over the world, and undertake cutting-edge research work in the field of public health in China and even the world.　

(3) In deepening the reform of the medical and health system, we should make overall plans for the reform of the disease control system. In particular, it should be noted that the disease control system can only be strengthened, not weakened; The talent team can only be steadily strengthened, and it cannot be floating and brain drain; The reform of disease control can only take a more professional road, establish the authority of disease control because of its specialty, and increase the right to speak in decision-making, instead of taking an administrative road. Disease prevention and control should be incorporated into the national security strategy, and an elite team that is professional, authoritative and trusted by all parties should be established, rather than an administrative grease.　

(four) pay close attention to the capacity building of grassroots disease control institutions. Create the first line of defense for disease prevention and control. 　

Ge Junbo： past lives of Domestic Heart Stent.

Heart stent is called one of the greatest inventions in contemporary cardiology, and tens of millions of heart patients around the world have been reborn. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, imported metal coronary stents monopolized the market, and the high price discouraged many patients.

Ge Junbo believes that doctors have the responsibility and obligation to save some money for patients so that they can get effective treatment. In order to enable most patients with coronary heart disease to afford stents, in 2000, Ge Junbo and his team began to study domestic cardiac stents with independent intellectual property rights.

In December 2005, the first generation of drug-eluting stents in China was successfully developed. Its appearance broke the monopoly of imported stents, greatly reduced the price of stents, and enabled more than 100,000 patients to afford stents every year, saving patients and the country about 1.2 billion yuan in medical expenses.

This success didn’t stop Ge Junbo’s team. In order to develop a completely absorbable stent, Ge Junbo’s team spent eight years concentrating on research, and finally found that a biomaterial of polylactic acid has the possibility of being made into a coronary stent.

In May 2013, Ge Junbo team submitted the test results to china food and drug administration and began to apply for clinical research.

On September 7th, 2013, the first fully bioabsorbable stent in China was successfully implanted in a patient.

In May, 2015, Ge Junbo was invited to give a report at an international conference on innovative stents, which was a strong international voice of the new stents with independent intellectual property rights in China. The birth of completely bioabsorbable stents enhanced China’s international competitiveness in this industry, and also made China’s medical device products develop from "Made in China" to "Made in China".

On March 4, 2020, the domestic bioabsorbable heart stent was officially approved for marketing.

Academician Ge Junbo said: "We have met the best time, which allows each of our researchers to show their talents and turn their ideals into reality."

In this programme, Ge Junbo, academician of China Academy of Sciences and director of the Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University, will tell you about past lives, a domestic heart stent.

The second episode of the fourth chapter "Medical Care in Great Countries" of "Medical Care to the Party" was broadcast on CCTV-12 Lifeline at 12: 00 on August 17th, and was jointly released by Learning Powerful Countries, communist party Net, CCTV Video, CCTV, CCTV Video, China IP TV, Healthy China and Health News. Please watch.