标签： 上海贵族宝贝龙凤楼

Jing Zheng Ban Fa [2014] No.23

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　"Beijing key scientific research work plan for air pollution prevention and control (2014-2017)" has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued to you. Please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

　　General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　 　　

　　April 18, 2014　　

Beijing Key Scientific Research Work Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control (2014-2017)

　　This plan is formulated to implement the Beijing Clean Air Action Plan for 2013-2017, accelerate the "Blue Sky Action in the Capital" jointly implemented by this Municipality, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and give full play to the supporting and leading role of science and technology in the prevention and control of air pollution.

First, the general idea

　　Thoroughly implement the important speeches of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, especially the spirit of the important speeches when inspecting Beijing’s work, base on the strategic positioning of the capital city, focus on the goal of building Beijing into a world-class harmonious and livable capital, give full play to the advantages of the capital’s scientific and technological resources, take application as the guidance, and focus on enterprises, universities, research institutes, scientific and technological service institutions and related units. Carry out research on the causes, forecast and early warning of air pollution, promote clean and efficient use of energy, improve the technical level of new energy and clean energy vehicles, promote the development and demonstration application of prevention and control technologies for key pollution sources, accelerate the construction of ecological environment, promote the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries, and provide scientific and technological support for the prevention and control of air pollution and the improvement of air quality in the city.

Second, the key tasks

　　(A) the causes of air pollution and forecasting and early warning research

　　1. Study the prevention and control law of air pollution sources. Carry out source emission inventory focusing on fine particulate matter (PM2.5), source analysis of major pollutants (ozone, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, etc.), research on pollution causes and transport flux, and deepen understanding of air pollution and prevention and control work. Study the emission characteristics and control countermeasures of major atmospheric pollutants, and evaluate the treatment technology.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Meteorological Bureau.

　　2. Improve the level of air pollution forecasting and early warning and emergency management. Carry out research on monitoring and early warning technology system of heavy air pollution, improve the ability of forecasting and early warning of persistent polluted weather, and explore technical ways to reduce smog by artificial influence. Study the influence mechanism and dynamic control method of meteorological conditions on regional heavy pollution process, establish a three-dimensional monitoring network of atmospheric boundary layer pollution, and form an accurate air quality forecasting model and a graded early warning system of regional heavy pollution around Beijing. Study on evaluation methods and related policies of emergency management measures for heavily polluted weather.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Meteorological Bureau.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Emergency Office.

　　3. Carry out scientific and technological cooperation in regional air pollution prevention and control. Give full play to the advantages of scientific and technological resources in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other provinces and cities, jointly carry out regional scientific and technological research on air pollution prevention and control, and promote the transformation and application of scientific research results and the sharing of air pollution prevention and control technologies. Under the guidance and coordination of the Ministry of Science and Technology, according to the technical requirements of air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, we will sort out and collect air pollution prevention technologies and products, evaluate and screen to form a catalogue of advanced and applicable technologies, and provide technical and product information for regional air pollution prevention and control.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Meteorological Bureau and district and county governments.

　 　 　 (2) Promote clean and efficient use of energy.

　　4. Develop alternative technologies and products for coal burning. Carry out demonstration and application of high-efficiency clean combustion technology of coal. Popularize the application of high-efficiency briquette, high-efficiency coal-fired stoves and other technical equipment, develop unattended natural gas skid-mounted station equipment, popularize solar hot water heating, passive solar energy utilization and other technologies, and adopt various technical ways to replace coal burning.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Agriculture Bureau and relevant district and county governments.

　　5. Promote semiconductor lighting technology and products. Encourage, support and guide enterprises to promote the application of semiconductor lighting in subway stations, shopping malls and supermarkets, cultural theaters and roads and other typical areas.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Appearance Committee, Municipal Transportation Committee, Municipal Commerce Committee, Municipal Tourism Committee and Municipal Culture Bureau.

　　6. Promote waste heat recovery technology and products. Promote the application of industrial waste heat recovery and utilization technology and equipment, waste heat power generation technology, waste heat recovery and heating technology and other technologies and equipment. Carry out the design and manufacture of efficient core equipment, form mature high, medium and low temperature multi-working condition waste heat power generation technology and equipment manufacturing capacity, and carry out engineering demonstration application.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission and Municipal Economic Information Commission.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

　　7. Promote the wide application of building energy-saving technologies and products. Popularize and apply building intelligent control and integrated energy management system, green building materials and green lighting, natural ventilation technology, HVAC energy-saving system and other technologies and products.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Meteorological Bureau.

　　8. Promote heat pump technology and products. Popularize waste heat pump heating technology in urban heat sources such as thermal power centers and gas-fired boiler rooms, and develop sewage source and reclaimed water source heat pump heating technology in areas where sewage collection trunk pipelines are close to suitable areas and reclaimed water resources are abundant. Popularize air source heat pump technology in suitable areas and explore the use of ground source heat pump technology.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission and Municipal Water Affairs Bureau.

　　9. Promote the development of distributed energy. Encourage the construction of high-efficiency gas-fired distributed energy systems in government agencies, hospitals, hotels, shopping malls, commercial centers, transportation hubs, data centers and other fields, and comprehensively utilize renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy where conditions permit. Demonstration and application of distributed photovoltaic power generation system in high-end equipment manufacturing park, and "photovoltaic hundred flowers project" in primary and secondary schools and industrial parks.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

　　10. Implement the capital bio-gas industry science and technology demonstration project. Support the research and development of key technologies, complete sets of equipment and products for the comprehensive utilization of biogas, landfill gas and other biogas. Support the construction of bio-gas application demonstration enterprises, industrialization bases and village application demonstration projects, explore the commercial operation mode of bio-gas, and promote the standardization, engineering and industrialization of bio-gas equipment.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Agriculture Bureau.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Appearance Committee, and district and county governments.

　　(3) Improve the technical level of new energy and clean energy vehicles.

　　11. Support the research and development of complete vehicles, key components, supporting infrastructure and operation support platforms. Intensify vehicle optimization and the development of a new platform for electric vehicles, adopt a new lightweight structure to reduce the weight of the vehicle, adopt a high-efficiency motor to improve the driving efficiency of the vehicle, and improve the energy density of the battery group. Optimize and integrate the spare parts supply system, improve the performance of key spare parts such as electric air conditioning and electric braking, reduce the cost of the whole vehicle and improve the cost performance of the whole vehicle. The man-vehicle interaction system is used to interconnect with intelligent transportation, parking guidance platform and information system to improve the use value of electric vehicles. Improve the public domain operation support platform, intelligent charging and replacing service platform and inspection and testing service platform. Carry out risk monitoring and analysis of electric vehicles, and study and establish a remote monitoring platform and management mechanism for demonstration and application of new energy passenger cars based on Internet of Things technology.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Transportation Commission and Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau.

　　12. Improve the emission standards and supervision level of motor vehicles. Study the sixth stage vehicle emission standards, local standards of vehicle fuel and related standards of on-board oil and gas recovery system of gasoline vehicles. Carry out research on in-use vehicle detection methods and vehicle emission pollution control policies to improve the supervision level. Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Transportation Commission.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission, Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　(four) to promote the development and demonstration application of prevention and control technologies for key pollution sources.

　　13. Accelerate the implementation of online monitoring of pollutant emissions. Conduct research on the capacity building of automatic monitoring of key pollution sources, and accelerate the construction of automatic monitoring system for key pollution sources. Study and popularize the automatic monitoring system of low-concentration flue gas and ultrasonic flue gas flow measurement technology to accurately monitor the total pollutant discharge of key pollutant discharge enterprises.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Bureau of Quality Supervision.

　　14 research and development of volatile organic compounds pollution control technology and equipment. Develop technologies and equipment for source control and process control of volatile organic compounds, develop high-performance catalyst carriers, and prepare new nano rare earth oxide catalysts with wide application range and strong treatment capacity. Carry out research on on-line monitoring system of gas station and vehicle-mounted oil and gas recovery technology, develop key technologies and equipment for volatile organic compounds control in industrial painting industry, and promote the application and promotion of volatile organic compounds control technology in related industries through technical demonstration.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　15. Control nitrogen oxide pollution from fixed combustion sources. Develop low-nitrogen and ultra-low-nitrogen burners for gas-fired boilers, develop the matching boiler main body and control system, and form complete sets of equipment for low-nitrogen and ultra-low-nitrogen combustion boilers. Develop low-temperature denitration catalyst, waste heat recovery and denitration integration devices to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion equipment.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, and district and county governments.

　　16. Control ammonia emissions. Find out the emission characteristics and activity level of ammonia emission sources (livestock and poultry breeding, fertilizer application, mobile sources, sewage treatment, garbage treatment, etc.), carry out environmental monitoring in typical areas, put forward ammonia emission reduction control countermeasures, develop ammonia emission control technologies for key sources and demonstrate their application.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission, Municipal Agriculture Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　17. Control road dust and construction dust. Screening plant populations with good dust retention effect, and carrying out research and application demonstration of greening planting technology. Piloting and popularizing multi-effect dust suppressants in key areas and carrying out on-line monitoring of construction dust. Promote the development of parts and components of assembled industrialized housing, improve the prefabrication rate, and focus on the promotion of affordable housing construction.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Landscaping Bureau, Municipal Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　18. Reduce cooking fume pollution. Detect and analyze the existing fume purification products, and select and recommend a batch of catering fume purification equipment with good performance for popularization and application. Formulate stricter local standards for air pollutant emission in catering industry. Tackling the treatment technology of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in catering lampblack, and developing modular and easy-to-maintain lampblack purification equipment. Pilot construction of a batch of online monitoring systems for catering fume in catering gathering areas.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee, Municipal Agriculture Committee, Municipal Commerce Committee, Municipal Tourism Committee, Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, Municipal Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau Fire Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　19. Promote cleaner production. Organize and guide enterprises in key industries such as cement to carry out cleaner production audit and implement cleaner production technological transformation. Select typical industrial development zones to implement cleaner production technological transformation, encourage the development of cleaner production projects with energy saving, consumption reduction and emission reduction, accelerate the construction of environmental protection infrastructure in industrial development zones, encourage the ecological and recycling design and transformation, and build a cleaner production science and technology model project in eco-industrial parks.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Economic Information Commission, district and county governments.

　　(5) Accelerate the construction of ecological environment.

　　20. Strengthen technical support for afforestation projects. Focusing on the key technical problems in the implementation of the million mu afforestation project, we have screened out a number of low-consumption and high-resistance multifunctional afforestation plant varieties suitable for the plain area, applied and popularized the environment-friendly plant pest control technology, developed the landscape ecological forest construction technology suitable for different site conditions, explored a new model of large-scale afforestation and dust suppression, and continuously improved the ecological benefits of the plain afforestation project.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening Co-organizer: Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Meteorological Bureau, Municipal Park Management Center and district and county governments.

　　21 to speed up the cultivation, protection and utilization of excellent germplasm resources. Carry out research on the selection, propagation and application of plant varieties with excellent ecological effects, and develop plant varieties that are suitable for the climatic conditions of our city, drought-resistant and water-saving and can be propagated in factories. Construction of excellent germplasm resources database, resource nursery and excellent plant gene bank for landscaping. Cultivate late deciduous tree species and ground cover plant varieties with strong resistance to air pollution and drought, domesticate and breed excellent native tree species.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Municipal Park Management Center, and district and county governments.

Third, safeguard measures

　　(1) Strengthen organizational leadership and clearly implement responsibilities. We will improve the organizational model and working mechanism jointly promoted by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the industry authorities, strengthen communication and coordination, and focus on studying and solving major scientific and technological problems in the prevention and control of air pollution. Clarify departmental responsibilities, implement division of tasks, form joint efforts, and jointly promote scientific and technological support for air pollution prevention and control.

　　(2) Adhere to the demand orientation and accelerate the application of technology. Guided by the major scientific and technological needs of air pollution prevention and control, establish a sharing mechanism of scientific research results, give play to the role of industrial technology alliances, industry associations and other organizations through the first purchase, order, first (Taiwan) set of major technical equipment tests and demonstration projects, and promote the application, organize the comprehensive integration, demonstration application and popularization of new technologies and new products, promote the linkage between environmental management and technological development, and promote the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries.　

　 　 　 　(3) Cohesing innovative resources and attracting social participation. Give full play to the role of the government in development strategy, planning, policies, standards, financial funds, etc., guide innovative resources such as technology and talents to gather in the field of air pollution prevention and control, attract enterprises, universities, research institutes, scientific and technological service institutions, industrial technology alliances and other extensive participation, and promote the formation of a scientific and technological support pattern for air pollution prevention and control with government guidance, application orientation, enterprise subject and social participation.

Recently, a news was circulated in a circle of friends.

(Devik bosman’s social account announced the news of his death)

According to foreign media reports, on August 28th, local time, Chadwick Boseman, a famous actor and leading actor in Black Panther, died of colon cancer at the age of 43. It is reported that he was already in the third stage when he discovered intestinal cancer, and he could not be spared after fighting the disease for four years.

In fact, colorectal cancer has become the third most common malignant tumor in men and the second most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. In China, due to the improvement of living standards in recent years, the diet structure with high fat, high calorie, high protein and low dietary fiber, lack of exercise, bad living habits and other factors, the incidence of colorectal cancer has obviously accelerated and the onset age has advanced. The latest data from the National Cancer Registry show that the incidence of colorectal cancer among urban and rural residents in China is increasing year by year:

(Image from the Internet)

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract, including colon cancer and rectal cancer. Early colorectal cancer is often asymptomatic, but with the development of cancer, symptoms gradually appear:

1. The regularity of defecation has changed. The frequency of defecation is increased or particularly difficult, diarrhea, constipation or alternating diarrhea and constipation, and sometimes it is urgent and then heavy.

2. Abnormal stool shape. The stool is thin, flat or angular.

3. The nature of stool changes. There is blood or mucus in the stool, and the stool is not formed.

4. Symptoms of digestive tract. Abdominal pain, bloating, indigestion, loss of appetite, etc.

5. There is a mass in the abdomen and there is fixed pain.

6. Systemic cachexia symptoms such as emaciation and anemia …

At this time, it has often progressed to the middle and late stages, missed the best treatment opportunity, and it is too late to regret it! Even if the life is saved through surgery or various treatment methods, the quality of life is relatively poor.

Therefore, early diagnosis has become a key link in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer! In fact, for the terrible colorectal cancer, if it is found in the early stage, the survival rate of patients is very high, and some even reach more than 90%.

The Lancet once published a study saying that a screening for intestinal cancer can reduce the risk of intestinal cancer by more than one third and save countless lives. According to the data of CDC, raising the screening rate of colorectal cancer to 60%~80% can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by 22% (277,000 people) and the death of colorectal cancer by 33% (203,000 people).

More than 85% of colorectal cancer comes from untreated adenomatous polyp, which is a long process, and the process is roughly as follows:

(Image from the Internet)

It can be seen that the canceration process of some colorectal cancers lasts for 10-15 years. As long as we can do a good job in screening and surgical resection at the benign stage, some cases can be completely cured without radiotherapy and chemotherapy. If we can maintain a healthy lifestyle and not give the disease an opportunity, some polyps will never have a chance to form, so as to achieve real scientific prevention!

So, what methods can be used to screen for colorectal cancer? Let’s take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of various screening methods:

1. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Monoclonal immune reagent is used to detect whether there is trace bleeding in stool, and then indirectly judge whether there is hemorrhagic disease in intestine. According to statistics, 50%~60% patients with colorectal cancer and 30% patients with colorectal polyps are all positive for FOBT test. If the result is positive, further colonoscopy is needed. FOBT is also the only screening method that has been proved to effectively reduce the mortality of colorectal cancer, which can reduce the mortality of colorectal cancer by 18%.

Advantages: The method is simple and feasible, and can be used as a screening method for general survey.

Disadvantages: the false positive rate is high, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, perianal eczema, physiological period and other factors can lead to positive results, lacking screening specificity.

2. Digital rectal examination

Anal digital examination is mainly aimed at the rectal part, and it is based on the doctor’s experience and feel to judge whether there is a tumor in the patient’s rectum. The length of the doctor’s finger can touch the middle and lower rectum, so the accuracy of this examination is about 80%. Relevant data show that the lower rectal cancer is far more common in China than abroad, accounting for 77.5% of rectal cancer, so most rectal cancer can be touched during digital rectal examination.

Advantages: good quality and low price, high cost performance, and can be used as a means of general survey and screening.

Disadvantages: the "chrysanthemum" is tight and the discomfort is obvious. Initially judge whether there are lesions in rectum and surrounding organs 7~10cm away from anus; But it has no significance for high colon lesions. It is closely related to the experience of examining doctors, and the overall accuracy is not so high.

Anyone who has blood in the stool or changes in stool habits and has no abnormality by rectal digital examination should be examined by colonoscopy.

3. colonoscopy

Include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, proctoscopy, etc. Colonoscopy is the process of observing colonic lesions (such as inflammation, polyps, tumors, etc.) from the anus, through the rectum and sigmoid colon, and to the ileocecal part by using electronic colonoscopy. At present, most hospitals adopt fiber colonoscopy, which is suitable for detecting unexplained changes in stool habits, bloody stool, abdominal pain, indigestion and so on. Colonoscopy is one of the safe and effective methods to diagnose colorectal diseases, which can clearly find intestinal lesions through direct examination of the intestine.

According to medical statistics, it is found that 60~70% of intestinal cancer in China occurs in rectum and sigmoid colon. Therefore, rectal endoscopy and sigmoidoscopy can directly find tumors below the middle section of anal canal, rectum and sigmoid colon.

Advantages: colonoscopy is the first choice for the prevention and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and the best means is intuitive and clear. Some gastrointestinal polyps and early cancer can be cured by minimally invasive treatment under endoscope.

Disadvantages: colonoscopy cannot be used as a large-scale screening method. The inspection cost is higher than the first two inspections; Colonoscopy requires specialized doctors to undergo professional training and long-term practice. The poor degree, the trouble degree of bowel cleaning preparation and the pain degree of inspection process make many people flinch.

Therefore, before colonoscopy, some pre-examination items can be done to screen out the suspicious population of colorectal cancer, improve the positive rate of colonoscopy, and make the subjects worthwhile. However, we can’t refuse colonoscopy because we are afraid of being "exploded". Patients who meet the anesthesia indications can choose painless colonoscopy.

4. Blood tumor index examination

Among tumor markers, such as CEA, CA199, CA242 and CA724 play an important role in the detection of colorectal cancer. In the latest guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, it is also mentioned that these indicators can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and curative effect judgment of colorectal cancer.

Advantages: simple and easy, blood test.

Disadvantages: The single index of traditional tumor markers can not meet the screening requirements in detection sensitivity and specificity, and there are many influencing factors.

Therefore, multi-index combined detection is one of the principles of tumor markers. Studies have shown that the combined use of CEA, CA199 and fecal occult blood can improve the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 83.1%, which is much higher than that of single index detection.

5. Tumor gene detection and fecal DNA detection.

Gene detection is a frontier technology for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. By detecting the methylation level of some specific genes in blood or feces free DNA, colorectal cancer screening can be carried out.

Advantages: simple and easy to operate, with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Disadvantages: the detection cost is high, and it is difficult to be used for large-scale population screening of colorectal cancer.

6. Imaging examination, gastrointestinal CT virtual endoscopy

CT virtual colonoscopy (CTC), also called virtual colonoscopy and virtual scene, is a safe and non-invasive colon examination method. Three-dimensional CT examination of the large intestine (CTC) is an ideal alternative when the screening object is unable or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy screening. In short, it is a technique to scan the whole colon in supine position and prone position with multi-slice spiral CT, and then edit and reconstruct the data obtained by photography after image processing, so as to generate three-dimensional images of the intestine and check the potential lesions.

Advantages: the risk of colon perforation is low, the requirement of bowel cleaning is not high, there is no obvious contraindication, the examination time is short, convenient and painless, and the X-ray radiation is lower than that of barium enema examination. For polyps larger than 1 cm, the detection sensitivity is high. At the same time, some extraintestinal lesions can be found.

Disadvantages: CTC is a virtual image, which can not show the true color of intestinal mucosa, nor can it observe the subtle changes of blood vessels and mucosa. The ability to identify shallow concave, slight protuberance and flat lesions is poor; Lesions less than 5mm, or flat lesions with little uplift or with the difference of mucosal color as an important clue can not be judged. It is only an indirect observation of the lesion, and samples cannot be taken for pathological diagnosis or treatment; There is radiation damage; The cost is higher. At present, this method has not been popularized in China.

Its limitations are obvious, and it can’t completely replace the traditional colonoscopy. However, for those friends who really don’t want to do colonoscopy, combining fecal occult blood test (chemical method and immune method) and fecal DNA test can also be used as a temporary means for early cancer screening. However, in order to find early cancer and precancerous lesions, such as adenomatous polyp, flat polyp, etc., traditional colonoscopy is more reliable.

in conclusion

"Chrysanthemum" is no small matter, so don’t be nervous when checking it.

To keep the intestines safe, screening is indispensable!

Authors: Surgery, East China Sanatorium

Attending physician in Zhou Lu

All names and places are pseudonyms, and if there are similarities, it is purely coincidental.

　　Is it stamped?

　　The relevant person in charge of the supermarket said that there are many professional counterfeiters recently, and their counterfeiting is not formal, but the goods are switched and stolen. In order to avoid the situation that the professional counterfeiters can’t define the goods by changing the package, so when paying the bill at the cashier, the receipt is stamped.

　　Any tips?

　　The reporter noticed that the cashier didn’t give any tips before stamping the receipt, and the stamp on the back of the receipt was "Xinhua Store confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping". The cashier stamped each customer’s shopping receipt, and the customers hardly noticed it.

　　Is there something fishy?

　　The lawyer said that the act of stamping the small ticket is that the supermarket pushes the responsibility to the consumer, which unduly increases the responsibility of the consumer. If consumers buy goods for a long time, it is difficult to prove, and the stamped receipt is more conducive to the supermarket to prove that they have not sold expired goods.

　　When buying goods in the supermarket, have you ever noticed the cashier’s receipt handed over by the cashier and the goods? On July 13th, Mr. Zhou, a citizen who often shops in Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) and has the habit of keeping shopping receipts, suddenly found that there was a little more on the receipts than before.

　　It turned out that after shopping in the supermarket, the cashier stamped a seal on Mr. Zhou’s cashier’s receipt, "It was confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping." Mr. Zhou believed that the supermarket did not make a public notice of this requirement beforehand, which was a voluntary exemption and actually harmed the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

　　In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the supermarket explained that the move was mainly to prevent professional counterfeiters from bringing expired food that does not belong to the supermarket into the supermarket in the form of "package transfer".

　　Customer query

　　Stamping is a unilateral exemption for supermarkets.

　　On July 13th, after shopping in Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store), Mr. Zhou, a citizen of Chengdu, accidentally found a red seal on the back of the shopping receipt with the words "It was confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping". Mr. Zhou told Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star News reporter that he is a frequent visitor to this Renren Le supermarket, and he usually has the habit of keeping shopping receipts. This time, he found "different" behind the receipts.

　　In order to verify whether the store acted unilaterally or other Renrenle supermarkets had this provision, on July 15th, Mr. Zhou bought goods at Renrenle Supermarket (Qianfeng Store). This time, the back of the shopping receipt was not stamped. On the same day, Mr. Zhou came to Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) again. This time, he noticed that when checking out at the cashier, the cashier stamped the back of the printed receipt.

　　In this regard, Mr. Zhou believes that the supermarket has not made relevant public announcements to inform consumers before, which belongs to the unilateral exemption of the supermarket, which actually damages the consumers’ right to know and the rights to legally defend their rights.

　　Journalist visit

　　There is no hint before stamping.

　　On July 16th, a reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star came to Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) and found a seal with a red background on each checkout counter. After other consumers settled the bill, the cashier stamped the receipt. No consumer objected to this behavior, and some even didn’t take the receipt away.

　　The reporter bought a drink as a consumer. When checking out, the reporter noticed that the cashier didn’t give any hint before stamping the receipt. The stamp on the back of the receipt was "Xinhua Store confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping". The reporter saw at the scene that the cashier had stamped each customer’s shopping receipt, and the customers were almost unaware of it.

　　Later, the reporter visited other stores of Renren Le Supermarket, but did not find the act of stamping the back of the shopping receipt.

　　Supermarket response

　　Prevent professional counterfeiters from cheating.

　　"Mainly to prevent professional counterfeiting, there is nothing for other (customers)." The relevant person in charge of the customer service department of Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) explained that because there are so many professional counterfeiters in the supermarket recently, their counterfeiting is not formal, but the goods are switched and stolen. In order to avoid the situation that the professional counterfeiters can’t define the goods because they switch packages, so when paying the bill at the checkout counter, they stamp the receipt and take it back after the goods are sold, saying that it has expired. The supermarket is not responsible. "We also have a reminder on the radio, which is broadcast once every half hour, so that everyone can pay attention to the shelf life and collect shopping receipts." The person in charge said that the supermarket has fulfilled its obligation to inform.

　　Subsequently, Mr. Tan, the person in charge of Renrenle Supermarket in Chengdu, contacted the reporter and explained that a warm reminder was posted in the eye-catching position of the supermarket: "This mall refuses to sell expired goods, please tell the employees of this mall if you find it", which is also to provide customers with quality goods. The act of stamping the official seal is to confirm with the customer (check the shelf life of the goods) and also to consider the safety and health of the customer. At the same time, it is also a kind of protection for both parties to confirm with consumers whether the goods have expired because of the behavior of professional counterfeiters "switching packages".

　　Mr. Tan also said that everyone in the city has this initiative, which started three months ago. However, the reporter suggested that the visit found that only Xinhua Store used the stamp method, and the other party asked which supermarkets needed to assess the service quality.

　　Lawyer’s statement

　　Stamping is an act of shirking responsibility.

　　Liu Xiu, a lawyer of Taihetai Law Firm, believes that supermarkets have a substantive obligation to review whether the goods they sell have passed the shelf life, and consumers have no obligation to review and confirm. (The act of stamping the receipt) is that the supermarket pushes the responsibility to consumers, which unduly increases the responsibility of consumers. Consumers usually don’t pay attention to the tips on the product receipt. If consumers find that the product has expired after returning home, even if they stamp it, they can’t be exempted from the responsibility of the supermarket.

　　Xing Lianchao, a lawyer of Sichuan and Law Firm, believes that supermarkets should stamp the cashier’s receipt with the seal of "Confirmed that the shelf life has not expired", so both parties should confirm the goods sold on the spot before checkout to avoid disputes in the future. If there is no confirmation behavior, it will be wrong for the operator to stamp it directly.

　　Generally speaking, by comparing the shopping receipt and date of purchase with the shelf life of the goods, we can find out whether the goods have expired after purchase. If it is said that consumers spend too long buying goods, it is difficult to prove, and a small receipt with a seal is more conducive to the supermarket to prove that they have not sold expired goods, and consumers need to prove.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Yu Zunsu Intern reports to Shan.

　　A few days ago, we obtained the official picture of Geely Colorful (Parameters | Inquiry) PRO from the official. The new car can be regarded as an upgraded model of the current Colorful, which is mainly personalized for the appearance and will be launched on April 15.

　　

　　

　　From the official pictures released, the Colorful PRO still continues the overall design of the current model, using Geely’s design language called "Time Racing Aesthetic Concept". In terms of details, the new car has an angular front face, but we noticed that the car is more sporty than the current model under the action of light and shadow, and may add a small number of appearance kits. In addition, the new car adopts a red and black two-tone body design, adding a certain degree of personalization to it.

　　

　　

　　In terms of external configuration, the new car offers a red and black sports grille, carbon fiber trimmed skirt, Battle Man exclusive imprint logo, Tomahawk blackened wheels, red calipers, exclusive sports kit, black roof, rear spoiler, carbon fiber trimmed exterior mirrors, and a bilateral exhaust layout.

　　

　　From the interior, Colorful PRO adopts a red and black color scheme, which brings a strong visual effect. In terms of the overall design, the new car still continues the current model design, including a suspended central control screen, a metal brushed central control trim, a sports woven leather seat, and an exclusive "S" sports logo.

　　In terms of power, it is expected that the new car will continue to be equipped with a 1.5T three-cylinder turbocharged engine with a maximum power of 177 horsepower and a peak torque of 255 Nm, but the official emphasizes that the car is a high-power version and does not rule out re-adjustment. In the transmission system part, the new car is matched with a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission. (Author: Zhang Xuelian)