分类： jherigjtf

　　From the birth of the first integrated circuit to the present, it is just one child. Reviewing this "core" road is beneficial to the innovation of China today.

　　The ZTE incident not only focused people’s attention on high-end chips, but also brought people back to the long history of electronics and its technological innovation. A series of technological inventions and innovations, such as electron tubes, transistors, semiconductor materials, integrated circuits, large-scale or ultra-large-scale integrated circuits, constitute the development journey of radio electronics and promote the continuous transformation and upgrading of the electronic information industry. Nowadays, human society is entering a new development stage characterized by Internet, big data and artificial intelligence, and the main driving force for this development is still the greatest invention of electronics 60 years ago-integrated circuit.

　　Electron tubes have led the development of radio electronic technology.

　　Electronics is a science and technology about the conduction of electricity in vacuum, gas or semiconductor. It is a key subject in the 20th century and determines the development trend of the whole technology. Electronic devices, components and circuits, as the basic units of various electronic devices and electronic systems, always play a leading role in technological innovation. In a sense, the development history of radio electronics is the evolution history of electronic devices.

　　The birth of the electron tube

　　In the 1980s, the discovery of Edison effect and the confirmation of the existence of electromagnetic waves marked the birth of electronics. In 1883, Thomas Edison, a famous American inventor, found that there was a weak current passing between the electrified filament and the steel wire, which was also called the Edison effect. In 1884, the British scientist John A. Fleming repeated a similar experiment. In 1895, Italian engineer Guglielmo Marconi successfully conducted a wireless telegraph transmission experiment with a distance of 2.5 kilometers on the basis of Hertz experiment. Since then, the wireless telegraph transmission distance has been continuously extended and achieved great success, and Marconi became the inventor of the wireless telegraph system. In 1896, Marconi telegraph company was founded, and Fleming was hired as the consultant of the company, and engaged in the improvement of powder detector, the key electronic device of telegraph receiver. Powder detector was invented by French physicist édouard Branly in 1891. Its complex structure and poor power seriously affected the efficiency of telegraph communication. In 1904, Fleming used vacuum diode as radio wave detector according to Edison effect, which greatly improved the performance of telegraph detector. In addition to detection, vacuum diode also has the rectification function of changing alternating current into direct current. Vacuum diode is the first electronic device in human history. Its success lit the torch of electron tube and illuminated the development path of electronic devices from generation to generation.

　　● The establishment of the electron tube "dynasty"

　　Compared with powder detector, the performance of diode is much better, but its detection efficiency is still very low and its output signal is still very weak. In 1906, deforest, who was engaged in radio signal detection in the United States, found that the electrical signal was significantly enhanced after adding a grid between the cathode and anode of the diode, and the first triode was born. In the first few years, people only regarded it as a sensitive detector and detector, and did not know that it also had an amplification effect. In fact, a triode is an amplifier. In 1919, Schottky, a German, put forward the idea of adding a curtain grid between the grid and the anode. In 1926, Henry J. Round, an Englishman, realized Schottky’s idea and invented the quadrupole. In the same year, holst and Bernard D. H. Tellegen in the Netherlands invented the pentode. These multipole vacuum tubes are collectively called electron tubes.

　　The advent of electron tubes has promoted the rise of the electronic industry. In 1920, American westinghouse Company opened the world’s first radio station in Pittsburgh. In 1921, American Radio Co., Ltd. was established, and the patents belonging to Marconi, Bell Telephone, General Electric, Westinghouse and Amster were brought together. Large factories for producing electron tubes were established all over the world, and electron tubes entered a new stage of large-scale industrial production. In 1925, with the development of radio broadcasting, radios began to appear on the market. In the same year, John L. Baird, an Englishman, made the first mechanical TV set capable of transmitting images. By the end of 1930s, electron tubes had penetrated into various application fields, becoming the "favored son" of radio technology and an irreplaceable product. Until the 1940s and early 1950s, electronic tubes were still in a state of vigorous development, and hundreds of millions of electronic tubes were produced every year in the world.

　　Transistors usher in the turning point of electronic information industry

　　The development of vacuum electronic devices promoted the development of various electronic devices, making the electronic information industries such as radio communication, telephone, broadcasting and television one of the largest industries in the world industrial system at that time. In 1930s, the miniaturization of electron tubes gave birth to a new type of semiconductor electronic device, which entered the historical stage of electronic technology.

　　● The rise of semiconductors

　　Miniaturization of electron tubes can reduce volume, weight, performance and power consumption, which meets the basic needs of the market. With the appearance of the first electronic computer ENIAC, the shortcomings of electron tubes became more obvious. This computer shares about 18,000 tubes, with a volume of 90 cubic meters and a mass of 30 tons. It covers an area of 167 square meters and consumes 150 kWh of electricity. In addition, with the expansion of electronic equipment functions and the improvement of requirements, the shortcomings such as service life and reliability of electronic tubes have also become urgent problems to be solved.

　　The exploration of miniaturization technology of electron tubes has finally made "semiconductor" crystals emerge from obscurity. Compared with conductors and insulators, semiconductor materials were discovered later. In 1833, the British physicist Michael Faraday first discovered that the resistance of silver sulfide decreased with the increase of temperature. In 1839, the French physicist Beclere discovered the semiconductor photovoltaic effect. In 1873, British engineer Willoughby Smith discovered the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. In 1874, German physicist Karl F. Braun discovered the rectification effect of semiconductors. In 1879, Edwin Hall, an American physicist, discovered the Hall effect of semiconductors, that is, a semiconductor with current placed perpendicular to the magnetic field will have a transverse voltage. In 1911, the concept of semiconductor was first named and used by German physicist Badeker. From 1910 to 1930, people did a lot of research on various substances considered as semiconductors. Although there was no breakthrough, the technical application of semiconductors aroused people’s strong interest. In 1906, people made a simple ore detector out of emery crystal, which was popular for a while because it was once used in radios, but soon gave way to vacuum diode detectors.

　　From the late 1920s to the early 1930s, there was a breakthrough in the theoretical research of semiconductors. In 1928, Felix Bloch, a Swiss-born American physicist, pioneered the energy band theory. In 1929, German-born British physicist Peierls put forward the perturbation theory. In 1931, Harold A. Wilson, a British physicist, put forward a physical model of semiconductor based on the energy band theory, and gave a clear definition of semiconductor by using the energy band theory, which laid a theoretical foundation for semiconductor physics. In 1939, Schottky put forward many important conclusions about rectification theory, arguing that there was an energy barrier between metal and semiconductor, and put forward the famous diffusion theory. With the extension of radio application band to short wave and ultrashort wave, the detection performance of vacuum diode is seriously insufficient. Scientists realized that R&D under the framework of "electron tube" could not solve the problem fundamentally, and subversive innovation must be carried out from basic research, so people began to look to the emerging semiconductors at that time.

　　● The advent of transistors

　　The progress of theoretical research and technical application of semiconductors has laid theoretical and technical conditions for the birth of new electronic devices. In 1925, the establishment of Bell Laboratories marked the mature stage of the combination of basic research and technological development in American industrial experiments, which provided a new research paradigm for the birth of new electronic devices. In 1945, Bell Laboratories established a solid-state physics research group led by shockley and Stanley Morgan, among which shockley also established a solid-state physics semiconductor research group with bratton, Gerald Pearson, Gibney and John Bardeen as core members. According to the division of labor, Pearson studied the characteristics of silicon crystals and germanium crystals, bratton studied the surface phenomena of semiconductors, and Shockley and Bardeen were responsible for the theoretical explanation of the experiment. According to shockley’s arrangement, Badin set out to study the "field effect" test. In the experiment, when germanium crystal is used instead of silicon crystal, the field effect phenomenon predicted by shockley appears. On November 21, 1947, when measuring the potential distribution on the crystal, Badin accidentally suggested to bratton that the tip of a metal should be pricked on the silicon wafer, and the resistance of the silicon crystal below the contact point could be changed by changing the voltage of the surrounding electrolyte, thus controlling the current flowing into the contact point. After that, they used germanium crystals instead of silicon crystals.Using various methods to continuously narrow the distance between the two contact points, finally on December 16th, a miracle of power amplification coefficient as high as 450% appeared, and a new type of electronic device was born. On June 30, 1948, this new electronic device was officially named transistor.

　　Shockley missed the invention of the point contact transistor because he was not present in the key experiment. In 1949, shockley put forward the theory of PN junction and junction transistor, and developed junction transistor in the laboratory. Because of its obvious advantages, junction transistor quickly replaced point contact transistor and was widely used. Since then, PNP alloy tube, alloy diffusion tube and mesa transistor have appeared one after another. In 1952, shockley invented the junction field effect transistor and its basic theory. In 1953, shockley developed a silicon junction field effect transistor. In 1956, shockley, together with Bardeen and bratton, won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his great contribution to three kinds of transistors and their fabrication processes. In the same year, the first point contact germanium alloy transistor in China was successfully developed under the leadership of Lin Shouwu and Lin Lanying. In 1957, Esaki Reona, who was employed by Sony, made the tunnel diode. In the same year, Fairchild Semiconductor Company manufactured the world’s first silicon planar transistor by thermal growth of silicon dioxide on a silicon wafer. In 1960, attalla, an Egyptian-American scientist, and Dawon Kahng, a Korean-American scientist, invented the silicon metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET).

　　● Development of semiconductor devices

　　Although the transistor has completed the revolution in the technical sense, it has to face the test of the market to replace the electron tube in practical application. In 1951, the germanium transistor made by alloy method has come out, which has relatively stable amplification performance, but it is far worse than the electron tube in practical application, and has some shortcomings such as poor frequency characteristics, high noise, low power and short life.

　　With the continuous improvement of process structure, the purity of semiconductor materials such as germanium and silicon is gradually improved, and the advantages of transistors are increasingly apparent. Transistors and crystal diodes begin to enter the stage of mass production. In 1953, transistor hearing AIDS went on the market. In 1954, the world’s first subminiature transistor radio developed by the Industrial Development Engineers Association of Indianapolis, USA, went on the market, and the price was only $49.95. In 1955, transistor hearing AIDS and radios began to enter the international market. In 1956, the transistor was successfully fabricated by diffusion method, the frequency performance and power capacity of the transistor were greatly improved, the transistor technology entered a mature stage, and various high-frequency transistors came out one after another. Transistors in electronic equipment make electronic components such as resistors, capacitors, coils, relays and circuit plug-ins smaller and smaller, and their reliability and service life are greatly improved. The appearance of transistor makes people have more in-depth research on semiconductor materials, discover more "magic" functions, and manufacture a variety of semiconductor devices, such as photoresistors, solar cells, stress measuring devices, gas-sensitive alarms, etc. in automation equipment, and semiconductor devices have become the darling of electronics.

　　Integrated circuit opens a new era of microelectronics technology

　　The continuous miniaturization of transistors drives the innovation of manufacturing technology, and the innovation from alloy technology to plane technology makes the miniaturization of transistors take a bigger step. Planar technology not only promotes the production of semiconductor devices to a new stage of mass production, but also lays an industrial technical foundation for the birth of integrated circuits.

　　● The advent of integrated circuits

　　Although the miniaturization of transistors has improved the miniaturization of electronic equipment to a new level, with the rapid development of computer, satellite, aerospace and other technologies, the miniaturization of transistors is still far from meeting the needs of society, especially the military. In order to reduce the weight and volume of electronic equipment, not only transistors but also electronic components such as resistors, capacitors and relays should be smaller. As a result, people began to make various attempts and efforts in the high density of electronic equipment, and the electronic equipment of "micro-module" type appeared, that is, various electronic components were first assembled densely and then stacked into a solid structure. However, such efforts are still far from the requirements of precision electronic equipment such as aerospace. Can transistors, crystal diodes and other necessary components be assembled on a semiconductor chip according to the requirements of electronic circuits? This seems to be a natural problem.

　　In 1952, Geoffrey Dummer, an engineer at the Royal British Radar Station, put forward the idea of this integrated circuit. In May 1958, kilby, who was employed by Texas Instruments, immediately began to study the miniaturization of transistor circuits. On September 12th, kilby finally made resistors from germanium blocks, capacitors from PN junction germanium crystals, and mounted germanium transistors on germanium wafers on glass plates. Then, he etched channels between several devices and connected them with gold wires to form a complete circuit, which became the first integrated circuit (sometimes called microelectronics or chips) ever made. At the end of 1958, kilby and his colleagues made capacitors from silicon blocks with oxide layers, diffused layer resistors by diffusion method, and integrated phase-shift oscillator circuits by silicon crystal control, and applied for patents. Kilby won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000.

　　In 1959, Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor Company of the United States made a silicon integrated circuit by plane technology, which truly realized a monolithic integrated circuit and became the prototype of the later integrated circuit development. In 1960, the first MOS integrated circuit was born. In 1962, the first official product of integrated circuit with only 12 transistors and resistors appeared in the world, which marked that the third generation of electronic devices officially entered the stage of history. In 1965, Gordon Moore, the founder of Intel Corporation in the United States, put forward the famous Moore’s Law, arguing that the number of components that can be accommodated on a chip will double every 18 to 24 months, and the performance will also double. The invention of integrated circuits has paved the way for the development of microelectronics and microelectronics technology, and it has been developing at the speed predicted by Moore’s Law, which has a far-reaching impact on modern industry.

　　● Innovation of manufacturing technology

　　Integrated circuits are inseparable from the innovation of materials and their manufacturing processes. Transistor is the core device of integrated circuit, and its performance depends on the purity of germanium or silicon. In 1948, when shockley was making junction transistors, physical chemist Gordon Teal and engineer John B. Little helped him to make the first crystal puller, which made PN junction from molten crystal and made NPN junction single crystal by doping impurities. As later researchers commented: "No matter what kind of amplifier shockley designed, it can only be sketches for his own entertainment." That is to say, without the technology of purifying semiconductor materials, growing single crystals and doping impurities, high-performance transistors cannot be born.

　　Similarly, without silicon oxide mask, circuit printing, etching and diffusion technology, planar transistors and integrated circuits could not be realized, let alone the development of microelectronics technology. In 1957, it was discovered that silicon dioxide on the surface of silicon can prevent impurities from diffusing into silicon, which directly led to the emergence of silicon planar technology. The so-called planar process means that every process in the manufacture of planar transistors is carried out in a shallow planar layer on the surface of semiconductor wafers, and oxidation, photolithography, diffusion and ion implantation are important process links. In 1960, H. H. Loar and H. Christensen invented the epitaxial process. In 1970, Spieler and Castellani invented the lithography process. Mask aligner is the core equipment of chip making, and its principle is the same as that of photographic plate making in ancient printing industry. Driven by Moore’s Law, the exposure mode of lithography process has experienced the changes of contact mask aligner/proximity mask aligner in 1960s, projection mask aligner in 1970s, step mask aligner/step scanning mask aligner/immersion mask aligner in 1980s and now EUV mask aligner, which technically spans nodes such as 1 micron, 0.5 micron, 0.18 micron, 90 nm, 65 nm and 45 nm. The continuous innovation of lithography technology promotes the development of integrated circuit technology.

　　VLSI has become the foundation of modern industry.

　　Since the advent of integrated circuits, radio electronic equipment has set off an "integration" movement. From electronic computers to various electronic instruments, from aerospace complex electronic equipment to industrial automation control equipment, and today’s emerging industries such as cloud computing, Internet of Things and big data, integrated circuits continue to develop at Moore’s Law.

　　The emergence of large-scale integrated circuits

　　Integrated circuits can be divided into small-scale integrated circuits, medium-scale integrated circuits, large-scale integrated circuits and very large-scale integrated circuits according to the level of integration. Generally speaking, dozens of components on a single chip are small-scale, more than 100 to 1000 are medium-scale, more than 1000 are large-scale, and more than 100,000 are very large-scale. The rapid development of integrated circuits is the inevitable result of the development of technology and economy. Improving the integration of integrated circuits is in line with people’s intuitive imagination. Putting the whole circuit system and the whole radio equipment on a single chip can not only greatly save labor costs, but also make the process of large-scale integrated circuits not much different from that of simple integrated circuits with a few components. In addition, in the 1960s, electronic computers have penetrated into various departments such as national economy, scientific research and national defense, and the assembly with small-scale integrated circuits is unsatisfactory in terms of cost and technology. MOS transistor has the advantages of simple structure, small chip area and no need to add "isolation" measures when multiple transistors are integrated, so in 1967, bell laboratory made the first large-scale integrated circuit, which was quickly promoted to industrial production and practical application, occupying an important position.

　　Semiconductor memory has always been regarded as a representative product of increasing integration, from 1,000 bytes of storage capacity to 4,000 bits, 16,000 bits, 64,000 bits, 256,000 bits and 1 trillion bits. At the end of 1970s, Intel Corporation of the United States proposed random logic large-scale integrated circuit and invented computer central processing unit (CPU) integrated circuit, which created conditions for miniaturization of computers. In 1977, a VLSI with about 150,000 tubes on a chip appeared. In 1988, 16MB dynamic random access memory (DRAM) came out, and 35 million tubes were integrated on one chip, which marked the era of large-scale integration of integrated circuits.

　　● Industrial development of integrated circuits

　　The development of integrated circuit industry stems from people’s demand for quantity and quality of information and the progress of integrated circuit technology, which has penetrated into every corner of the national economy and people’s livelihood and become an important support for social development. The industrial structure of integrated circuits has undergone three major changes. The 1970s was the formative period of integrated circuit industry dominated by manufacturing. Its main products were microprocessors, memories and standard general logic circuits, and integrated circuit design was only a subsidiary department. The 1980s was the growth period of integrated circuit industry dominated by integrated circuit design, and its main products were microprocessors, microcontrollers and application-specific integrated circuits. During this period, design companies or design departments of integrated circuits without wafers were established one after another, and foundry factories began to rise. In the 1990s, with the rise of the Internet, the industrial structure of integrated circuits formed a professional pattern of independent design, manufacturing, packaging and testing, and the design industry became the "leader" of the industry.

　　The integrated circuit industry is mainly distributed in the United States, Japan, Europe, South Korea and Taiwan, China, forming a unique integrated circuit industry. The United States is the birthplace of integrated circuit technology, with large enterprises such as Intel, Texas Instruments, Micron, Qualcomm and Broadcom Waferless Design Company, ranking in the leading position in the world. Japan developed integrated circuits in 1964, becoming the second country in the world with integrated circuit technology. South Korea’s integrated circuit industry began in the 1970s, mainly based on memory, occupying a majority share in the global market, forming a monopoly situation. Taiwan, China started in 1980s and formed a complete industrial structure. China’s integrated circuit industry made great achievements from 1956 to 1978. For example, the first transistor was made in 1956, the DTL logic circuit was made in 1965, the first PMOS LSI circuit was developed in 1972, and a large electronic computer was independently developed for 10 million times in 1976. From 1979 to 2000, from technology introduction to key support, China’s integrated circuit enterprises have accumulated technology and developed in industry, but it is not smooth. After 2000, with the support and encouragement of the central and local policies, the integrated circuit industry in China has developed rapidly and obtained a number of "Chinese cores" with independent intellectual property rights, but there is still a big gap between the core technologies and the international advanced level.

　　From the birth of the first integrated circuit to the present, it is just one child. Reviewing this "core" road is beneficial to the innovation of China today. Social demand is the source of great innovation, and the miniaturization and integration of electronic devices point out the direction for the innovation of electronic technology. Great original innovation can not be separated from in-depth theoretical research. Without the breakthrough of solid state physics theory, it is hard to imagine the emergence of transistors and integrated circuits. "ZTE" is banned by the United States, which highlights that it is more important to introduce talents than technology. Silicon Valley is the center of high-tech innovation in the world and the highland where talents gather in the world. The transformation of new technology into new products is inseparable from a good innovation environment. The innovative environment of fair competition created by Bell Labs has made a team of complementary cooperation.

　　Wang Guoqiang, Ph.D., Research Fellow, Innovation Strategy Institute, China Association for Science and Technology. His main research interests are science and technology history, science and technology policy and science and technology communication.

This article is from Zhangjiang Science and Technology Review.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Manila, November 21st, the full text of the joint statement between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Philippines is as follows:

　　Joint statement between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of the Philippines

　　(Manila, November 21, 2018)

　　1. At the invitation of President Rodrigo Roya Duterte of the Republic of the Philippines, the Supreme Leader of President People’s Republic of China (PRC) paid a state visit to the Philippines from November 20 to 21, 2018.

　　During the visit, the leaders of the two countries held talks to review the history of friendly exchanges between China and the Philippines, plan the future development of bilateral relations, exchange views on regional and international issues of common concern, and reach important consensus.

　　During the visit, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader also met with Speaker of the Philippine Congress gloria macapagal arroyo and Senate President Vincent Castro Soto.

　　2. The Philippines congratulates China on its great achievements in the 40 years of reform and opening up, and wishes the people of China to successfully achieve the goal of "two hundred years". China congratulates the Philippines on its outstanding achievements in maintaining national peace, promoting sustainable economic growth and social development under the leadership of President Duterte, and wishes the Philippines greater progress in national development.

　　3. Both sides agreed that good Sino-Philippine relations are conducive to enhancing the fundamental well-being of the two peoples. Thanks to the joint efforts and mutual trust of both sides, the relationship between the two countries has changed and is constantly improving. The two sides agreed to make persistent efforts to promote the cooperation agreement reached to achieve more positive results.

　　4. The two heads of state agreed that raising China-Philippines relations to a higher level conforms to the fundamental interests and common aspirations of the two countries and peoples, and decided to establish a comprehensive strategic cooperative relationship between China and the Philippines on the basis of mutual respect, frankness, equality and mutual benefit, and win-win cooperation.

　　5. The two sides reiterated that the existing bilateral dialogue mechanisms between China and the Philippines, including China-Philippines diplomatic consultations, consular consultations, the Joint Commission on Economic and Trade Cooperation, the annual defense and security dialogue, the Joint Commission on Agricultural Cooperation, the Joint Commission on Fisheries Cooperation and the Joint Commission on Scientific and Technological Cooperation, are of great significance to enhancing understanding, expanding cooperation and strengthening the partnership between the two sides.

　　6. The two heads of state agreed to maintain close high-level exchanges, strengthen the guiding planning of bilateral relations through bilateral exchange visits, telephone calls, letters and meetings on multilateral occasions, timely communicate on major regional and international issues, and enhance the exchange of experience in governing the country. The Philippines reaffirms its adherence to the one-China principle.

　　7. The two sides welcomed the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on jointly promoting the construction of the Belt and Road, and welcomed the contribution of cooperation initiatives such as the ASEAN Interconnection Master Plan 2025 to promoting regional connectivity.

　　8. The two sides believe that the relations between the two armies are an important part of the relations between the two countries and are conducive to maintaining regional peace and stability. The two sides will jointly implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Defense Cooperation between the two countries and strengthen pragmatic cooperation in the fields of counter-terrorism, humanitarian relief, disaster reduction and peacekeeping.

　　Nine, the two sides believe that it is necessary to strengthen medical and health cooperation. The leaders of the two sides agreed to continue to expand exchanges and cooperation in the fields of traditional medicine, training of medical experts and scientific and technological personnel, public health, medical informatization and health management.

　　10. China promises to continue to support the Philippine government in its efforts to crack down on illegal drugs and drug-related crimes, and is willing to strengthen cooperation in combating the smuggling of drugs and precursor chemicals, information sharing, joint case handling, and drug rehabilitation. The Philippine side spoke highly of the completion of the Chinese-aided drug rehabilitation center in Sarangani Province and the smooth progress of the construction of the drug rehabilitation center in Shawn Ku Province, and thanked the Chinese side for donating drug inspection equipment and providing personnel training.

　　11. The two sides strongly condemn terrorism in any form and will strengthen cooperation in information exchange and capacity building to jointly prevent and respond to the threat of terrorism. China reaffirms its firm support and assistance to the Philippines in its fight against terrorism and post-war reconstruction in Malawi. The Philippine side expressed its gratitude for this.

　　12. The two sides agreed to strengthen law enforcement cooperation and jointly crack down on transnational crimes such as duty crimes, telecom fraud, illegal online gambling, computer crimes, human trafficking and smuggling of endangered wild animals and plants and their products. The two sides agreed to speed up the signing of the treaty on the transfer of sentenced persons between the two countries.

　　13. The two sides spoke highly of the achievements of China-Philippines economic and trade cooperation and will continue to implement the Six-Year Development Plan for China-Philippines Economic and Trade Cooperation. Promote more local currency settlement of bilateral trade and investment, strengthen customs exchanges and cooperation between the two countries, and promote the facilitation of economic and trade activities.

　　14. China is willing to speed up the certification process, expand the import of more high-quality agricultural products such as Philippine tropical fruits, and promote the two-way trade balance.

　　15. The two sides will speed up the implementation of the Sino-Philippine Industrial Park Cooperation Plan signed during this visit, so as to provide a good environment for enterprises of the two countries to invest in each other’s countries.

　　16. Both sides agreed that infrastructure cooperation is the highlight of China-Philippines cooperation. The two sides will promote the early completion of Chikou River irrigation, Manila Pasig River Bridge and other projects, accelerate the promotion of Kaliva Dam, Ping An Philippine Phase I, South Line of North-South Railway and other projects that need urgent feasibility study support, and ensure the smooth implementation of relevant projects. The two sides are willing to actively explore and formulate the implementation process of preferential loans for China’s aid to the Philippines, and continue to use free aid, preferential export buyer’s credit, development commercial loans and financing arrangements under multilateral mechanisms to serve the above-mentioned key infrastructure cooperation projects.

　　17. The two sides agreed to give full play to the role of the third phase of the China-Philippines Agricultural Technology Center and strengthen cooperation in the fields of high-quality crop seeds, agricultural infrastructure and agricultural machinery. The two sides support further strengthening fishery cooperation. The Philippine side thanked China for donating 100,000 Eastern Starfish fry to Palawan and Davao in 2017, and provided assistance to the Philippine side in capacity building in related fields. China is welcome to continue to donate 100,000 Eastern Starfish fry to the Philippines in 2018 and 15,000 freshwater fish fry in early 2019. The two sides will also strengthen practical exchanges and project cooperation in poverty reduction.

　　18. The two sides will cooperate on scientific and technological personnel exchange, experience sharing, joint research, science and technology parks, and organization of seminars and seminars under the framework of the China-Philippines Intergovernmental Joint Commission on Scientific and Technological Cooperation. The two sides also agreed to strengthen cooperation in the fields of rice research, bamboo processing, renewable energy, cashew nut oil extraction and technology transfer. China’s Ministry of Science and Technology is willing to invite young Philippine scientists to China to participate in the "International Youth Project" to help the Philippines strengthen its capacity building. The two sides welcomed the joint statement of China-ASEAN cooperation in science and technology innovation issued by the 21st China-ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting.

　　19. The two sides encouraged the strengthening of exchanges and cooperation in the field of information and communication, and enhanced the communication technology level and service capabilities of the two countries.

　　20. The two sides noted that the number of tourists from China to the Philippines has increased significantly in recent years, contributing to the economic development of the Philippines. The two sides will continue to encourage their citizens to travel to each other’s countries, strengthen cooperation in tourism infrastructure development, and encourage airlines of the two countries to open more direct flights to further facilitate two-way personnel exchanges.

　　21. Both sides fully affirmed the important role of educational exchanges, including vocational and technical education and training, in enhancing understanding and friendship between the two countries, and encouraged the educational administrative departments of both sides and educational institutions at all levels to actively carry out pragmatic cooperation.

　　From 2019 to 2021, China will provide 50 new Philippine government scholarships to the Philippines every year on the original basis. The two sides will jointly implement the 2019-2023 Implementation Plan of the Cultural Cooperation Agreement between the two countries signed during this visit, and encourage cultural institutions and delegations of the two countries to strengthen exchanges and cooperation.

　　China will initiate the establishment of the China Cultural Center in the Philippines. The two sides support the establishment of more friendly provincial and municipal relations between the two provinces and cities.

　　22. The two sides agreed to strengthen cooperation in the field of labor and employment, jointly implement the Memorandum of Understanding on Filipino English Language Teachers Working in China signed in Boao on April 10, 2018, and welcome the formal implementation of the work arrangements for Filipino English teachers in China. The memorandum of understanding shows that China recognizes the qualifications and abilities of Filipino teachers as English teachers in higher education institutions, and that both sides are committed to protecting and promoting the welfare of the teachers concerned at work.

　　23. The Philippine side welcomes the official opening of the Consulate General of China in Davao. Based on international practice and the principle of reciprocity, the two sides will make reciprocal arrangements for bilateral diplomatic premises, especially the most urgent concerns, in the spirit of the 1975 communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations.

　　24. The two sides exchanged views on the South China Sea issue, arguing that the South China Sea dispute is not the whole of China-Philippines relations and should not affect mutually beneficial cooperation in other fields. The two sides reaffirmed the importance of maintaining and promoting regional peace and stability and freedom of navigation and overflight in the South China Sea. Committed to the peaceful settlement of disputes through friendly consultations and negotiations by sovereign States directly concerned in accordance with the universally recognized principles in international law, including the Charter of the United Nations and the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, without resorting to force or threat of force.

　　25. Both sides believe that with the joint efforts of China and ASEAN countries including the Philippines, the situation in the South China Sea has become more stable. The two sides will work with other ASEAN countries to fully and effectively implement the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, maintain the momentum of active consultation on the draft single consultation text of the Code of Conduct in the South China Sea, and strive to reach an effective Code at an early date on the basis of consensus.

　　26. The two sides agreed to exercise self-restraint and not to take actions that complicate and enlarge the dispute and affect peace and stability. The two sides recognize that confidence-building measures are of great significance to enhancing mutual trust, and affirm the importance of the bilateral consultation mechanism between China and the Philippines on the South China Sea issue and the mechanism of the Joint Committee on Maritime Cooperation of the Marine Police.

　　The two sides agreed to maximize and strengthen the role of the existing defense and marine police dialogue and liaison mechanism, respond to emergencies at sea in a timely manner, and enhance mutual trust and confidence between relevant departments of both sides.

　　27. The two sides welcome the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on Oil and Gas Development Cooperation, and are willing to actively discuss maritime cooperation including offshore oil and gas exploration and development, minerals, energy and other sustainable utilization of marine resources.

　　The two sides agreed to strengthen the role of other existing maritime cooperation mechanisms, implement relevant international maritime documents, ensure the safety of life at sea, and strengthen cooperation in marine environmental protection and human resources development.

　　28. The two sides positively evaluated the development of China-ASEAN relations, congratulated China-ASEAN on the 15th anniversary of the establishment of strategic partnership and China-ASEAN Innovation Year, and welcomed the adoption of Vision 2030 of China-ASEAN Strategic Partnership at the 21st China-ASEAN Leaders’ Meeting. China supports the Philippines in fulfilling its responsibilities as a coordinator of China-ASEAN relations and China-ASEAN East Growth Zone cooperation. The Philippine side welcomes and supports China’s promotion of cooperation with the East ASEAN Growth Zone and its contribution to the construction of the ASEAN Community and China-ASEAN cooperation.

　　29. The two sides agreed to jointly safeguard international peace and security, safeguard the rules-based international multilateral free trade system, promote development cooperation, and strengthen cooperation under international multilateral frameworks such as the United Nations.

　　30. The two sides welcomed a series of agreements and memorandums of understanding on cooperation signed during the visit (see annex for details).

　　31. Both sides agreed that President Supreme Leader’s visit has enhanced China-Philippines friendship and cooperation, which is a milestone in the development of China-Philippines relations. The Chairman of the Supreme Leader expressed his gratitude to President Duterte and the Philippine side for their warm and friendly reception and invited President Duterte to China to attend the second "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum in April next year. President Duterte accepted the invitation with pleasure.

　　attachment

　　List of signing cooperation documents and awarding ceremony

　　I memorandum of understanding between the government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the government of the Republic of the Philippines on jointly promoting the construction of the belt and road initiative.

　　II. Memorandum of Understanding between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on Oil and Gas Development Cooperation.

　　III. Agreement on Economic and Technical Cooperation between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.

　　IV. Infrastructure Cooperation Plan between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.

　　V. Cooperation Plan for Industrial Parks between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines.

　　6. Exchange of Notes between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on Project Establishment of Davao River Bridge in the Philippines.

　　7. Exchange of Notes between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on the Establishment of Road and Bridge Rehabilitation Project in Malawi, Philippines.

　　8. Exchange of Notes between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on the Project of Container Inspection Equipment Assistance to the Philippines.

　　IX. Handover Certificate between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines on Emergency Humanitarian Cash Assistance.

　　X. Implementation Plan for the Cultural Cooperation Agreement between the Government of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Government of the Republic of the Philippines from 2019 to 2023.

　　XI. Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Education of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Education of the Republic of the Philippines on Cooperation in Basic Education.

　　12. Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Information and Communication Technology of the Republic of the Philippines on Strengthening Cooperation in the Communication Field.

　　XIII. Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China and the Cooperative Development Agency of the Republic of the Philippines on Strengthening the Construction of Agricultural Cooperatives.

　　XIV. Memorandum of Understanding between the Ministry of Commerce of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of the Philippines on jointly promoting cooperation in key infrastructure projects in Davao.

　　15. Implementation Agreement between the Ministry of Commerce of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of the Philippines on Feasibility Study Project of Aid to the Cross-sea Bridge Project.

　　XVI. Implementation Agreement between the Ministry of Commerce of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Ministry of Public Works of the Republic of the Philippines on the Feasibility Study Project of Aiding Feidavao Expressway.

　　17. Memorandum of Cooperation between the People’s Bank of China and the Philippine National Bank on Establishing RMB Clearing Arrangements.

　　18. Protocol between the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of the Philippines on Plant Quarantine Requirements for Fresh Coconut Exported to China from the Philippines.

　　19. Protocol between the General Administration of Customs of the People’s Republic of China and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of the Philippines on Inspection and Quarantine Requirements for Frozen Fruits from the Philippines to China.

　　20. Memorandum of Understanding between People’s Republic of China (PRC) China International Development Cooperation Agency and the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of the Philippines on Supporting the Feasibility Study of Major Projects.

　　21. Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Diplomatic Training between China Foreign Affairs University and Philippine Foreign Affairs University

　　Twenty-two, "The Export-Import Bank of China and the Republic of the Philippines Urban Water Supply and Sewage Management Bureau on preferential export buyer’s credit loan agreement for Kaliva dam project in the Philippines"

　　XXIII. Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in Panda Bond Issuance in the Republic of the Philippines in 2018

　　XXIV. Business Contract of Ping An Philippines Phase I Project

　　25. Contract Agreement between China Energy Construction Co., Ltd. and Manila Urban Water Supply and Sewage Management Bureau of the Philippines for the New Century Water Source-Kaliva Dam Project.

　　Twenty-six, China Gezhouba Group Co., Ltd. and the Philippine Republic Base Transformation and Development Agency on the Framework Development Agreement of Clark New Town Industrial Park between China and the Philippines.

　　27. Commercial Contract for South Line of North-South Railway (Design Management Consulting Section)

　　Twenty-eight, the central bank of the Philippines issued a certificate to the representative of the Philippine Association of RMB Dealers.

　　29. Awarding Ceremony of Manila Branch of China Industrial and Commercial Bank.

"Silver Powder Skin" Lantu bosom friend debut! Appeared at the 2024 World Snooker Xi’an Grand Prix now

2024-08-19 14:58:08.0 Source: Xianning News Network

As a highly challenging and spectator sport, players display complex skills and strategies on a limited table, and there is no shortage of exciting uniqueness in their elegance, making snooker a sport that has many fans around the world.

From August 19th to 25th, the 2024 World Snooker Xi’an Grand Prix, which has attracted the attention of world snooker fans, will officially start at the Qujiang Athletic Center in Xi’an. At that time, 72 of the world’s top players such as O’Sullivan, Ding Junhui, Trump, and Selby will gather in the ancient capital to present a wonderful game for the audience. In this world competition, a variety of models under Dongfeng Lantu have been awarded the official designated car, and the Lantu Zhiyin, which is about to start pre-sale, is also among them, which will provide all-round protection for the travel of the world’s top players. This is also the first public appearance of Lantu Zhiyin in the northwest region.

It is worth mentioning that the silver-pink Lantu soulmate also made a stunning appearance in this competition. This is another interpretation of the design aesthetics of Lantu soulmate after the appearance of Mambo Green. Lantu is well versed in the subtle connection between color and emotion, fusing the softness of pink with the power of modern design to create a color experience that is both fashionable and emotional, and is bound to become a gentle and unique scenery in the event.

"The Force Flight" design concept, the stunning arena where tradition and modernity collide

The snooker competition hides competition and mystery in calm and restraint, and is much loved by the public for its strong ornamental and unique quiet beauty. Lantu’s confidant, as the official designated car of the 2024 World Snooker Xi’an Grand Prix, will also add a beautiful scenery to this world-class event with its unique design that combines traditional Chinese aesthetics and future aesthetics.

The design concept of Lan Tu’s bosom friend originated from "The Force Flight", and the appearance adopts the family-style Kunpeng design language. The smooth and tension-free curve runs through the whole car, and the wheelbase-to-length ratio is close to 0.618. The body design and natural and smooth lines are comparable to the golden ratio, which together give Lan Tu’s bosom friend a body posture like "Kunpeng" in ancient Chinese mythology soaring in the sky, showing freedom and fearlessness.

The front face of Lantu’s bosom friend adopts a closed grille design of the same color that is perfectly integrated with the body. The simple and neat lines outline a tall and straight outline, creating a sense of future technology. The integrated LED light strip is dotted on it, and the slender headlight design is simple and atmospheric, giving the entire front face a high-level texture.

The through-type LED light strip at the tail of the Landscape Friend complements the double vertical wing tail lights, effectively improving the recognition of night driving; the design of the spoiler tail and diffuser further enhances the sports atmosphere and stability of the vehicle, adding a guarantee for the players to travel at night.

71% oversized room rate, super comfortable and quiet cockpit to protect every player

Every defense and counterattack of snooker players on the field touches the hearts of the audience, and every time they go all out on the field is a consumption and challenge of the players’ mental and physical strength. Lantu Zhiyin is committed to providing the best "personal space" for the players, so that they can fully rest and relax every time they travel.

Landmap’s confidant has a room acquisition rate of up to 71%, as well as 969 mm of rear legroom, combined with 10-layer zero-pressure comfortable seats made of high-quality DINAMICA imitation suede material, making the riders feel like they are in the "cloud"; the clever use of low-wind noise body design, front windshield acoustic glass and multiple sound insulation technologies creates a quiet and deep-sea-like crew cabin, allowing the riders to enjoy true comfort and relaxation after intense competition.

The car is also equipped with a 15.05-inch OLED curved edge sliding screen and a built-in Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295 flagship chip, which not only ensures the smooth operation of the car system, but also supports the intelligent voice interaction system in the four-tone zone, allowing the contestants to fully experience the convenience of "moving their mouth without hands". The super-sized screen and rich entertainment experience will allow every contestant to enjoy a pleasant entertainment time anytime, anywhere.

"985" straight-A student strength, showing Chinese quality to the world

The 2024 World Snooker Xi’an Grand Prix is an international event facing the world. On such a world-class stage, Lantu’s confidant stands out and becomes the official designated car of the event, which is a high recognition of the quality and strength of Lantu cars.

As a high-end smart new energy brand under Dongfeng Motor, Lantu Automobile carries Dongfeng’s 55 years of car-making technology and resource accumulation, strong self-research strength, strict production and manufacturing standards, and gives its products excellent performance and five-star safety standards.

As the master of Lantu’s automotive technology, Lantu Zhiyin can be called a "985" straight-A student of the rim, with three core indicators: "9" – the battery life is up to 901 kilometers, and the super long battery life is due to the new generation of Lantu amber batteries. The battery adopts the highest 212Wh/kg Top-level energy density battery pack in the independent research and development industry. It has high specific energy single cells and four lightweight designs. It can be charged once and run for one month; "8" – With the blessing of the 800V silicon carbide platform in the whole world, the CLTC standard operating efficiency of Lantu Zhiyin’s electric drive system reaches 92.5%; "5" – The application of 5C super fast charging technology allows Lantu Zhiyin to easily achieve a 15-minute charge and a battery life of 515km. Landmap will demonstrate the leadership and strength of China’s new energy to the world through world-class events.

Stick to the original intention of the brand and strive to create a better car life

As a high-end new energy brand under Dongfeng, since its establishment, Lantu Automobile has always adhered to the original intention of "letting cars drive dreams and empower a better life", and is committed to creating a travel experience that exceeds expectations for users.

Now that the 2024 World Snooker Xi’an Grand Prix is about to start, Lantu’s confidant, as the master of the brand’s essence, will assume the heavy responsibility of the officially designated car, relying on its unique aesthetic design, comfortable ride experience, and excellent pure electric performance to escort the players’ every trip in the exciting event.

Lantu Automobile will also use world-class events to showcase its latest technological achievements and product concepts in the field of new energy vehicles in an all-round way, and is committed to becoming an "excellent business card" for China’s new energy vehicle industry, demonstrating the vigorous vitality of China’s new energy industry to the world.

In the future, Lantu Automobile will continue to promote the high-end development of China’s new energy vehicles as its own mission, adhering to the brand mission, adhere to the user-centered, create a new experience of pure electric travel; adhere to quality as the guarantee, focus on creating high-quality products; adhere to technology as the driving force, and continue to promote the brand upward.

　　The flowing epic — — Cycling of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal "

　　Author: Liu Shizhao

　　In 1981, Liu Shizhao, then a photojournalist for People’s China magazine, and Shen Xingda, a journalist, set off from Beijing and started a one-year and seven-month cycling tour of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In 2016, Lao Liu, who is nearly ancient and rare, once again traveled from Beijing to Hangzhou along the canal. In 2018, The Flowing Epic — — Riding on the Grand Canal was published by Beijing Publishing Group. In the past 40 years, great changes have taken place in China, and the ancient Grand Canal witnessed all this.

　　Brief introduction of the author

　　Liu Shizhao, born on December 6, 1948 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province, is an important member of the April Film Festival, a well-known photographer, the grandson of Liu Wenhui, and a former photojournalist of People’s China magazine. His photography career began around 1962, and his grandfather bought him the first exclusive camera in his life, the "Friendship" brand, which cost 19 yuan. After the Cultural Revolution, he went to Inner Mongolia to "reform" labor. In 1973, my grandfather went home to take care of his illness, and I began to learn photography from then on. During the April 5th Movement in the spring of 1976, he took hundreds of photos, and many of his works were selected by the album Mourning for the People, the film Raising an Eyebrow and Pulling out the Sword, and the film exhibition People Love the Prime Minister for the People. In the spring of 1979, he participated in the activity of creating the "April Film Festival" in Beijing.

　　Creation background

　　On June 19th, 1981, Liu Shizhao, then a photojournalist for People’s China magazine, and Shen Xingda, then a journalist, set out from Beijing and embarked on the journey of "Cycling Tour of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal", starting their first discovery journey by riding the Grand Canal. One year and seven months later, on January 17, 1983, I ended my interview in Hangzhou and fulfilled my dream of riding the Grand Canal for the first time.

△ On June 19, 1981, Shen Xingda (right) and Liu Shizhao (left) were about to leave Beijing to embark on the journey of riding the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

　　Time has traveled for 35 years. In the early spring of 2016, Liu Shizhao once again embarked on the road of riding the Grand Canal with the dreams of two people.

△ The picture shows Liu Shizhao taking a photo in front of Zhou Enlai’s former residence

　　After 68 days, riding 2156 kilometers, I finally completed my wish to shoot the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal for the second time after 35 years. Thirty-five years is not a short course for life, but it is only a moment for the 2500-year-old Grand Canal.

　　The feeling of riding twice can be described as a huge contrast. At that time, green travel was still blank in people’s ideas at that time, and it seemed reasonable to arouse people’s doubts. Nowadays, groups of cyclists are often encountered on the road, ranging from students, young people to retired old people. The group of cyclists is growing, which is bound to have a strong supporting role for green travel. Riding on the beautiful bicycle lane by Hongze Lake, Liu Shizhao feels that advocating green travel needs more government support, and it is best to have specific measures to implement it.

　　This time, "revisiting the old place", Liu Shizhao said that the biggest feeling is a word "change". Riding for the first time was in the early days of reform and opening up. At that time, people’s clothes were so simple in cities and villages along the canal, with low and old houses, narrow streets and few vehicles. The rowing boats in the canal made a "squeaky" sound, which broke the calm of the water … … But the wave of reform has been choppy and ready to go, and people at that time were full of longing for life. Today, 35 years later, great changes have taken place in China, and the ancient Grand Canal has witnessed all this: from the city to the countryside, people’s clothes are much cleaner, houses are taller, streets are widened, the water in the canal is more clear, and there are more motor boats in the river … … Everything, both familiar and unfamiliar. Undoubtedly, the great achievements of reform and opening up have benefited the people in general, and their lives have changed dramatically. However, those antique traditional buildings that disappear with urbanization, those folk customs that gradually fade away, those sewage that is still secretly discharged, and those factories that vomit black smoke make people feel lost.

　　In the face of these changes and invariance, Liu Shizhao’s mood is also rotating between joy, incomprehension, regret and anger. But as a photographer, Liu Shizhao decided to record what he saw as much as possible — — Because this is the history of the canal. Whether it is good or bad is for future generations to judge.

　　The photos taken by two rides are only fragments for the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, but these fragments have left the image history of the canal. Liu Shizhao hopes that more people will participate, and recording the canal and history with images will be valuable in the future.

　　book review

　　What is the concept of more than 30 years? It is the "standing" time for a whole generation. Specifically speaking, it is the time for today’s "post-80 s" to become a pillar of society from birth to growth. How has the Grand Canal changed in a generation since the great social transformation in China? This is an interesting question. Riding the grand canal again, looking back, is a change of more than 30 years; Looking ahead is the starting point for recording new changes.

　　— — Liu Shiding (Professor of Sociology Department of Peking University, Adjunct Professor of Sociology Department of Zhejiang University)

　　works appreciation

　　Beijing-Tongzhou

　　Tongzhou in Beijing, as a waterway metropolis and a royal pier, is the starting point of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The burning lighthouse in Tongzhou was built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and it is 13 stories high. It is a landmark beside the Grand Canal in ancient Tongzhou area. When you look at it from a distance, you will know that you have arrived in Beijing. Today, at the starting point of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in Tongzhou, a hydrophilic canal park has been built, which has become a place for people to relax. In the near future, Tongzhou will become the administrative sub-center of Beijing, and new landmarks will appear beside the Grand Canal in the future.

△ In 1981, Beijing Tongzhou Lighthouse

△ In 2016, as Tongzhou will become the administrative sub-center of Beijing, the lighthouse has lost its role as a landmark, and new landmarks will appear on the side of the Grand Canal in the future.

△ In 1981, the "Lions Club at Erzha" in Qingfeng Village, next to Tonghui River in Beijing, was circulated among the people, "Lions Club at Erzha floats", which is what it was about.

△ In 2016, the northern starting point of Tongzhou Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

　　Tianjin

　　Tianjin is built on the Haihe River, and people’s lives here are inseparable from the Haihe River, the mother river. At that time, the banks of the Haihe River at night were not as bright and dark as they are now, and naturally became a good place for lovers to date. Today, when I came to the waterfront, the high-rise buildings on both sides of the strait were brightly lit at night. Foreign tourists came to the waterfront to take photos, while local residents came here for a walk, fishing and fitness. Haihe River, the largest river in North China, is also the junction of the North Canal and the South Canal.

△ In 1981, overlooking Tianjin.

△ In 1981, the mustard garden water plant was built in 1903 along the Nanyun River in Tianjin.

△ In 1981, the legacy of water transportation in Tianjin Hexi Affairs — — Fried oil cake

△ In 2016, Yang Youhua, who runs the big oil cake business in Hexi Affairs,

△ In 2016, Sanchakou, Tianjin, the intersection of South Canal (left) and Haihe River, and Yongle Bridge on Haihe River on the right — — "Tianjin Eye" Ferris wheel

　　Cangzhou

　　The Cangzhou section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal starts from Liyoutun Village in Qing County in the north and reaches the sixth village in Wuqiao in the south. It flows through Qingxian County, Cangxian County, Cangzhou City, Botou, Nanpi, Dongguang and Wuqiao, with a total length of 253 kilometers. Cangzhou is the longest city in the 20 cities where the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal flows. For hundreds of years, ships with high mast and long pole, large and small, have been loading and unloading here, and Tianjin and Guangzhou in the north and Qilu in Nantong are bustling and endless. Shore tea houses, medicine shops, cloth shops, pot markets, and grain warehouses of wineries are crowded with merchants, which have become an important part of Cangzhou’s urban and rural economic belt.

△ In 1981, Xingji Town, Qingxian County was the largest mule and horse market in China at that time.

△ In 2016, the night view of Qingxian County

Not far from Cangzhou, Bozhen is a famous foundry town in China. The Iron Lion, a landmark of Cangzhou, which was cast in the third year of Guangxun in the late Zhou Dynasty (953) — — "Zhenhai" is the largest cast iron work of art in ancient China, and it is said that it weighed 40 tons when it was first cast! The picture shows that on July 29th, 1981, Liu Shizhao and Shen Xingda took a group photo in front of Cangzhou Iron Lion.

△ In 2016, Cangzhou Iron Lion

　　Linqing

　　A great deal of sediment deposited by the flood of the Yellow River has brought extraordinary harvest to Linqing, Shandong Province. This kind of silted soil, called "Lotus Soil", has fine soil quality, moderate proportion of sand and soil, and the burned tribute brick is hard and nonporous, and is not afraid of corrosion. Therefore, emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties chose it to build Beijing City. Therefore, Linqing people always say that "Linqing burned out Beijing". In the 1960s, under the impact of low-priced small red bricks, the production of tribute bricks disappeared completely. In recent years, with the strengthening of cultural relics protection, the demand for tribute bricks has increased again. Mr. Jing Lao’s family started a brick factory with the ancestral firing skills, and his bricks were even exported overseas — — Linqing tribute brick has been resurrected.

△ In 1981, Linqing Ferry of Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

△ The "non-legacy" inheritor of Linqing tribute brick firing technology, 77-year-old Jing Yongxiang’s brick kiln is being installed.

　　Liaocheng

　　Liaocheng is located at the intersection of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Yellow River. In the history of water transportation for more than 400 years, Liaocheng has always been an important commodity distribution center. Liaocheng Shanshan Guild Hall, located beside the Grand Canal, is a witness to the prosperous grain transportation. It is said that when Liaocheng was prosperous, there were eight such halls, but now only one Shanshan Hall is left, which is even more precious.

△ In 2016, dongchang lake outside Liaocheng, the "Jiangbei Water City"

△ In 1981, the Grand Canal in front of the Shanshan Guild Hall had dried up, and several sheep were eating grass leisurely on the riverbed, which made people feel extremely desolate.

△ See you again in Shanshan Guild Hall in 2016. The biggest change is the Grand Canal in front of the door.

　　Jining

　　Jining, where the Ming and Qing Dynasties both set up the highest administrative organization to manage and govern the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal — — River governor yamen, so Jining can be called the canal capital. As the national transportation artery, the canal promoted the prosperity of commodity economy in Jining, and also gave birth to the splendid canal culture in Jining.

△ In 1981, Jining Canal Wharf

△ In 2016, the canal flowing through Jining City

　　weishan lake

　　Starting from Jining, pass Yutai to Weishan, and cross the secondary dam in the middle of Nansi Lake on the way. Nansi Lake is the floorboard of Nanyang Lake, dushan lake Lake, Zhaoyang Lake and Weishan Lake in the south of Jining. The second dam consists of four sluice gates, which cut Nansi Lake into upper and lower levels, and play a role in storing water and discharging flood. When I boarded the dam, I saw a spectacular scene of water and sky for the first time: fishing boats on the lake; On the shore of the lake, fishermen are drying their fishing nets and shrimp cages, which suddenly makes people feel the strong life breath brought by water.

△ In 1981, the ferry in Weishan Lake

△ In 2016, fishermen who used osprey to fish at Weishan Lake

　　Huaian

　　Huai ‘an plays an important role in the history of water transportation. It was once the hub of water transportation and the hub of salt transportation. In history, Huai ‘an is also known as the "four metropolises" along the canal with Suzhou, Hangzhou and Yangzhou. Go through Huaiyin District of Huai ‘an City, walk along the newly-built Xiangyu Avenue, next to the clear and beautiful Central Canal, and soon arrive at Zhenhuai House, the downtown of Huai ‘an District. In the north of Zhenhuai House, there is the ruins of the Governor’s Office of Grain Transportation, which was the only institution that was in charge of national grain transportation in history.

△ In 1982, the Zhenshui Iron Bull at Hongze Lake in Gaojiayan, Huai ‘an

△ In 2016, Zhenshui Big Iron Bull at Hongze Lake in Jiangba, Huai ‘an

△ In 1982, Zhenhuai House, Huai ‘an

△ In 2016, the street garden behind Zhenhuai House in Huai ‘an became a good place for citizens to relax.

　　Yangzhou

　　For thousands of years, rich historical and cultural remains have been left along the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, giving birth to famous ancient towns, and Yangzhou is one of them. The world-famous Slender West Lake is a banded landscape composed of the water system of the Grand Canal in Sui and Tang Dynasties and the moats in Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It has always maintained an interactive relationship with the Grand Canal. It is a tributary of the Grand Canal and a unique cultural landscape on the Grand Canal.

△ In 1982, Yangzhou City was overlooked, and Wenchang Pavilion was in the middle of the road in the distance.

△ In 2016, Yangzhou City overlooks, and Wenchang Pavilion is in the far road.

△ In 1982, Yangzhou Grand Canal Royal Wharf

△ In 2016, Yangzhou Grand Canal Royal Wharf

△ In 1982, I saw the "Three Bays in Yangzhou" and the Wenfeng Tower by the canal.

△ In 2016, Wenfeng Temple and Wenfeng Tower in Yangzhou

　　Zhenjiang

　　On the south bank of the Yangtze River, Zhenjiang has a history of more than 2,500 years, which is a magnificent epic with many voices. The Yangtze River and the Grand Canal meet here, forming the "Golden Cross Waterway" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The unique geographical position makes Zhenjiang an important commercial port in the north and south of the Canal. In this beautiful "urban mountain forest", the Yangtze River and the Canal depict the blending of Central Plains culture and Jiangnan culture with a horizontal and vertical brushwork, showing the collision between history and modernity. Xiaomatou Street by the Yangtze River, also known as Xijin Gudu, is an old street that was built in the Six Dynasties, and remains of Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties still remain on the street. In ancient times, it used to be a dock on the Yangtze River. With the deposition of sediment along the Yangtze River, it is now more than 300 meters away from the river.

△ In 1982, the raft station on the Yangtze River in Zhenjiang

△ In 2016, Zhenjiang City was overlooked from the top of Beigu Mountain.

△ In 1982, Xijin Gudu Xiaomatou Street in Zhenjiang took a sunset photo.

△ In 2016, tourists from Xijin Gudu in Zhenjiang were woven.

　　Wuxi

　　Wuxi is a city born and prospered by canals. The convenience of canal navigation made Wuxi in the old days rank among the "four rice markets". As early as the heyday of grain transportation in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Wuxi was already a famous grain market in the south of the Yangtze River, a concentrated place for grain transportation in Taihu Lake Basin and Zhejiang Province. After the reform and opening up, Wuxi rice market was active, and its business spread all over the country. Sanliqiao, a suburb, was the largest grain and oil market in China, ranking first among the four rice markets in 1990.

△ In 1982, it passed through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in downtown Wuxi.

△ In 2016, it flowed through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in downtown Wuxi.

△ In 1982, citizens practicing stone locks on Huishan in Wuxi in the morning.

△ In 2016, citizens who practiced stone locks on Huishan in Wuxi in the morning.

　　Suzhou

　　Suzhou is a typical Jiangnan ancient city with small bridges and flowing water. Suzhou section of the Grand Canal was first excavated in the Spring and Autumn Period, which is the embryonic form of the Jiangnan Canal. It became an important channel of the Grand Canal in China from the Sui Dynasty and basically took shape in the middle of the Tang Dynasty. After the Tang Dynasty, the Suzhou section of the Canal was built and dredged, but it kept the basic trend of the Grand Canal and still plays an important role in transportation, cultural tourism and so on. Suzhou ancient city water network is one of the water systems of the ancient Grand Canal, and the historical and cultural heritage of the ancient city is an important part of the Grand Canal civilization. Suzhou, a water city, is a unique urban cultural landscape of the Grand Canal and an outstanding example of the integration of ancient city building and water conservancy technology.

△ In 1982, Suzhou Shantang River

△ In 1982, for the sake of safety, the children of Suzhou Canal boatmen were tied to the boat with ropes.

△ In 1986, a crowded cargo ship in the Jiangnan Canal in Suzhou

△ In 2016, the newly-built villas in Suzhou also retained the traditional architectural forms.

　　Hangzhou

　　Tangqi Town, 20 kilometers away from downtown Hangzhou, is an ancient town built in the Northern Song Dynasty. The Grand Canal flows through the center of the town. In history, merchants gathered here, ranking first among the "Top Ten Towns in the South of the Yangtze River". The 78.7-meter-long Guangji Long Bridge across the Grand Canal (also known as Tongji Bridge) is still showing its grandeur to people. Leave Tangqi Town and ride for 1 hour to Gongchen Bridge, the landmark at the southernmost tip of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. In ancient times, "Chen" refers to the place where the emperor lived, and "arch" means to pay tribute, so the name of the bridge has the meaning of welcoming the emperor who made a southern tour. On December 25, 1982, I arrived here with Shen Xingda by bike, which ended the first interview with the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal by bike.

△ In 1982, the bamboo and wood furniture market next to Guangji Long Bridge (Tongji Bridge) in Tangqi Town, Hangzhou

△ In 2016, Guangji Long Bridge (Tongji Bridge) in Tangqi Town, Hangzhou

△ In 1982, the street corridor beside the Grand Canal in Tangqi Town, Yuhang, Hangzhou

△ In 2016, the street corridor beside the canal in Tangqi Ancient Town, Hangzhou

△ In 1982, it was a suburb of Hangzhou, surrounded by many factories: Zhejiang Mafang Factory, Silk Printing and Dyeing Factory, First Cotton Mill, Huafeng Paper Mill, etc. It was the cradle of modern national industry in Hangzhou.

△ In 2016, the Canal Culture Square and the China Grand Canal Museum were built on the east bank of Gongchen Bridge, and the west bank has become a historical and cultural protection block after renovation.

　　(Source/system of canals Editor/liujing)

　　Zhongxin Finance April 26th (Reporter Li Jinlei) What are the characteristics of the individual pension system? Why is the annual payment ceiling 12,000 yuan? How to participate? What are the benefits of personal participation?

　　On the 25th, the heads of relevant departments such as the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security made an authoritative response at the routine briefing of the State Council policy. Let’s watch together.

　　What are the characteristics of individual pension system?

　　The individual pension system is different from the basic old-age insurance, which is enforced by the state.Personal pension is voluntarily participated by individuals.Unlike enterprise annuities and occupational annuities, which are established by employers and their employees and paid together,Personal pension is only paid by individuals.

　　Generally speaking, the personal pension system belongs to the supplementary pension insurance system supported by government policies, voluntary participation by individuals and market-oriented operation.

　　Jong Li, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the personal pension system has three characteristics: First, government policy support. Encourage the insured to actively participate by giving preferential tax support. The second is personal voluntariness. That is, if you have the basics first and then the supplements, you must participate in the basic old-age insurance first. With this condition, everyone can voluntarily participate in the personal pension. The third is market-oriented operation. Personal pension contributions can be used to purchase financial products such as bank wealth management, savings deposits, commercial pension insurance and Public Offering of Fund.In other words, what to buy and when to buy are all decided by the participants.

　　Why is the upper limit of payment 12,000 yuan?

　　According to the regulations, the maximum annual personal pension for participants is 12,000 yuan.

　　Nie Mingxi, director of the Department of Endowment Insurance of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, pointed out that this is mainly based on three considerations: First, it is considered from maintaining a moderate supplementary pension level. The function of personal pension is to supplement the function of providing for the aged. The level of supplement, on the one hand, should be combined with the level of the first and second pillars, and maintain a reasonable total pension level of the three pillars. On the other hand, it is necessary to avoid a large gap in pension levels and maintain a reasonable income distribution relationship.

　　The second is to learn from the pilot practice of deferred commercial endowment insurance in the previous period. Combined with the pilot situation, the personal pension has adopted a fixed amount method, which is relatively simple, and the annual total amount has also maintained convergence.

　　The third is to reflect incremental reform. The initial stage is 12,000 yuan. With the economic and social development and the increase of per capita disposable income in urban and rural areas, the upper limit of payment will be gradually raised in time to better meet the people’s needs for supplementary pension.

　　How to participate in personal pension?

　　Nie Mingjuan pointed out: First, the conditions for participation are relatively simple. At present, the number of people participating in the basic old-age insurance is 1.03 billion, among which, no matter what kind of employment form the employees are, that is, whether they are employed by the unit or flexible employees, they are not restricted by the employment area and household registration, so long as individuals voluntarily participate in this system fairly, and their rights and interests will not be affected when they move across provinces and regions.

　　Second, the way of participation is more flexible. In terms of participation, participants decide whether to participate in the whole process or part of the year, and in terms of payment amount and payment method,In the initial stage, as long as it does not exceed the annual payment limit of 12,000 yuan, participants can decide how much to pay, which can be paid in one lump sum or in installments this year.

　　Third, it is easier to open an account. According to the system design, it is necessary to open two accounts to participate in personal pension: one is to establish a personal pension account on the information platform for information recording, inquiry and service; The other is a personal pension fund account opened or designated in a bank for payment, purchase of products, collection of income, etc. These two accounts are unique to each other, and participants can open them in the national social insurance public service platform, the national people’s social government service platform, electronic social security cards, "Pocket 12333", commercial banks and other channels. Among them, through the channels of commercial banks, both accounts can be opened at one time.Participants can determine the account opening method and bank according to their own preferences.

　　Fourth, investment is more convenient. Participants can choose bank financing, savings deposit, commercial endowment insurance, Public Offering of Fund, etc. independently according to different preferences, and can also combine short-term, medium-term and long-term.These operations can be completed in the fund account, without running multiple departments and institutions.

　　Fifth, the collection method is more flexible. When the participants meet the conditions for receiving, they can choose to receive it monthly, in installments or in one lump sum. The commercial bank will transfer the funds from the personal account to the personal social security card bank account of the participants according to the personal choice. Under special circumstances,For example, you can also get it if you completely lose your ability to work and go abroad to settle down.

　　What are the benefits of personal participation?

　　Nie Mingjuan pointed out: First, you can enjoy preferential tax policies.The most direct benefit of individuals participating in the personal pension system is that they can enjoy the preferential tax policies of the state.Including financial products such as old-age FOF and commercial old-age insurance, eligible investment products that can be used as personal pensions are purchased by participants at their own discretion.

　　Second, it can enrich diversified pension needs. The first pillar of basic old-age insurance is to ensure basic living, and the second pillar of enterprise annuity and occupational annuity is established by the unit and plays a supplementary role in providing for the elderly. Now the personal pension has been increased, which not only adds a supplementary pension channel for those who participate in the second pillar, but also for those who do not participate in the second pillar.It also adds a channel to supplement the old-age care, enriching the participants’ diversified needs for future old-age insurance.

　　Third, it can help individuals rationally plan pension funds. After participating in the personal pension, it can be seen from the system design that the account funds are closed, and they can only enter and leave during the payment stage. Personal contributions and investment income are accumulated in the account, and they can be collected when they reach the age of receiving basic pensions. That is to say, helping participants to firmly export personal pensions is helpful for individuals to rationally plan pension funds and rationally choose investment products and investment periods.Avoid early withdrawal, thus effectively playing the role of supplementary pension.

　　Will you participate in the personal pension? (End)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Harbin, February 24 (Reporter Wang Junbao) The reporter learned from the Transportation Department of Heilongjiang Province that as of 9: 00 a.m. on February 24, all the highway toll stations temporarily closed due to the epidemic in Heilongjiang Province were unblocked and resumed traffic.

　　According to reports, with the resumption of work and production in various places, the number of vehicles passing through highways in Heilongjiang Province, especially material transport trucks, has increased significantly in recent days. Since the implementation of the toll-free policy for highways in the province at 0: 00 on February 17, there have been about 35,000 free vehicles passing through highways every day.

　　Previously, affected by the epidemic, dozens of expressway toll stations were closed in Heilongjiang Province. In order to further ensure the smooth highway network, support the resumption of work and production, and maintain normal economic and social order, the transportation department of Heilongjiang Province lifted the closure of the above toll stations.

　　According to Yuntong Company of Jiaotou Group of Heilongjiang Province, 60 service areas of 74 expressways in the province have been opened. Every day, staff members disinfect the places in the service areas, and guide travelers to go to the toilet and refuel in an orderly manner during the peak traffic hours. Keep a distance and try to avoid people gathering.

It has been 25 years since the first connected cars came out. In 1996, General Motors Corporation of the United States introduced the world’s first telematics system with the function of networked cars-OnStar, with the main purpose of safety and providing emergency assistance to accident vehicles. At first, the service only provided voice communication, and then gradually increased the sending of GPS position, remote vehicle diagnosis, navigation and so on.

Since the new century, more and more automobile manufacturers have begun to provide networked vehicle services. For example, in 2004, BMW provided online access based on mobile communication, which can check the weather and realize some office functions in the car. After 2008, Apple and Android gradually promoted the combination of mobile phones and vehicles, providing vehicles with a series of services from navigation, rescue to entertainment.

During this period, due to the demand of traffic safety, the transportation industry has gradually put forward some requirements for vehicle equipment, and some concepts such as V2I (vehicle to infrastructure), V2V (vehicle to vehicle communication), V2P (vehicle to pedestrian), V2C (vehicle to cloud communication) and V2X (vehicle to all objects communication) have appeared, so as to improve the safety of using vehicles in society.

In addition, in the context of the rise of the Internet of Things, vehicles themselves have become an integrated system of the Internet of Things. There are as many as 70 sets of systems, equipped with all kinds of testing equipment, to observe and control the operation of vehicles at all times. With the development of technology, the data and transmission mode of vehicles are more multidimensional, which makes vehicles more closely integrated with society and personal life. For example, the address book and schedule stored in the mobile phone can be shared with vehicle navigation; The priority demand of special vehicles is directly informed to all nearby vehicles and pedestrians on the way. The reasonable flow of data is making life easier, more comfortable and more predictable.

The downtown of Shanghai is full of traffic at night. The future car networking will be composed of cars, operating systems and communication services. The Paper reporter Zhou Pinglang

In recent years, the concept and application of connected cars have been very active in China, but it has also produced many confusing scenes. For example, the driver can clearly see the traffic lights at the intersection when he looks up, but in order to reflect the characteristics of car networking, the signal lights are connected to the display screen in the car intact, which makes the driver look down at the traffic lights in the car and ignore the road conditions. This is undoubtedly a dangerous situation.

Networked vehicles or car networking have great commercial prospects, and it is understandable that domestic manufacturers are eager to occupy a position. In this case, it is inevitable that there will be some exaggerated or even harmful traffic safety applications. However, if we want to develop in the long run, domestic manufacturers still need to carefully understand the driver’s needs and traffic safety knowledge, and analyze the real industry rules.

Three kinds of manufacturers developing when getting off the bus and networking.

Domestic literature on networked vehicles or vehicle networking often focuses on two communication modes: DSRC and C-V2X. The former is called dedicated short-range communications, and the latter is called Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything.

However, there is little discussion on the communication inside the vehicle and the on-board operation and control system. Some enterprises focus on the communication between OBU and RSU, even limited to navigation applications. These understandings will also affect the development of China’s car networking.

Nowadays, cars have complex networks, which can detect, sense, connect, reason and operate. Many cars have as many as 70 electronic control units (ECU), which receive more than 2,500 signals from vehicle chassis, powertrain, user interface and safety network. These basic technologies are the foundation of connected cars. It is impossible to discuss the Internet of Vehicles without the vehicle itself.

Taking navigation as an example, some vehicles can use all kinds of positioning system terminals installed by themselves, combined with the speed and angle sensors and the road conditions photographed by the camera, to know the exact location of the specific lane where the vehicle is located. Only by knowing the precise positioning of vehicles can vehicles be networked to solve various risks of road traffic safety, such as collision.

The Internet of Vehicles is inseparable from the capabilities and data of the vehicles themselves. Therefore, car dealers are one of the main participants in the car networking.

In addition, since 2008, Apple and Android have gradually enhanced in-vehicle applications in mobile phone operating systems. In recent years, the mobile phone operating system has been well connected with the vehicle control platform and exchanged data with the vehicle control platform, which has become a part of assisted driving. Take Tesla as an example. Tesla’s vehicles can control vehicle charging, vehicle air conditioning switch, sunroof switch, parking, etc. with their own operating system or applications installed on mobile phones. Even if the vehicle is tested or its performance is upgraded, it can be directly completed through the Internet, and it is an out-and-out networked vehicle.

The model pioneered by Tesla also enables many vehicle parts suppliers to embed some functions that can be communicated and controlled according to the vehicle control system or mobile phone operating system when developing products, so as to meet the market demand and increase versatility.

In the long run, will the automobile industry become a copy of the computer and mobile phone industry-operating system plus standard spare parts? It can be seen that those Internet giants with operating systems may be trying to control the right to speak in the Internet of Vehicles.

Jason Taylor， http://eve.solutions/

The Internet of Vehicles is a new industry in the world, and the ecosystem is gradually taking shape. But it may take more than ten years to have a stable market. Because in the travel industry, many new technologies are still developing, such as autonomous driving, and their processes are still affecting each other.

However, it can be expected that in the past ten years, the famous automobile manufacturers will still be the main participants. After all, whoever sells more cars will have the right to speak in the formulation of car networking standards.

However, car dealers will also encounter rivals that have never appeared before, namely mobile phone operating system developers or Internet platform companies. In the eyes of Internet giants such as Apple and Android, cars are just another kind of hardware, at most more complicated, and the core of car networking and even vehicles will be systems and applications. It is only a matter of time before Apple and Android get more involved in the automobile industry after they capture mobile phones, tablets, televisions, wearable devices and home control systems.

In the ecosystem of car networking, there is a place for communication manufacturers besides car dealers and operating system developers. The demand of networked vehicles for communication is safe, stable, reliable and fast, and the corresponding technology is difficult for car dealers and internet giants to achieve, or even if it is done, it is not cost-effective. Therefore, communication manufacturers are indispensable participants in the car networking market.

Above all, car manufacturers, internet companies and communication manufacturers are the three most important participants in the car networking market.

With the promotion of the Internet of Vehicles, the original automobile industry will gradually innovate. In the process of gradually establishing a new ecology, many enterprises that had nothing to do with vehicles can integrate into it and gain new business opportunities. The original ecology of the automobile industry may not be subverted, but it will also be integrated into the new ecology. Supporting enterprises that make hardware may be eliminated if they can’t actively integrate.

After all, in the future, people may want to use more connected vehicles with rich functions, just as smart phones gradually replace feature phones.

It is predicted that by 2025, the global shipments of connected vehicles will reach more than 77 million, and it will not take long for connected vehicles to become mainstream on the road. Networked vehicles have rich new functions, which make driving more comfortable and safe. This also means that the on-board operating system and application software will become more and more important, and the value brought by networking will gradually exceed the value of vehicle hardware itself.

Take OnStar as an example, the basic service fee is about $15 per month. Some analysts believe that drivers or insurance companies are willing to pay for remote vehicle diagnosis, anti-theft vehicles and entertainment. Just as the cumulative payment for various applications on mobile phones, such as watching videos, listening to music, reading books, etc., has gradually exceeded the price of mobile phone hardware, will there be such a trend in car networking?

When China gets off the Internet, it focuses its research and development on communication. This is related to the present situation of industrial competitiveness in China. In addition, most of the current purchasers are public sectors, and they don’t have a deep understanding of industry and technology trends, and their goals are too blind or too idealistic.

If we carefully understand the future trend of the Internet of Vehicles, we can realize that the investment in the projects of the Internet of Vehicles should be dispersed to different technical fields, so that the overall technical layout will be more balanced, and the three types of manufacturers and the main service target of the Internet of Vehicles-the technology in the field of traffic safety will be fully developed, and it should not be biased towards a certain type of technology. If no adjustment is made, China enterprises will not be able to enter the real field of car networking, and may only make large mobile phone terminals at most.

What data does the vehicle exchange with the outside?

At present, domestic reports on the Internet of Vehicles have made it difficult to distinguish between the Internet of Vehicles and large smart phones. This is related to the domestic industrial structure and the lack of research on traffic safety. If China still can’t invest enough valuable research on traffic safety, the development of car networking in China may be in the position of following manufacturers in developed countries for a long time.

Cars were not before and will never be smart phones with wheels. If there is a problem in the process of driving, it will not only be unable to restart like a mobile phone, but also cause serious accidents and even life-threatening. Therefore, in terms of security, stability, confidentiality and privacy, the standards of car networking are much higher than those of smart phones.

Modern cars contain complex and sensitive systems with a service life of at least 10 years, and some will continue to be used as second-hand cars. Ordinary smartphones usually have a service life of 2 to 3 years and are often regarded as disposable devices.

The hardware of the car should have redundancy and stability. The primary goal of vehicle manufacturing is not entertainment or comfort, but safety. In order to achieve safety, the design goal of various control systems and central processing systems of vehicles is to maintain long-term and stable performance under various working conditions, rather than pursuing high-performance computing capacity at that time.

Therefore, the vehicle we buy will not have much extra ability to handle frequent data exchange or external requests except for data processing and exchange of the preset functions of the vehicle. In other words, at present, there are many scenes set in China, and vehicles have no extra capacity to deal with them. Moreover, too much external communication and data processing, more or less appearing on the user interface, may cause the driver to be distracted and violate the safety principle. Even if the function may increase security, it should appear on the user interface carefully according to human requirements to avoid self-defeating. For example, the data exchange with the urban traffic control system on the road should be simply suggested to the driver by sound or image after processing; Or just when the driver is waiting for the red light to be free, tell him how many seconds to wait, instead of giving the timing of the front signal light while driving.

Information exchange between vehicles and the outside has always existed and is necessary. In the era when there is no data exchange ability, vehicles exchange information with the outside through headlights and horns, which can convey very limited information, such as attention, left turn and right turn, which takes a long time to convey and sometimes leads to misunderstanding. Now, the technology has developed to the ability to exchange data between vehicles and the outside.

Then, the question is, what data should the vehicle and the outside exchange?

This first needs to be understood from the driver’s needs. Buying a car is often for the sake of efficiency first. It is faster to drive children to school and commute by themselves than to walk by bus or bike, which can make the family sleep more. Secondly, comfort, such as avoiding all kinds of transfer troubles. However, the premise is safety, which is the most important factor for car owners to consider. The same is true for the demand for data exchange between vehicles and the outside. The first thing that needs to be exchanged is safety data, the second is efficiency, and the last is comfort-related data, similar to listening to songs and chasing dramas. Therefore, there are three kinds of data exchange and application functions to be realized by the Internet of Vehicles: traffic safety, travel efficiency and entertainment, and the importance is from high to low, and the requirements for real-time communication are also from high to low. As shown in the figure below.

Vehicles are huge and complex systems. For vehicles, the function of vehicle networking is not an independent or plug-in system, but a part of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). The development of vehicles has always been accompanied by the development of assisted driving system. Traditional auxiliary systems include steering wheel booster which is convenient for the driver to hit the steering wheel, and anti-lock braking system (ABS) which prevents the vehicle from being uncontrollable due to tire locking. Modern vehicles are equipped with more devices to assist drivers in driving, such as lane keeping assistance system with cameras to assist drivers not to deviate from the lane, and front anti-rear-end collision warning system with radar to detect the distance and speed of the preceding vehicle, which can help drivers to drive easily.

The function of car networking is to add more information to the existing driving assistance function. For example, the speed and position data of the front, rear, left and right vehicles, knowing the road alignment and roadside edge conditions, and knowing whether there is a construction work area or weather conditions ahead, these new data, combined with the original data of the auxiliary driving system, will make the vehicles stronger and safer. Even self-driving vehicles also need driving assistance, and the information provided by the Internet of Vehicles can also improve the safety of self-driving.

The essence of the Internet of Vehicles is to improve the assisted driving ability of vehicles, whether it is manual driving or automatic driving. The vehicle networking system is inseparable from the system of the vehicle itself. If the plug-in vehicle terminal of Internet of Vehicles can’t be closely integrated with the vehicle system itself, but is only a large mobile phone screen, it can only realize entertainment function and part of efficiency function at most, so it can’t be called real Internet of Vehicles, and it can’t be regarded as a vehicle driving assistance system.

For these plug-in car networking systems, the communication delay requirements become irrelevant. Because the requirement of low communication delay in vehicle networking is aimed at the requirement of data exchange between vehicle systems. For example, some car networking applications with collision warning require communication delay of 0.1 seconds or less, so that vehicles can react automatically and act immediately to avoid collision. The plug-in system is difficult to combine with the vehicle system and cannot remind the vehicle control system to act. If this information is provided to the driver, and the communication delay of 0.01 second, 0.1 second or even 1 second is not much different from the driver’s reaction ability, then it is meaningless to discuss whether the communication of vehicle networking is DSRC or C-V2X, or the difference between 4G and 5G mobile communication.

The Internet of Vehicles should be the first part of the assisted driving system. On this basis, it can be used as a platform for vehicles to exchange data with the outside. If it is a large mobile phone terminal function that plays music and watches videos, or gives drivers a lot of external information such as speed limit and weather for viewing or choosing, it is actually not the core content of the Internet of Vehicles. Few people are willing to spend tens of thousands of dollars to buy a large mobile phone terminal and install it in the car to catch up with the drama. This will not bring benefits to vehicle sales.

After all, the significance of car networking to car manufacturers is the increase in vehicle sales and profits, and the significance to drivers lies in safety. This is the real reason why all kinds of manufacturers and public departments spend money to research and develop the Internet of Vehicles.

We must abandon words and develop the Internet of Vehicles in a down-to-earth manner.

Since the Internet of Vehicles is a part of the assisted driving system, the development focus of the Internet of Vehicles technology is of course vehicles: improving the cost performance of vehicles and forming a more profitable business model.

This is the same as other new technologies emerging in the transportation industry in recent years. The business models behind autonomous driving, car sharing, and easy service are all for profit. Of course, for society, the new business model will also bring benefits about safety or efficiency.

At present, the commercial meaning of new terms in the transportation industry, such as vehicle-road coordination, remote sensing intelligent driving, intelligent network connection and high-precision map, is often ignored in the corresponding discussion, and its connotation and extension are expanded at will through imagination, forming a lot of specious words.

For example, there are often articles that say, "In a block with an Internet of Vehicles network, pedestrians or other targets are connected to the traffic control system, and the information on the road will share the location information with the approaching vehicles through the cloud. After the vehicles perceive it, they will take the initiative to avoid it." If you think about it carefully, no matter from the technical or commercial point of view, this kind of formulation is confusing.

Technically speaking, first, will there be such a powerful neighborhood? What is the accuracy rate of such a neighborhood with accurate information? Will there be worse results if it is inaccurate? Second, how much information should be transmitted to the vehicle, whether the vehicle has the ability to receive or process this information, and whether it will cause an accident due to system crash? Third, after the vehicle senses it, it will take the initiative to avoid it. Who does this initiative mean, stepping on the brakes to avoid it, the driver or the vehicle assisted driving system? From a commercial point of view, what is the cost of building such a block with accurate information? Who will receive the money? And so on and so forth.

The new technology recognized by the market is either to reduce costs or improve efficiency, or both. The same is true for the Internet of Vehicles. It is not very useful to emphasize the advanced or novel technology. Whether it is the cloud or the coordination of vehicles and roads, if it does not conform to the rules of the market economy, it will be abandoned sooner or later. And transferring part of the cost from the end-user driver to the public sector, hoping that the road or city management department will bear the cost of car networking promotion, which actually secretly cuts away the money of medical care, education and old-age care for ordinary people. Is this good or bad for us?

The development of car networking industry should follow the principle of market economy. Simply put, it means low cost, users benefit and strong competitiveness. From the previous analysis, the Internet of Vehicles is an industry that is beneficial to safety, efficiency and comfort, and it is an emerging industry that conforms to the principles of market economy. There is a consensus on the corresponding bright future, and the problem lies in the path of development. If the path goes wrong, the industry will still develop, and we will fall behind.

The above-mentioned confusing scenes often appear in the press releases of manufacturers or the words of industry researchers, and often become the reasons for project establishment. However, it can’t be justified when it is true. The speaker often slips from the concept of car networking to the field of collaborative intelligent transportation, and then turns to the concept of autonomous driving. The explanation is erratic and can only be made up by words. Although words are beautiful, they are of no help to industry.

With the advantages of huge scale and complete types in manufacturing industry and logistics industry, as well as the advantages of related systems, the environment for developing car networking in China is very superior. However, in the development planning of car networking in some regions and industrial associations in China, there are often ambiguous new words, big words and function words, which express the idealized scene setting-assuming that there is data, the data transmission is stable, reliable and credible; Suppose you are capable and powerful but you don’t know who the subject is. You know, the Internet of Vehicles has to study the degree of "stability, reliability and credibility", rather than taking these contents that should be the focus of promotion as existing assumptions. This arbitrary setting discards the real content that should be studied in the Internet of Vehicles, and also makes the path development too arbitrary. As long as language processing, no matter what kind of scene, can become a part of the car networking industry and be supported, so the bubble gradually accumulates.

China’s car networking industry should be promoted by three kinds of car networking related manufacturers, and the details of vehicles, internet and communication are indispensable. The relevant public departments, such as laws and roads, should make demands on laws, privacy, public attitudes and road safety to guide and assist manufacturers to make progress.

Like manufacturers, the public sector is an integral part of the industry, but it is not the protagonist, and it should not be the main buyer of the development of the car networking industry. Buyers can only be drivers, transportation companies and other social institutions with travel needs. If the public sector gives corresponding support, mainly to pay for projects, rather than strengthening rules, protecting public interests and purchasing public services, it will mislead the development direction of the Internet of Vehicles, making it difficult for manufacturers to get rid of public funds, or even the path deviation.

The long-term existence of OnStar, the first application of the Internet of Vehicles, proves that ordinary drivers are the buyers that the Internet of Vehicles should pay attention to. Under the public sector’s capital investment, the corresponding situation should not be worse than no investment.

As a manufacturing country with a large population, China’s public sector should invest more rationally and intelligently to encourage industrial development. Even if investment or subsidies, should also be based on the sense of gain of the people as an indicator of evaluation and measurement, such as the following:

First, in terms of public services, a demonstration of the application of car networking is formed, which aims at the second type of application of car networking: efficiency, and measures the application of car networking with the final efficiency progress. Public transport, urban freight transport, municipal vehicles, official vehicles and special vehicles in China should cooperate with the application and promotion of vehicle networking manufacturers to improve their service capabilities. For example, paying for ambulances and fire engines to arrive at the scene quickly, taking the efficiency of response and arrival as the payment condition, and really promoting the industry.

Second, encourage close integration with car networking enterprises, and form car networking applications in closed sites or fixed lines such as parking lots, bus stops, office parks, industrial parks, etc. This still belongs to the efficiency category, and use car networking technology to improve the safety and efficiency of closed sites. However, before these applications are implemented, the objectives and evaluation methods should be clear. For example, improve the punctuality rate of buses, promise the reliability of bus services, and pay service fees according to punctuality.

Third, we should select some vehicle networking applications, such as weather service on expressways, early warning in construction areas, giving priority to signals of special vehicles at intersections, and promoting road safety and efficiency, and make practical application results in some cities and expressways.

tag

Regardless of legislation or technology research and development, Europe is several years ahead of China in the field of car networking. This is related to the advantages of traditional industries in Europe. However, China still has the opportunity to catch up, and it also has certain industrial advantages, such as communication and Internet services. However, the operation of enterprises can only be successful if they truly conform to the laws of the market and make technologies that make people truly feel gained. In the car networking industry, commercial success means technological leadership. After all, the growth of car sales and service profits means the sustainable development of car networking.

However, the situation with words and the creation of new terms as the core should not be encouraged, and it should not be allowed to become an obstacle to the development of China’s car networking.

(Author Guo Min is a traffic engineer in Hangzhou)

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The design of BMW i4 is full of futuristic and sporty flavor. In the front part, the iconic kidney-shaped air intake grille has been redesigned to present a unique closed shape, which not only highlights the identity of new energy vehicles, but also takes into account aerodynamic performance. The LED headlights on both sides are outlined with sharp lines, which adds a sense of science and technology to the vehicle. The whole body line is smooth and dynamic, combined with the low body posture, which perfectly interprets BMW’s understanding of high-performance electric vehicles.

The body size of BMW i4 is 4785 * 1852 * 1455mm, and the wheelbase is 2856mm. The front track is 1601 mm and the rear track is 1630 mm, which gives it a stable driving posture and excellent handling performance. The side lines of the car are smooth and dynamic. With the tyre size of the front 245/45 R18 and the rear 255/45 R18, and the unique rim style, the overall sense of movement and visual impact are further enhanced.

The interior design of BMW i4 combines modern technology with luxury atmosphere, and the center console is equipped with a 14.9-inch touch screen, which provides an intuitive interactive experience for drivers. The steering wheel is made of leather, which supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, ensuring the comfort of drivers in different body shapes and sitting positions. The car is also equipped with the wireless charging function of the front mobile phone, which is convenient for mobile devices to charge at any time. In terms of seats, i4 provides a variety of choices, including imitation leather, genuine leather and fabric/suede mix-and-match. The front seat has the heating function and supports a variety of adjustment methods, such as front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment, leg rest adjustment and waist support, which provides high comfort and meets individual needs.

The motor of BMW i4 has excellent power output performance, with the maximum power of 250 kW and the peak torque of 430 Nm, which brings a surging power experience to drivers.

Although the configuration parameters of Series I 3, 5 and X3 are almost the same, BMW i4 still attracts many eyes because of its unique design and import status. He confidently said: "The big nostrils are not mediocre at first glance. People who drive out are guessing at 600,000. I am embarrassed." This not only shows the high-value personality of i4, but also makes people have a deeper understanding of its value and quality.

1905 movie network news A few days ago, after the romantic comedy starring Liu Qingyun, You Jingru, Kong Wei, Lin Xue, Pan Yueming, and the well-known successfully held the "Wonderful Elephant Heaven Opening" press conference and advanced screening, the film official presented the audience with the "Rural Bollywood Edition" poster and the "Elephant Dance" promotional music MV, which made the audience much addicted before the release, and some viewers said that they had started to count down in their hearts and couldn’t wait for the film to be released.

The official also recently held "Banana Recruitment · Love Feeding Elephants" activities all over the country, because the elephant’s food intake is much larger than we thought, each elephant needs to eat 125 kilograms of elephant grass every day to feed, and one year, an elephant may really "eat up" a zoo! This love activity advocates that everyone donate small donations to buy bananas and elephant grass, cherish various zoos with elephants, and feed the elephants in the zoo with a large amount of food. Many friends, big and small, also approached the elephants with the staff to personally feed the lovely elephant.

　

Rural Bollywood, wandering and wandering, interpreting love and dreams

　

In the poster of the "Rural Bollywood Edition" released, a group of starring actors stood up and lined up, and the elephants behind them raised their noses to the sky as if they were about to take off. The starring actors were dressed in colorful circus costumes, full of "Rural Bollywood" temperament. As the C-leader of "Rural Bollywood", Lao Qi, the circus leader played by Liu Qingyun, charged in front, facing the unbearable weight of life with his kind smile in the battle for survival without a way out. The heroine You Jingru, with a slight horror and confusion in her eyes, hid behind Lao Qi. Is she Lao Qi’s "real enemy" or "real teammate"? People can’t help but look forward to the love and killing between her as an animal protector and the circus elder Qi.

The first sister of the circus, Monroe, played by Kong Wei, stands behind Lao Qi, and her actions are full of enchanting elegance. Her character is beautiful in appearance and righteous in behavior, and she is deeply loved by the members of the group. Lao Jin, played by Lin Xue, has a helpless face, but he also shows a hint of honesty and cuteness. Yang Le, a Dream Garden executive played by Pan Yueming, and Song Wen, a domineering female president played by Known, are still elite, standing and watching from the sidelines. There are also more new faces in this poster: Director Xiao, a female policewoman played by Xia Xing, is a confidante who has been secretly helping Lao Qi, and is also silently trying her best for Lao Qi and his circus. The exposure of this "rural Bollywood" lineup has a vivid personality, and the relationship between members is also surging. A war about life and survival is about to begin.

In the promotional MV of "Elephant Dance" released this time, in the joyous and melodious prelude and the picture full of bohemian style, a journey of joyful pursuit of dreams is launched. The voice of Si Zu Junwen, a well-known music producer in Yunnan, has a sense of immersive mood as soon as he opens his voice with a slightly vicissitudes of life. The lyrics "If you remember that dance, take your steps" make people can’t help but follow the elephants to dance for their dreams, but they don’t know that every step they take is like walking in the swamp of life, full of heaviness and hardships; the second half of the sentence "Plant a rainforest and let the elephants walk" inevitably makes people feel Lao Qi, feel the strong emotion and mutual cherish of the circus for elephants.

At the end of the MV, Lao Qi looked at his beloved elephant, his face full of helplessness, and the reluctance to part with the elephant when he parted was touching. This joyous life journey, against the backdrop of music, showed the helplessness, freedom, and hope of wandering.

　

Liu Qingyun’s entanglement with three women is only due to four elephants

　

　　"My Pet is an Elephant" is an adult fairy tale full of sweetness and philosophical connotations. When I first heard the title of the film, I believe that the cute elephant king who is "so cute" will be imprinted in the audience’s mind, but this time the elephant will not be watched in the zoo, but in the cinema. In the film, Lao Qi’s operation of "spoiling the elephant sons" and his interaction with the elephant sons will also make the audience very moved. In the film, Liu Qingyun has a "life and death" entanglement with the policewoman Xiao played by Xia Xing, Monroe played by Kong Wei, and Jessica played by You Jingru in order to feed the elephants. Liu Qingyun played the old Qi staged fancy hit on a girl, walking among the flowers, leaves do not touch the body. He seems to be wearing men’s large glass shoes, surrounded by a group of unearthed Cinderella.

As the facade of the circus, Monroe walked with Old Qi through the dawn and dusk, accompanied by the sunrise and sunset by the lake, and accompanied Old Qi to wander for half his life. In the end, Monroe couldn’t help but sigh, "Old Qi’s card table, whether I have it or not, it doesn’t matter, as long as I can Hu", only the back of leaving sadly.

Lao Qi’s other confidante, the policewoman Director Xiao, lived up to her name. She was a "pretty beauty" who could be salted and sweet. She also "secretly arranged" a lot for Lao Qi’s circus career, allowing Lao Qi and his circus to get through the crisis again and again.

The one with the most "constant sparks" with Lao Qi was Jessica, the rich daughter. From the beginning, for the elephants, they were incompatible with each other, and finally they built an inseparable affectionate bond and fed the elephants together. In the little moments of getting along with each other, Lao Qi took off Jessica’s pretend strong armor and gave her the warmth of home that she lacked. Lao Qi was entangled with the love and hate of the three women, and faced the unsustainable company of the elephant, but he also harvested an affectionate bond that was difficult to give up.

"My Pet is an Elephant" is not only an adult fairy tale, but also a book of love. As the film said, "Life is like this, sometimes an inadvertent choice changes everything." Even if the dream is heavy and life is difficult, when facing the ultimate boss of life, choose to stay with the people around you, and harvest the kindness and warmth in between, it can give you hope and motivation to move forward.

On April 12th, regardless of the distance, bring your loved ones with you and build your inner home with love in "My Pet is an Elephant".