分类： jherigjtf

　　[Reporter’s investigation]

　　Guangming Daily reporter Chai Ruzhen

　　In 2022, the national postgraduate entrance examination kicked off on the 25th.

　　In the examination room, the candidates worked hard; Under the examination room, many college students who plan to take the postgraduate entrance examination have already begun to think about what majors, universities and degree types they want to apply for in the coming year. Many college students frankly said, "You can’t tell a master from a master." Then, why do students learn to master and master, and why do they shrink and rise? Why should we distinguish between two types of degrees? How to choose?

　　On December 6th, Hebei University of Engineering candidates reviewed in the study room. Hao Qunying photo/bright picture

　　Trade-offs

　　Tian Tian (pseudonym), a student at Shanxi University, has always had a dream of Peking University. However, just as she was preparing to apply for a master’s degree in the School of Journalism and Communication of Peking University, she learned that in 2022, the school plans to recruit 10 full-time academic degree graduates, all of whom are recommended for exemption. Without the qualification of insurance research, she can only choose to apply for a master’s degree.

　　In recent years, under the background of the steady increase in the number of graduate candidates and the enrollment expansion of graduate students, the news that some academic graduate students in some famous schools have reduced or even stopped recruiting has aroused widespread concern and heated discussion, and even some media have used the word "exit" to describe this phenomenon.

　　On November 23rd, in Huai ‘an, Jiangsu Province, students who participated in the postgraduate entrance examination reviewed in the library of Huaiyin Normal University. Photo by Zhao Qirui/Bright Picture

　　The School of Economics of Fudan University issued a circular in official website in May this year, making it clear that starting from 2022, it will no longer recruit academic degree postgraduates. This is not an isolated case: in 2021, the National Development Research Institute of Peking University cancelled the enrollment of master students, and the School of Software of Fudan University no longer enrolled master students with academic degrees; Sichuan University and Fuzhou University have also stopped enrolling students with masters in psychology and information science. In addition, it has become an increasingly obvious trend to reduce the enrollment quota for graduate students, or to guarantee graduate students to study for graduate students only by accepting the recommended exemption.

　　At the same time, the enrollment scale of professional degree postgraduates is expanding steadily. Education in China — released by the Ministry of Education on November 15th; — The development of national education in 2020 shows that in 2020, 991,000 graduate students were enrolled nationwide, including 602,000 with professional degrees, accounting for 60.8% of the total enrollment of graduate students, an increase of 2.4 percentage points over the previous year. According to the data from the Center for Degree and Postgraduate Education Development of the Ministry of Education, in 2021, there were 1.062 million national postgraduate students, including 657,000 professional degree students, accounting for 61.9%.

　　2021 is the 30th anniversary of the implementation of China’s professional degree system. By 2020, China has set up 47 professional degree categories, with a total of 5996 master’s degree authorization points and 278 doctoral degree authorization points, which basically cover major industries in China.

　　"In the postgraduate training stage, professional degrees have become the main body." Huang Baoyin, director of the Center for Degree and Postgraduate Education Development of the Ministry of Education, recently wrote that "in the past 30 years, China’s professional degree education has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results, from one category to 47, from master’s degree to doctor’s degree at the level, and from recruiting dozens of people every year to recruiting more than 600,000 people every year, and the proportion has increased from less than single digits to more than 60% now. Training institutions have basically covered all postgraduate training units from a small number of institutions to now, and their functions have changed from being a useful supplement to academic postgraduate education to being equally important now. They have never been known to be popular now, and their models have changed from learning to learning. It has more China characteristics and unique advantages. "

　　Structure optimization

　　Shen Hangyu, who just graduated from Xinjiang University with a master’s degree in electrical engineering, admitted that he did not struggle when he took the postgraduate entrance examination, and directly chose the master’s degree, because the master’s degree is biased towards engineering application, which can improve the overall employment competitiveness. "Great country craftsmen are my lifelong goal!"

　　Behind the trade-off between academic masters and specialized masters is the gradual adjustment of the postgraduate training structure in China, so as to better adapt to and play an important role in cultivating innovative talents, improving innovation ability and serving economic and social development.

　　"The reduction of masters and the rise of masters are not things in recent years, but the embodiment of national policies for a long time." Peng Pai, deputy director of the Institute of Degree and Postgraduate Education of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told the reporter that before the freshmen were allowed to apply for professional masters in 2009, the proportion of masters was less than 10%; Since then, the enrollment of special masters has begun to increase substantially, and this trend has always been obvious. The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Degree and Postgraduate Education issued in 2017 aims to make up about 60% of master’s enrollment in 2020. Last year’s "Professional Degree Postgraduate Education Development Plan (2020-2025)" put forward the goal that by 2025, master’s degrees will account for two-thirds of master’s enrollment, which is about 67%.

　　It is not difficult to see that professional degree graduate education will become the main way to train high-level applied professionals in China.

　　"This adjustment is closely related to the transformation of postgraduate education." Shen Wenqin, an associate professor at Peking University Institute of Education, further explained that in the past, you could enter a university as a teacher after graduating from a master’s degree. However, with the expansion of doctoral enrollment, the threshold of teaching in colleges and universities has also risen. For example, in 2020, China will recruit more than 100,000 doctoral students, but the demand for university teachers and research institutes is around 60,000, which means that 40% of doctoral students may not be able to engage in academic work in universities or research institutes after graduation. In this case, if the orientation of postgraduate education is still simply to cultivate talents in academic departments, it obviously cannot meet the needs of economic and social development, nor does it meet the needs of students’ study and employment. Master’s training needs to be mainly oriented to enterprises and institutions, including R&D talents of enterprises.

　　On the other hand, with the high-quality development of China’s economy and society, the demand for high-level applied talents in all walks of life is becoming more and more urgent. Peng Pai pointed out, "The general trend of postgraduate training is career orientation, application orientation and practice orientation. Especially in the master’s degree, it is not necessary and impossible to ask everyone to do scientific research after a large number of enrollment expansion. More importantly, it is to cultivate professional ability and the ability to solve practical problems. "

　　"Don’t simply understand optimizing the educational structure of master’s degree graduate students as increasing the enrollment ratio of specialized masters." Xu Lan, director of the Graduate Education Research Center of Xiamen University, stressed that structural optimization also includes improving the category management mechanism of specialized masters and adding specialized masters according to the needs of social development, which reflects the ability to respond quickly to market changes. In addition, in the future, we should improve the classification evaluation system for different degree types, and guide the development of graduate education to break away from the path dependence of single quantity expansion and develop in a direction of "multiple and high quality".

　　Various types

　　Li Jing (a pseudonym), a Chinese medicine major in Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, was transferred from a master’s degree to a master’s degree because of insufficient scores. However, after entering the school, it is found that there is little difference between the two in actual learning. Just like studying a course, both of them need to master the experimental operation and complete the thesis experiment. "The biggest difference is the degree certificate, the master is a medical degree, and the master is a science degree.

　　Both master degree and master degree need to cultivate research ability, so what is the difference between them is also a puzzling problem for many college students.

　　Peng Pai pointed out from three aspects: training objectives, training methods and evaluation methods that the main differences between master and master are: master pays more attention to knowledge innovation ability, while master pays more attention to practical innovation ability; Master should mainly participate in academic research, and master should participate in professional practice and industrial application topics; Learning to master mainly depends on the academic nature of the paper (such as the rigor of the method and the novelty of the discovery), and mastering mainly depends on whether the paper has the ability to apply knowledge to solve practical problems.

　　Many experts pointed out that due to the different demand for talents in the labor market, "the goal, method and evaluation of cultivating talents should also be different. Only in this way can we cultivate talents accurately." This distinction of training types is not only necessary, but also the inevitable trend of the development of postgraduate education. From a global perspective, the diversification of degree types is also a common trend.

　　"We are increasingly accepting the concept of multi-quality, and we should appreciate the beauty of difference brought by this kind of classified training." Xu Lan also admitted that the current postgraduate training is not enough to show the distinction of types, especially in the course content and thesis form. Although there are practical links, most students do not have off-campus tutors, and teachers’ requirements for postgraduate training are usually loose. If the length of study is shorter than that of postgraduate training, and it is not well connected with professional qualifications, it is easy to be labeled as "water release", and the signal function of "postgraduate = practical innovation ability"

　　According to the results of the national postgraduate study and development survey conducted by Peng Pai and his team, the proportion of master students participating in various horizontal projects is not as good as that of master students, and the horizontal projects directly point to the application ability, so master students should be more involved; Most of the tutors have no difference in the way of cultivating masters, and they are basically cultivated in the same way as in the past, and there is inertia; At present, there is a lack of institutional mechanisms for industry to participate in the training of specialized masters. Peng Pai believes that "it took only about ten years for the proportion of students enrolled in master’s degree to rise from less than 10% to 60%. Therefore, these developing problems need to be solved in development. "

　　In addition, Shen Wenqin suggested that we should be alert to the "hidden educational equity problem" for the chain problems that may be brought about by the expansion of enrollment of specialized masters. The tuition fee for a master’s degree is often higher than that for a master’s degree, which may affect the further study opportunities of children from poor families. Under the realistic conditions that many jobs require master’s degrees, future policy research or adjustment should fully consider the equity of graduate education.

　　Finally, for college students who intend to take the postgraduate entrance examination, many experts suggest that: first, clear the goal, find the right position, make a good career plan, don’t follow the crowd and chase after the hot spots, and don’t regard the professional degree as a "water release" choice; Second, we should have a correct understanding of graduate study. Graduate students do not learn well by taking classes and taking credits, but mainly by self-study, with the goal of improving their research ability. Third, in the undergraduate stage, we should consciously participate in the teacher’s research and find our own interests and directions.

　　Guangming Daily (11th edition, December 25th, 2021)

■ Teacher development and improvement of teacher-child interaction ability ③

　　The main points of "teacher-child interaction" in the Guide to Quality Assessment of Kindergarten Conservation Education suggest that we should understand children’s learning styles in health, language, society, science, art and other fields, respect individual differences in children’s development, find out each child’s advantages and strengths, and promote children’s development at the original level. Among them, "respecting individual differences in children’s development" is one of the most important principles in the interaction between teachers and children.

Adopt the strategy of differential interaction

Difference is a kind of particularity compared with the general situation. Emphasizing the individual difference of children means focusing on the particularity of children. Individual differences in children’s development involve many aspects, which can be summarized as "quality" and "quantity" in general. The difference of "quality" refers to the difference of characteristics, tendencies or forms of expression in children’s development, and the difference of "quantity" refers to the difference of the degree, quantity or level of a particular ability or performance in children’s development.

Particularity refers to a characteristic, rather than good or bad. To establish the children’s view of "respecting individual differences in children’s development", teachers need to abandon the utilitarian evaluation view, face children with an aesthetic attitude, and present independent, lively and distinctive individuals.

Although most teachers agree with the concept of "respecting individual differences in children’s development" and can identify children’s differences, some teachers have some difficulties and misunderstandings in how to effectively interact with children based on differences due to factors such as traditional teaching paying too much attention to the characteristics of children’s development stages and large class size. The first one: adopt "egalitarianism" to adjust children’s differences and try to make every child reach a certain average level. This may lead to some high-level children "looking down", while low-level children are still "out of reach". The second type: pay too much attention to "superior" children, while paying limited attention to other children. The third type: arranging to replace "weak" children. This may weaken children’s autonomy and learning motivation, and then aggravate children’s polarization.

Based on this, it is necessary for teachers to adopt differentiated interaction strategies in their interaction with children to help each child achieve the best development.

Pay attention to development advantages

"Advantage" is not to show "prominence" in comparison with others, but the uniqueness and flash moment of children themselves. It is very important for children to establish a positive self-concept by focusing on advantages and appreciating and encouraging each child. We encourage teachers to focus on the uniqueness and flash moment of each child (especially those who need extra support and attention in some aspects) and interact with children based on their advantages.

Case 1: Build a door that won’t fall down.

Xuan Xuan, Yilin and Whale, who have weak construction skills, build a house together. After the fence and table were set up, Xuan Xuan tried to erect two long blocks as doorframes, but failed. Yilin suggested putting the long door frame against the wall, and finally succeeded. No sooner had the whale put on the beam than the erected building blocks tilted. Three people repaired the door, but Xuanxuan accidentally touched it and the door collapsed. After being repaired again, they chose not to go in and out from the door, but to play "play house" around the table.

At this time, the teacher pretended to be a guest and deliberately squeezed the door down. Three people skillfully recovered and said, "Teacher Zhou, don’t come in through the door, come in through the fence!" " The teacher replied, "Ah? Climb over the wall, not good. Your door is too small and weak. " Inspired by the teacher, the children found longer and thinner building blocks to repair the door. But it still collapsed when I entered the door. "It’s too narrow." Whale whale said. The children failed to increase the width of the doorframe again, and they began to blame each other. When the teacher saw this, he showed them around the rockets repaired by his friends and asked, "Why don’t they fall down when they repair so high?" Xuan Xuan soon discovered that they were made of square blocks. "Oh, we can also build doors with that kind of wood." Whale whale said.

After that, three children found square building blocks separately and finally succeeded.

Xuanxuan, Yilin and Whale are middle-class children. Compared with others, their construction skills are not high, and they have not mastered the relationship between the shape and stability of materials, and there are still difficulties in overhead. Teacher Zhou didn’t rush to interfere or deny children’s choices, but saw their persistence, concentration and efforts, and guided them to discover the relationship between the shape, stress surface and stability of building blocks through observation. This interactive way can make children feel their own value and ability, and feel that they are capable learners.

Make up for the weak development

The development speed and degree of children in each field will be different. Some children may perform well in one field, but they may need extra support and attention in another. Teachers should not only help children develop their advantages, but also make up for their weak development.

Case 2: Jiayang’s Domino Game

Jiayang likes challenging games, but he is stubborn, doesn’t like his companions to join his games, and often loses his temper.

　　　　Once, Jiayang tried to use bullets to row from one end of the classroom to the other. Mao Mao wanted to join in, but Jiayang didn’t agree. The teacher suggested that the two men should swing from both ends and meet in the middle, but Jiayang reluctantly agreed. But the first two times failed, they discussed the reasons together, and succeeded in the third time, which made teachers see the opportunity to guide Jiayang’s cooperative game.

By watching the game video played by the teacher, Jiayang sprouted the idea of making a big circle around the classroom with all the materials. The teacher asked, "Do you need a companion?" Jia Yang replied, "Yes, I can’t do it alone." With the help of teachers, Jiayang called his friends and introduced the plan, which was responded by many children. Jiayang is very happy. He feels accepted and trusted. The task of "challenging the Great Circle" finally succeeded in everyone’s cooperation.

Soon, Komori and Jiayang put a triangle together, and it was about to succeed. Komori accidentally shook the table, and in an instant, all the blocks fell down. I thought Jiayang would get angry, but I didn’t expect him to say calmly, "Forget it, it’s okay, start over, and pay attention next time."

Jiayang is outstanding in cognitive development, practical ability and learning quality, but has a weak awareness of understanding, tolerance and cooperation with others. In view of this weak development, teachers "premeditated" a game that needed cooperation based on Jiayang’s game interest. In this process, we have seen that Jiayang never accepts others to join, but cooperates with others and forgives others’ mistakes. In the game, Jiayang not only played an advantage, but also made up for the weakness.

Support diversified development

Every child has different interests and development needs, and teachers need to provide diversified activities that meet the interests, abilities and needs of different children to support their differentiated development. Regional games are an important way to respond to children’s different interests in differentiated teaching. Teachers can realize this vision by creating rich regional games.

Case 3: Teacher Xiaoyu’s classroom

In order to let every child do what he likes, teacher Xiaoyu’s class has created six kinds of environments. The first category is the environment that supports children’s systematic perception and experience, including the secret of pulp, the art creation area of paper and the hot pot restaurant made of paper; The second category is the environment that satisfies children’s social role imitation, including doll house and photo studio; The third category is the environment that meets the needs of children’s operation and inquiry, including nailing and knocking areas and construction areas; The fourth category is the environment that meets the needs of children’s artistic expression, including fabric area and painting wall; The fifth category is the environment that satisfies children’s closeness to nature and perception of life, including planting areas and feeding areas; The sixth category is the wall environment that highlights the growth process of children and reflects the process of parents’ participation.

Teacher Xiaoyu fully considers the needs of different children and the development needs of the same child in different aspects, and is committed to providing children with a diverse, rich and inspiring learning environment. Through the creation of such an environment, every child can find something he is interested in and get support, so as to achieve comprehensive and personalized development.

Respect special needs

Many teachers have children with special needs in their classes. These children are facing various challenges and need extra attention and support.

Case 4: hyperactive Chen Chen

　　　　Chenchen (a pseudonym) can never be quiet, and the teacher tried many ways to adapt him to the normal rules, all of which ended in failure. After medical identification, he was found to have ADHD. This semester, the teacher gave Chen Chen more free space. For example, when doing morning exercises, he is allowed to do what he likes, or he can join everyone’s activities. In the review session of a woodworking game, Chenchen is still wandering around. The teacher asked, "Chenchen, where did your work go?" Did you run away like you? " After Chen Chen heard it, he took out his work. The teacher was very surprised. Chenchen made an airplane seat with hinges. The teacher said excitedly, "Wow, Chenchen, we didn’t expect that, you are great!" " Suddenly, the activity room rang with warm applause, and Chenchen ran away happily.

In the above cases, the teacher established different rules for Chen Chen. This personalized support made Chen Chen more comfortable to participate in class activities, reduced his conflict with the routine, and helped to improve his experience and self-confidence in the park. At the same time, teachers do not ignore the existence of Chenchen, but respect and encourage him to participate, so that he can feel his own value and the importance of being recognized. In this way, teachers not only provide a more suitable learning environment for Chenchen, but also create a more inclusive and warm atmosphere for the class.

(Li Yuanyuan is the Sichuan Family Construction Research Institute of Sichuan Normal University, and Yulin is the 16th kindergarten in Chengdu, Sichuan Province).

China Education News, April 7, 2024, 2nd edition　

In the field of off-road vehicles, 917, as a representative model of self-owned brand new energy high-end off-road vehicles, is gradually emerging with its excellent performance and innovative technology. As a classic of traditional luxury off-road vehicles, Land Rover has always been favored by consumers. So, when these two models meet, who is better? Let’s make an in-depth comparison from the aspects of chassis intelligence, intelligent cockpit and scene application.

Chassis Intelligentization: the Revolution of Intelligent TechnologyFirst of all, let’s take a look at the differences between the two models in terms of chassis intelligence. This generation of Land Rover Defenders can be regarded as a breakthrough of Land Rover, replacing the body of the Guardian family with the body and using a lot of electronic equipment. As a high-end off-road vehicle born in the new energy wave, its military quality and the technology of military-to-civilian conversion are rare in the market today.

Warrior 917 is equipped with advanced rear wheel steer-by-wire technology, which is also the first off-road vehicle equipped with this technology. This technology makes the rear wheel and the front wheel rotate in the opposite direction when the vehicle is driving at low speed, and the rear wheel angle can reach 10.6, thus greatly reducing the turning radius of the vehicle. The 4.98-meter-long body can achieve the minimum turning radius of 5.1 meters in the off-road vehicle, which improves the flexibility of the vehicle in a narrow space. In urban roads, this function can make drivers easily cope with complex road conditions, such as narrow streets and crowded parking lots.

In contrast, Land Rover Defender’s performance in this respect is slightly inferior, and its traditional steering system has a relatively large turning radius. Even for the short-axle 90 series models, the turning radius of the 4.58-meter-long body has reached 5.65 meters, which is not convenient for urban driving. For example, on a standard two-way two-lane road, the Warrior 917 can easily complete a one-time U-turn, while the Land Rover Defender may need several adjustments to complete it.

In the convenience of daily driving, the unique "crab walking mode" of Warrior 917 is a highlight. In this mode, the four wheels of the vehicle can turn to the same angle at the same time to realize the lateral movement of the vehicle. This allows vehicles to pass obstacles more flexibly under extreme road conditions, such as narrow mountain trails or special off-road venues. Land Rover Defender is not equipped with this function at present, and it may need more driving skills and vehicle handling experience when dealing with similar complex road conditions.

In addition to providing richer and safer passing modes during off-road, the crab-walking mode is most commonly used to park in the parking space more conveniently and quickly when parking sideways at ordinary times, while Land Rover Defender cannot provide similar functions to help car owners better cross-country or park.

In terms of chassis comfort, both cars are equipped with suspension +CDC, but the suspension of Warrior 917 adopts BWI Jingxi AR. Like Lamborghini, Ferrari, Porsche and other brands, this set of AeroRide multi-stage intelligent adjustable air suspension has five gears adjustable, supports 150mm long-stroke suspension height adjustment (105mm upward and 45mm downward), and can realize multi-body attitude adjustment, support body height adjustment and body height maintenance.

The VMC chassis dynamic domain control system equipped with Warrior 917 can monitor the vehicle’s driving state in real time, including vehicle speed, acceleration, wheel speed, body posture, etc., and automatically adjust the vehicle’s suspension, shock absorption and power distribution according to these data to ensure that the vehicle can maintain the best driving stability and handling under various road conditions.

Although Land Rover Defender also has excellent chassis adjustment, it is only limited to lowering the suspension height at high speed, and it cannot be adjusted in real time like Warrior 917, and its driving stability and handling are poor.

In addition, Warrior 917 adopts the combination of electronic control differential lock and central virtual differential lock, which can distribute torque accurately in real time according to road conditions and ensure the vehicle’s ability to get out of trouble on complex terrain. It is also equipped with MATS off-road all-terrain intelligent solution, which can be said to be the epitome of its chassis intelligence. The system can automatically identify different terrains, such as snow, sand and mud, and adjust the power output, suspension setting and braking strategy of vehicles accordingly. Although Land Rover Defender is also equipped with all-terrain feedback system, it is still less intelligent than Warrior 917.

Summary:Warrior 917 has adopted many advanced technologies in chassis intelligence, such as rear wheel steer-by-wire mode, crab mode, VMC chassis dynamic domain control, electronically controlled differential lock+central virtual differential lock and MATS Warrior off-road all-terrain intelligent solution. The application of these technologies and configurations can significantly improve the handling flexibility, off-road performance and driving stability of the vehicle, making it perform well in the face of complex road conditions, and it is more intelligent and adaptable than Land Rover Defender.

Intelligent cockpit: the integration of technology and luxury

After reading the chassis, let’s take a look at the performance of the two cars in the cockpit intelligence. First of all, let’s look at human-computer interaction. The advantages of new energy off-road vehicles in human-computer interaction have been fully reflected in the Warrior 917. It is equipped with a large-size high-definition touch screen, intelligent voice control system and rich interconnection functions, so that drivers can operate various functions of the vehicle more conveniently.

In contrast, Land Rover Defender, as a traditional fuel off-road vehicle, has a relatively traditional human-computer interaction system, which is not intuitive and convenient to operate. Many functions are placed in the second or third menu, and the operation is cumbersome when it needs to be called.

And the same operation, Warrior 917 only needs a voice command to complete, and it is clear who is more convenient. During the journey, Warrior 917 provides more entertainment options. Its car is equipped with high-quality Dynaudio sound system, multimedia playback function and online entertainment resources. Passengers can watch movies, listen to music or play games through the big screen in the car, and enjoy the entertainment time during the long journey.

However, Land Rover Defender’s configuration in this respect is relatively simple, and only conventional multimedia functions can not meet the passengers’ demand for diversified entertainment.

In addition, if you are a friend who likes to drive by car or travel long distances, the parking security and infrared night vision function of the Warrior 917 can definitely help a lot. Parking security can monitor the situation around the vehicle in real time, and give an alarm in time when any abnormality is found. In addition, the vehicle also has a remote monitoring function, so that the owner can know the state of the vehicle anytime and anywhere. Infrared night vision provides higher safety for night driving. It can clearly identify pedestrians, animals and obstacles in front in the dark environment, so that drivers can respond in advance. The Land Rover Defender’s configuration in this respect is relatively weak, and both the safety of the vehicle itself and the safety of driving at night are not as good as those of the Warriors 917.

Summary:In the intelligent cockpit, the Warrior 917 uses a large-size touch screen and supports multi-mode interaction, providing rich entertainment options and parking security functions, such as omni-directional camera and infrared night vision system. This not only improves driving pleasure, but also enhances driving safety. Compared with Land Rover Defender, Warrior 917 has more advantages in the convenience and entertainment of human-computer interaction.

Urban Travel: Convenience and Efficiency InnovationIn fact, according to the research of major manufacturers, more than 90% off-road vehicle owners may not go to the wild once a year after buying a car, and it is difficult for off-road vehicles who run in the city most of the time to show their strengths.

However, for Warrior 917, the smaller turning radius and crab mode make vehicles more flexible and convenient on urban roads, and can easily cope with traffic jams and narrow parking spaces. In addition, the Warrior 917 Extended Range Edition has a pure battery life of 200km, so it can only use electricity for daily transportation, and its quietness is more suitable for urban use. And the power can also reduce the refueling frequency when traveling in long distances, and can reach the destination faster and earlier.

Editor’s comment:

As a representative model of high-end off-road vehicle with independent brand of new energy, Warrior 917 has shown strong advantages in chassis intelligence, intelligent cockpit and scene application. Compared with the traditional luxury brand Land Rover Defender, Warrior 917 brings consumers a brand-new driving experience with its innovative technology and excellent performance. Of course, Land Rover Defender, as a classic off-road vehicle, also has its unique charm and value. But in the face of the development of the times and the progress of science and technology, Warrior 917 undoubtedly represents the development direction of off-road vehicles in the future. Whether in urban or off-road scenes, the Warrior 917 can meet consumers’ demand for high performance, intelligence and comfort, and become a new benchmark in the field of off-road vehicles.

　　Original title: Looking back on the 40 years of reform and opening up, the ups and downs of this Henan star enterprise are thought-provoking!

　　Source: "Looking at the Think Tank" WeChat official account

　　This year marks the 40th anniversary of reform and opening-up, and there are countless successful enterprises that have grown up with the economic rise of China in the past 40 years. However, there are still some enterprises, which are either a flash in the pan, or gradually sinking from glory, or struggling to sustain … The list of such enterprises is also very long, covering all walks of life, such as 8848 website, Qin Chi ancient wine, Aiduo VCD, Sanzhu oral liquid, Jianlibao, etc. Are they all particularly familiar?

　　Therefore, when taking stock of the brilliant achievements of reform and opening up in the past 40 years, it is equally important to review the ups and downs of related enterprises to understand the greatness and profundity of reform and opening up. The glory and setbacks of these enterprises in the past can bring us heavy enlightenment and warning.

　　Today, Uncle Ku will talk about a company that Ku friends are very familiar with-

　　On June 29th, 100% shares of Henan Xinfei Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Henan Xinfei Refrigeration Appliance Co., Ltd. and Henan Xinfei Household Appliances Co., Ltd. were won by Konka for 455 million yuan.Konka’s takeover means that Xinfei will avoid bankruptcy liquidation and be reborn and saved, but it also means that the former Xinfei has quietly ended.

　　Xinfei has a glorious history, and its market share in China was as high as 20% at one time. Together with Haier, Meiling and Rongsheng, it was called the four kings of refrigerators in China. The advertisement "Xinfei advertisement is not as good as Xinfei refrigerator", which has been popular all over the country, is even more impressive.

　　However, why did Xinfei quietly end?

　　There is nothing wrong with the times, but if you can’t keep up with the times, you can only be eliminated.

　　Wen Chen is a special macro observer of Lookout Think Tank and a member of the Society of Science, Technology and Strategy.　　

　　one

　　It’s not just Zhang Ruimin who smashed the refrigerator.

　　In the 1980s and 1990s, China was transforming into a market economy, and many household appliances enterprises were often transformed from local wireless power plants. They introduced production lines and introduced household appliances such as color TVs, refrigerators and washing machines to the national market.

　　The predecessor of Xinfei is Xinxiang Radio Equipment Factory. Because of its similar background, similar products and fierce competition with many home appliance enterprises. Whoever can adapt to the market economy quickly will win quickly, and Xinfei is one of the most famous winners. The outstanding enterprises in this period often have a heroic leader, and the hero of the new flight is the old factory director Bingyin Liu.

　　What is still talked about in Haier’s history is that at the end of 1985, Zhang Ruimin personally smashed 76 problem refrigerators with a latte hammer, and that "Haier sledgehammer" was also collected as a national cultural relic by the National Museum of China.

　　Xinfei, who is proud of domestic household appliances, also staged a scene where the factory director Bingyin Liu angrily smashed the faulty refrigerator, which also smashed a famous brand made in China that year.

　　In 1990, Bingyin Liu, who returned from several months of investigation abroad, found that the products in the warehouse were piled up and could not be sold. Only when asked did he know that there was something wrong with the quality of the products. There were more than 400 refrigerators with inferior quality in the warehouse.

　　On May 20, 1990, at the scene of the order meeting of Xinfei refrigerator, Bingyin Liu voiced passionately: "These are all unqualified products produced by our factory. If we sell such refrigerators to users, it will be a shame for our Xinfei people! Must be completely destroyed! "

　　More than 400 inferior refrigerators were all destroyed after Bingyin Liu lifted the hammer and smashed the first hammer. At the same time, Bingyin Liu also removed the deputy director in charge of quality, stopped production for one month, reduced the salary of managers by 30%, and carried out quality rectification for all employees..

　　According to some people’s recollections, in the early 1990s, the price of pork was almost the same as that of 2.5 yuan, rice was about 50 cents a catty, and the monthly salary of employees was about 150-300 yuan. Color TV sets, washing machines, refrigerators and air conditioners were called "four big pieces", each of which was valuable, and one of them was considered a rich man. Factory director Liu smashed 400 refrigerators in a rage, and we seemed to see the determination in his eyes at the moment he swung the hammer.

　　In the historical period of the transition from planned economy to market economy, product quality is indeed the focus of consumers and markets. From the very beginning, Xinfei has been very effective in rectifying the quality of refrigerators, which distinguishes it from a large number of general enterprises and lays the foundation for its rise.

　　In addition, from the present point of view, it is also a very clever marketing method for Director Liu to smash the refrigerator. Haier, the inventor, benefited the most, and Xinfei’s imitation was also very successful.

　　Since then, the advertising marketing of Xinfei has become more and more convenient, which has become another key factor in its rise. Xinfei is willing to spend a lot of money on advertising crazily, and fortunately, it has found the best advertising word that can compete for ten years. In the 1990s, all the advertisements of Xinfei were in the north, and the main market was stronger. Xinfei became a national famous brand in one fell swoop, with its popularity soaring and orders soaring. It was really effective to make great efforts to engage in marketing.

　　2

　　"Extensive marketing" has finally encountered problems.

　　Until the beginning of the 21st century, "paying close attention to quality and marketing" was the magic weapon for the success of many China enterprises, including Xinfei.

　　Moreover, many entrepreneurs find that quality is more important than marketing-as long as the quality is not too outrageous, consumers are actually not so sensitive.

　　At that time, there were not many consumers who looked at quality statistics, and the quality of products could be deeply rooted in consumers’ hearts through marketing.

　　What’s even more outrageous is that products like health care products can continue to be marketed for many years as long as they don’t go wrong. Even if there is a quality problem, the brand will collapse. However, if the core competitiveness of "marketing" is still there, it is not a problem to continue to push the products to the market by changing brands.

　　For a time, marketing became the hottest concept in the market economy.

　　However, with the growing economic scale and mature market in China, "extensive marketing" has finally encountered problems. This is not the extent to which consumers have discovered the truth, but the differentiation of enterprises.

　　How did the enterprise differentiate?

　　To be precise, some entrepreneurs have found that the technical level has gradually become a decisive factor in the differentiation of enterprises in the industry. In the market competition, marketing is of course important, but everyone later played marketing very smoothly. What should we spell next?

　　Of course, it is technology. Only when the technical level comes up can marketing be done well and can it be done well. The technical level is not good, and consumers can only be deceived by various tricks.

　　Consumers may be confused about concepts such as nano-refrigerator, nano-washing machine and nano-water dispenser for a while, but if they listen more and don’t see substantial results, they will gradually become intolerant, which is not a long-term solution after all.

　　The most important thing is that the development of technology is characterized by increasing benefits, which is completely different from advertising marketing. Even if marketing falls behind for a while, finding a good idea next time can pull back the game. But technology is, after all, playing hardball. If you lag behind one step, you may fall behind step by step. If you don’t catch up, the gap will widen. Let consumers clearly feel the advantages and disadvantages of products, so as to put your enterprise in a different grade from other enterprises, which is a big deal.

　　In this case, can you survive by fighting price wars?

　　Enterprises with different technical levels can’t even fight price wars. Good enterprises have high-grade products and high profit margins, and have enough funds to improve employee welfare, expand the market and further increase investment in research and development. However, if the enterprise’s products become low-grade, they can only retreat to the market segments and survive by the so-called "high quality and low price". This is still the case that the quality is acceptable, and the poor quality will be directly kicked out of the market.

　　Needless to say, high-tech enterprises sometimes launch "dimension reduction attacks"-the prices of high-end products selling low-end products directly crush competitors.

　　In other words, it is very difficult for enterprises with poor technology to resist in the market economy, and there is no feasible way to get rid of the predicament, and no matter how good marketing guru is, it can’t change technology.

　　three

　　This is how Xinfei collapsed!

　　The former "marketing king" Xinfei collapsed in the technical competition.

　　After the death of Bingyin Liu, a meritorious old factory director, due to illness in 2001, the enterprise lost its powerful leader. 2002 was the zenith of the glory of Xinfei, and its market share in that year was as high as 18.88%. In 2005, under the planning of the local government, Xinfei introduced the foreign major shareholder-Hong Long Asia of Singapore, holding 90%.

　　Perhaps the introduction of foreign shareholders has good intentions such as obtaining development funds, introducing advanced technology and management experience, but this action was not successful in hindsight. Even the major foreign shareholders complained that they did not make any money and repeatedly invested money to fill the hole.

　　Why did things come to this?

　　Hong Long Asia is a real estate, tourism and financial company with no technical background and lack of experience in manufacturing production management. Such a large shareholder will undoubtedly be of no help to the technological development of Xinfei.

　　Xinfei has mainly produced several products such as refrigerators and freezers for many years. Although the quality is above the market average, it is becoming more and more inadequate, and domestic competitors have also taken the opportunity to launch several waves of offensives:

　　The first is to engage in the concept of "full series". Refrigerators, freezers, washing machines, all kinds of household appliances are made, and various small household appliances are also introduced, and various products are promoted to enrich the brand concept;

　　Second, a variety of trendy designs have been introduced for refrigerators, freezers and other products to cater to the tastes of young people.

　　These actions need the cooperation of technology, research and development should keep up and respond quickly to the market. Xinfei still clung to the old concept at that time and was finally abandoned by the market-

　　In 2012, Xinfei, whose market share was shrinking, stopped production due to the first crisis, and resumed production after the local government negotiated with major shareholders.

　　　In 2013, Xinfei stopped production again;

　　　In November 2017, production was stopped for the third time;

　　　Originally, it was reported that Xinfei would resume production in February 2018, but the parties still lost patience. The major shareholder may feel that it is really hopeless, and he is unwilling to continue to invest money and decide to stop loss, so he flew to the "bankruptcy reorganization" step.

　　The sinking of Xinfei is in line with the logic of market economy. Marketing alone, even if the quality is passable, will eventually lose to opponents who pay more attention to technology.

　　In contrast, Gree, which is in the same industry, once faced the situation of being acquired by foreign capital. However, the enterprise resisted the pressure and refused to take shares, insisted on independent development, and made continuous technological breakthroughs, eventually becoming a phenomenal enterprise.

　　four

　　Technology is king, which is ubiquitous in all walks of life.

　　The phenomenon that "technical level is the decisive factor of enterprise differentiation" not only appears in the home appliance industry, but also exists in all walks of life. Take the security industry as an example, as many as hundreds of enterprises are also rapidly divided.

　　Unlike the home appliance industry, which was close to saturation many years ago, the security industry has been in a state of high growth, and the market scale can increase tenfold in seven or eight years. But even in such a fast-growing market, most enterprises are still quietly sinking, and the market is quickly concentrated in several major enterprises. Among them, Zhejiang Yushi, a typical enterprise, is worth mentioning.

　　Yushi is a security camera company, ranking third in the field of video surveillance, not an industry giant. The top two are Hikvision and Dahua, which are more widely known A-share listed companies in the industry. They are the giants and remain the top two in the world video surveillance field.

　　In the global security industry, China enterprises have formed a considerable camp, and have surpassed international companies in the field of video surveillance.

　　In 2017, Yushi’s revenue was 3.1 billion, which was 10 times higher than the 300 million when it was established in 2011. This growth rate is already extremely fast, but compared with the first two giants, it is actually nothing-Dahua’s revenue in 2017 was 18.8 billion, which is already on the order of billions, and Haikang has reached 42 billion, developing towards 100 billion.

　　In the words of the veteran of Yushi Company, the marketing of Yushi was really not so good at the beginning, so many opportunities were missed, otherwise it would not be on this scale.

　　In particular, it is undeniable that the role of marketing in the market economy is very critical. However, it was only in 2011 that Yushi was separated from Huawei’s 3com joint venture company to do video surveillance. More than 500 people are basically engaged in technology, and it is said that only 8 people are engaged in marketing. There is no problem for such a group of people to do technology, and it is temperamental to do marketing.

　　Then, how did such a company, which is not very good at marketing, achieve this scale and stand side by side with two world-class giants?

　　Because Yushi has one advantage: it has enough technology to keep up with the development of security market technology, and some technologies even lead the industry.

　　About 10 years ago, when the industry demand broke out, all kinds of companies could grow. Many camera companies, system integrators and algorithm software companies have formed an industrial chain, undertaking projects all over China, each occupying a certain market share. In this pattern, Yushi is not prominent.

　　However, after several years of development, Hikvision and Dahua have gradually formed a "duopoly" pattern, which has greatly oppressed the whole industry. More and more projects are either taken away directly by Hikvision and Dahua, or integrators are forced to abandon their own research and purchase Hikvision and Dahua’s systems instead. The market generally feels that Hikvision’s technical strength is better than Dahua’s, but Dahua also has the ability to successfully replicate a new product three or four months after its launch and keep up with the market in time, thus occupying a certain market share.

　　Enterprises with insufficient technical strength and scale are hard to compete with the two, so they are forced to enter some sub-sectors or simply go overseas to find opportunities. At the beginning, some enterprises with the same scale and reputation as the two failed obviously in the competition, and as many as 500 system integration enterprises disappeared in a large area.

　　Just as Hikvision and Dahua were sweeping the industry by virtue of their technical and marketing advantages, Yushi found a feeling in this big pattern, and achieved a growth multiple not inferior to that of "duopoly" and became the third in the industry. This is no small miracle, and the root cause lies in Yushi’s slightly wonderful technical genes.

　　All the employees of Yushi seem to be doing technology, and they can’t see who is in charge of marketing. Many business partners and downstream users of Yushi are also "die-hard" and recognize this technical style.

　　Even, Yushi’s "technical temperament" is better than Dahua’s, and there are some market-leading technical skills in storage systems and other fields. Although there are still some gaps in scale with Hikvision and Dahua, the latter two are very recognized for Yushi’s technology.

　　Therefore, whether an enterprise rises or falls, in the final analysis, technology has the final say, especially after 2010, the technical level is becoming more and more important to China enterprises. This is not a slogan, it is reflected in every industry.

　　Take the familiar mobile phone industry as an example. Many mobile phone companies in China have been booming for a while. However, with the unprecedented fierce competition in mobile phone technology innovation, most companies can’t keep up, and their market share has shrunk or even collapsed. Even established companies like Lenovo are struggling.

　　Huawei, Xiaomi, OPPO and VIVO, which have unique technological innovations, have gradually developed into four major domestic brands.

　　Previously, people thought that OPPO and VIVO relied on marketing, but after a long time, it was found that marketing was of course very important, but without the support of technological innovation and some unique skills that made people shine, the market would not buy it.

　　There will be an upper limit to playing with concepts and following the trend, but attaching importance to technological innovation can constantly impact the market. Even if the marketing is not too strong, the masses will naturally feel it over time.

　　China’s market economy has gone through 30 or 40 years, and the markets of various industries are gradually refined. In the past, the development strategy of "marketing is king" is still very important, and it can be speculated in some industries, but it is not enough to win in the competition in some mature industries.

　　When "marketing" meets "technology", the shortcomings are exposed. More and more enterprises, because of the lack of technical level, gradually sink into the market or collapse overnight. Consumer awareness is also awakening, abandoning enterprises that rely on marketing and embracing enterprises with independent technology research and development level.

　　With the arrival of the Lantern Festival, the "long winter vacation" is coming to an end. Do you still need to do nucleic acid at the beginning of the new semester? Many places have recently announced corresponding plans, with different details.

　　"Fuzhou Daily" WeChat WeChat official account news, on the morning of February 4, the Education Working Committee of Fuzhou Municipal Committee and the Municipal Education Bureau held a meeting on the deployment of Fuzhou’s education system in the new semester. The meeting stressed that we should accurately understand the new situation of epidemic prevention and control and the requirements of health and safety first, and firmly hold the bottom line of campus safety.

　　First, we should not relax our awareness of risk prevention. The focus of China’s prevention and control work has shifted from "preventing infection" to "protecting health and preventing severe diseases", and "Class B and Class B management" has been implemented. However, schools, teachers and students are still the key places and people for prevention and control. All local schools should stay awake and continue to do a good job in the prevention and control of epidemic situation and health on campus in accordance with the relevant spirit and prevention and control guidelines of their superiors.

　　The second is to optimize the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures. We should seriously prepare for going back to school. Before returning to school, organize teachers and students to do self-health monitoring. If there are symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, etc., antigen or nucleic acid detection should be carried out. If the results are abnormal, they must truthfully report to the school and delay returning to school. Before the start of school, all schools should carry out a comprehensive and thorough campus sanitation rectification and disinfection, and reasonably reserve epidemic prevention materials and medicines. To adjust the optimal detection strategy. The school no longer carries out nucleic acid screening for all staff, and teachers and students do not need to provide nucleic acid certificates when entering and leaving the school gate and campus public areas. When the epidemic is not prevalent, the off-campus personnel will no longer check the nucleic acid certificate when they enter the school; When the epidemic is prevalent, it is necessary to cooperate with the local health department to properly dispose of it according to the norms.

　　The third is to tighten the campus security string at all times. Schools around the country should further compact the responsibility of compaction safety, focus on the weak links and risk points of campus safety, and strengthen the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards; Cooperate with public security departments to carry out special actions to protect the school, implement the guard duty and inspection system, and improve the campus safety protection conditions; Implement the normalized work of eliminating evils, carry out special rectification against bullying, and strictly observe school rules and regulations; Implement the safety education and training system, carry out emergency evacuation drills regularly, and improve the emergency avoidance ability of teachers and students; Regularly investigate the hidden dangers of school buildings and ancillary facilities, and immediately rectify the problems found in the investigation, especially the problems found in campus safety protection facilities.

　　The meeting also called for an accurate understanding of the complexity of students’ mental health problems and the adaptation problems brought about by the "long winter vacation", and a good mental health education and various teaching arrangements.

　　The above-mentioned meeting in Fuzhou mentioned that according to the latest requirements of the Ministry of Education and provincial offices, all primary and secondary schools are not allowed to organize any form of centralized examination within two weeks after the start of school. According to the requirements of the higher authorities, the quality inspection examination time for Grade Three and Grade One will be appropriately postponed to the third week of February.

　　According to Zhejiang media reports, on February 6, Hangzhou primary and secondary schools will soon usher in a new semester. In the past two days, many primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Hangzhou have issued school opening notices, asking parents and students to prepare for school opening in advance. Many schools have mentioned the health monitoring in the week before the start of school. One week before the start of school, students carry out health self-tests such as measuring body temperature and observing clinical symptoms related to COVID-19 infection every day at home. Symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, etc. should be tested for antigen or nucleic acid, and the Fill-in Form of Health Abnormality should be truthfully filled out. If the test result is positive, delay returning to school.

　　Some schools also mentioned that an antigen or nucleic acid test should be done the day before school starts; If there are symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, etc., antigen or nucleic acid test should be carried out in time, and the Health Abnormality Fill Form should be truthfully filled in and reported to the school. If the test result is positive, the school will be delayed.

　　Shaoxing is also required to provide negative proof of nucleic acid. On January 30th, Yue Niu News learned from the Education and Sports Bureau of Shengzhou City, Shaoxing City that the end time of winter vacation is February 5th. If there are no special circumstances, primary and secondary school (kindergarten) students will start classes on February 6th, and the summer vacation time in 2023 is initially set as July 3rd.

　　In the past two days, many primary and secondary schools and kindergartens in Shaoxing have issued notices, asking parents to fill out the "Student Health Punch" in advance, including providing negative proof of nucleic acid, and prepare for school.

　　Ningbo media reported that on February 8, Ningbo primary and secondary schools are about to usher in a new semester. Ningbo Haishu Foreign Language School and Ningbo No.15 Middle School have started to check the health situation to ensure the safe start of school. Ningbo Haishu Foreign Language School began to check the teachers’ health and return to Ningbo, and the class teacher learned about the students in the class to ensure the safe start of school.

　　According to Jinhua Daily, in the past two days, some schools in Jinhua City have issued school opening reminders, asking parents and students to prepare for school opening in advance, and fill out the Health Monitoring Form for School Opening in Spring of 2023 as required, reminding them to detect antigens or nucleic acids in time if they have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue and sore throat. If the test results confirm that they are infected with the virus, they must truthfully report to the school, delay returning to school and not go to school to study with illness.

　　Earlier, Jinhua Education Bureau released a message on January 18th, requesting that teachers and students should do a good job of daily home health monitoring seven days before the start of school. Health monitoring was carried out for 7 consecutive days after teachers and students returned to school to reduce the gathering of people. Primary and secondary schools (kindergartens) carry out nucleic acid detection such as teacher-student screening, rotation inspection and sampling inspection according to the epidemic situation and the actual situation of the school, but it is not used as a certificate for teachers and students to enter and leave the school gate.

　　Recently, official website, National Health Commission, released a message, and the comprehensive group of joint prevention and control mechanism in the State Council issued the Operational Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in novel coronavirus, among which the Operational Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Infection in novel coronavirus in Schools put forward specific requirements for the prevention and control of epidemic situation in campus.

　　The "Guide" requires that schools without epidemics carry out normal offline teaching activities. During the epidemic peak, primary and secondary schools and kindergartens adopt strict closed management, and colleges and universities can implement district management. When teachers and students have symptoms such as fever, dry cough, fatigue and sore throat, they don’t come to school to work or study with illness. If the test results confirm that you are infected with the virus, you must truthfully report to the school and delay returning to school. The temperature of teachers and students was measured when they entered the school. The school places common disinfection products at the entrance of the school building, the entrance of the stairs, the entrance of the elevator, etc., and the dining table in the canteen is equipped with partitions, so that students can eat at different peaks. Reduce the class size appropriately and increase the distance between desks and chairs. Refine the grading diagnosis and treatment methods of infected people in schools, and reserve symptomatic treatment drugs, antigen detection reagents and commonly used epidemic prevention materials for novel coronavirus infection in schools at all levels. Do not organize teachers and students in rehabilitation period to participate in strenuous exercise.

　　The Guide makes it clear that colleges and universities will no longer carry out all-staff nucleic acid screening. Unless it is really necessary to go back to school across regions, teachers and students in colleges and universities are not required to provide nucleic acid certificates when they enter and leave the school gates and campus public areas. University hospitals set up fever clinics and implement a 24-hour duty system. Teachers and students in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens will no longer provide nucleic acid certificates when they enter and leave the school gate. When the proportion of infected people is relatively large, they can stop offline classes and implement online teaching in class or grade. At the same time, implement the morning and afternoon inspection system, the epidemic reporting system of infectious diseases, and the tracking registration system for absenteeism due to illness.