分类： jherigjtf

At this year’s National People’s Congress, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that as long as we implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, and accelerate the realization of scientific and technological self-reliance, we will certainly be able to continuously improve the competitiveness and sustainability of China’s development, seize the initiative and win the future in the increasingly fierce international competition. How to further promote high-quality development? The Economic Daily invited seven authoritative economists to interpret it.

Lin Yifu, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and President of Peking University New jiegou Research Institute:

We have the ability to maintain a reasonable medium and high-speed growth.

Lin Yifu said that China is building a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. The larger the domestic market, the stronger the ability to digest products.　

Lin Yifu said that no matter how the outside world changes, as long as we keep our determination, do our own thing well, make good use of the advantages of the domestic big market, as well as the advantages of latecomers and overtaking in industrial upgrading and technological innovation, and unswervingly deepen reform and open wider to the outside world, China is fully capable of maintaining reasonable medium-and high-speed growth under the uncertain international environment, and bringing opportunities for the development of other countries, becoming the main force to promote world economic recovery.

Yang Weimin, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and deputy director of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Economic Commission:

Respond to risk challenges with strong manufacturing industry

Yang Weimin said that a strong manufacturing industry is the need to improve China’s competitiveness. The focus of the United States’ containment of China is innovation. The manufacturing industry is the carrier of hard technological innovation, and it is also the carrier of technological iteration and progress.

"This century epidemic has given us an important revelation, that is, to develop the economy, we must have a strong manufacturing industry." Yang Weimin said that under the external impact, we still maintained a certain economic growth rate, relying on the manufacturing industry. The epidemic has the greatest impact on the service industry, especially the face-to-face service industries such as restaurants and cinemas. If China does not have strong manufacturing capacity, it will be difficult to meet the demand when the international epidemic spreads, and it will be difficult to maintain the economic growth rate.

Hu Xiaolian, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Chairman of The Export-Import Bank of China:

Financial support for foreign trade industry is strong and solid.

Hu Xiaolian said that to support the development of foreign trade industry, export needs financial support not only in the last stage, but also depends more on the manufacturing capacity. Therefore, financial support should help foreign trade enterprises to strengthen their foundation, support foreign trade manufacturing enterprises to carry out scientific and technological research and development, technological transformation, equipment upgrading, etc., so that enterprises can better improve product quality.

Hu Xiaolian said, at the same time, we should pay attention to the financing support for the industrial chain of foreign trade production. In the upstream of large-scale backbone production enterprises, many enterprises will provide related parts and accessories, and credit support should be extended to the upstream enterprises to ensure a more stable industrial chain.

Li Daokui, member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and President of China Institute of Economic Thought and Practice, Tsinghua University:

New urbanization is an important growth point of China economy.

Li Daokui believes that the new growth point of China’s economy mainly comes from three aspects:

The first is new urbanization. New-type urbanization and the resulting economic and geographical redistribution are the most important growth points of China’s economy, and the cross-regional flow of population, resources and information has great development opportunities.

Followed by industrial upgrading. In the future, we can generate more high value-added products, such as high-performance chips and aircraft engines.

The third is a low-carbon economy. Low-carbon industry needs new investment to promote. We should promote the establishment of a unified national market for carbon emissions, and under the guidance of market mechanism, make low-carbon industries gradually replace high-carbon industries and create new growth points for low-carbon economy.

Member Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and President of China Academy of Fiscal Science Liu Shangxi:

This year’s fiscal policy focuses on "one reduction and one increase"

Liu Shangxi said that to promote high-quality economic development, a proactive fiscal policy should enhance efficiency. Macroscopically, a proactive fiscal policy should have a leverage effect and a leverage effect. At the micro level, enterprises should have a better sense of gain, stimulate the vitality of market players and have more endogenous motivation.

Liu Shangxi said that this year’s fiscal policy focuses on two aspects, on the one hand, tax rebate and tax reduction, and on the other hand, increasing expenditure intensity. This "one reduction and one increase", from a macro perspective, is conducive to stabilizing macroeconomic operation and preventing economic decline; From the microscopic point of view, it is conducive to opening up the national economy, stimulating the vitality of micro-subjects and further safeguarding people’s livelihood.

Zhang Lianqi, Member of the Standing Committee of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Vice President of China Taxation Society:

What is reduced is tax, and what is increased is confidence.

Zhang Lianqi said that at present, China’s economy is facing new downward pressure, and more than 150 million market players are the strength and resilience to stabilize the basic economy. In view of the difficulties encountered by market players, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households and manufacturing industries, taxes are reduced, confidence is increased, and an optimized business environment is increased. If you save the enterprise, you will save employment and people’s livelihood, and save hope.

Zhang Lianqi suggested that it is necessary to reduce the tax burden of enterprises, improve the profitability of enterprises, let enterprises "go into battle lightly" and enhance their ability to cope with risks; Encourage manufacturing enterprises to increase investment in R&D and innovation, attract more high-tech innovative talents, strengthen research on core technologies and common technologies, promote the engineering and industrialization of innovation achievements, and enhance core competitiveness.

Member Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Dean of Tsinghua University Institute of Economics and Management Bai Zhongen:

Achieving the goal of double carbon requires more consumer participation.

Bai Zhongen said that in order to achieve the goal of "double carbon" more efficiently, the carbon emission trading market should play a greater role, allowing consumers to participate in the trading of carbon emission rights and more people to participate in the process of achieving the goal of "double carbon".

Bai Zhongen suggested that the emission quota should be distributed to consumers free of charge, and consumers should trade in the consumer market, and the power sector should buy it in the market. When the electricity price rises, because consumers get the emission quota, they can sell the quota to get a certain income, which can hedge the negative impact of consumers’ price increase, which can make the energy distribution more reasonable.

　

　　Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu answered a reporter’s question. CCTV reporters He Chuan and Gao Yuting took photos.

　　CCTV News:On the morning of March 7, the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress held two press conferences in the Media Center.

　　At 8: 50, Xiao Jie, Minister of Finance, Shi Yaobin and Hu Jinglin, Vice Ministers, answered questions from Chinese and foreign journalists on "fiscal and tax reform and financial work".

　　At 10: 30, Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture, and Pan Xianzheng, spokesperson and director of the general office of the Ministry of Agriculture, answered questions from Chinese and foreign journalists on issues related to "implementing the rural revitalization strategy to promote agricultural transformation and upgrading".

　　The questions in the two press conferences involved many issues closely related to people’s lives, involving the vital interests of almost everyone.

　　Everyone will benefit from this year’s tax reform.

　　Xiao Jie said that everyone will benefit from this year’s personal income tax reform.

　　Shi Yaobin said that this personal income tax reform willAccording to the change of residents’ basic living consumption level.And put forward a proposal to raise the threshold;Special deduction has been added.First of all, the focus of choice is on children’s education, serious illness medical care and other people’s most urgent needs and concerns; Reform and improve the mode of individual income tax collection,Transforming the classified tax system into a personal income tax system that combines comprehensiveness and classification.. For example, the labor income such as wages and salaries, labor remuneration, royalties, etc. are combined as comprehensive income, and then a basic deduction fee is determined, which is called the threshold, and then taxation is carried out.

　　These people may enjoy real estate tax relief.

　　When talking about the collection of real estate tax, Shi Yaobin said that real estate tax is a tax system or a tax generally adopted by most countries, which can be roughly summarized into these four or four common institutional arrangements.　

　　First, all industrial and commercial housing and individual housing will be taxed according to its evaluation value, that is, according to the evaluation value.　

　　Second, there are some tax preferences in the real estate tax system of all countries. For example, certain deduction standards can be made, or some difficult families, low-income families and special difficult groups can be given certain tax relief. Of course, the specific methods are different and the level is different, but there are some tax incentives.　

　　Third, this tax is a local tax, and its income belongs to the local government. Local governments use these revenues to meet some expenses such as education, public security and other public infrastructure provision.　

　　Fourth, because the tax base of real estate tax is complicated or very complicated, it is necessary to establish a complete tax collection and management model, so that real estate tax can be collected and collected fairly.　

　　When talking about China, Shi Yaobin said that our general idea is to legislate first, fully authorize and advance step by step.At present, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Budget Working Committee, Ministry of Finance and other relevant parties are working hard to draft and improve the draft law on real estate tax.China is designing a reasonable real estate tax system by absorbing the experience of other countries and combining the national conditions of China. take for exampleMerge and integrate some related taxes, and reasonably reduce some tax burdens of real estate in construction transactions.And so on, so that the real estate tax system in China can be more reasonable and fair.

　　In 2017, 730 million poverty alleviation funds were recovered for false reporting, fraudulent use and misappropriation.

　　Hu Jinglin said that in 2017, the Ministry of Finance organized a special inspection of the financial special poverty alleviation funds of 874 counties in 28 provinces.Recovered 730 million yuan of funds falsely claimed and misappropriated, held 450 people accountable, and exposed 15 typical cases.. Next, we will further improve the system, plug the loopholes in the system and management, and continue to intensify investigation and punishment, with special funds for poverty alleviation as the focus of inspection. For violations of discipline and discipline, find together, investigate together, accountability together, and exposure together.

　　Promoting Rural Revitalization Strategy to Make Farmers an Attractive Occupation

　　Hu Jinglin said,Rural revitalization can not be separated from the investment of real money.The Ministry of Finance will raise funds through multiple channels to guide more funds to invest in rural areas through cross-regional transactions of land saving indicators, so that more people in rural areas can share the fruits of urban development; Significantly increase the scale of poverty alleviation funds to support poverty-stricken areas to get rid of poverty; Increase investment in education, health, medical care and social security in rural areas, so as to improve the level of public services enjoyed by farmers; Strengthen the supervision of funds and resolutely guard against "fly-like" corruption that occurs around the masses; Fully implement the performance management of funds for supporting agriculture, so that the people can know how to use the funds and the effect of their use.

　　Han Changfu said,The Ministry of Agriculture launched a survey of "100 rural households"120 cadres were sent to 30 provinces, cities and 60 villages for a month-long resident survey, which is to conduct a panoramic survey of the actual situation of rural grassroots, especially rural areas, including the political, economic, cultural, ecological, social and grassroots organization construction in rural areas, so as to provide first-hand materials for the implementation organization of rural revitalization strategy. In the future, we should make agriculture a promising industry, make farmers an attractive profession and make the countryside a beautiful homeland where people can live and work in peace and contentment. Rural people can not only enjoy the same public facilities and services as urban people, but also have beautiful environment and rural scenery. The countryside will become a scarce resource in the future and will become a place that people in the city yearn for.

　　As a matter of policy, city dwellers are not allowed to buy homesteads and build houses in rural areas.

　　Han Changfu said,It is not allowed for city people to buy homesteads and build houses in rural areas.. Because the homestead belongs to the rural collective, only having the membership of the rural collective economic organization can obtain the right to use the homestead of the collective economic organization according to the law, which is a unique right of the members of the collective economic organization, and in principle, it is a house for one household.

　　China’s rural contracted land has realized the separation of three powers, that is, the separation of ownership, contracting right and management right, which can also be used for reference to the use of homestead and idle houses. On the basis of insisting that the ownership of homestead belongs to farmers’ collectives and the qualification belongs to members of collective economic organizations, the right to use homestead is moderately released. Through various ways, idle farmhouses can be better utilized. For example, providing entrepreneurial places, some places develop rural tourism farmhouses. In recent years, the central government has deployed pilot projects in 33 counties (cities, districts) and accumulated some experience, which will be gradually copied and promoted on the basis of summary. (Text/Ren Jia)

　　A few days ago, the General Administration of Market Supervision held a press conference to introduce the "Guiding Opinions on Revoking the Company Registration by Using Other People’s Identity Information" (hereinafter referred to as the "Guiding Opinions"). After clarifying the "legal person" and "shareholder", I can conduct remote identity verification on the Internet and submit materials. After 45 days of publicity, no other people raise objections and no lawsuits appear, the market supervision department can directly determine that the impersonation registration is established.

　　Since 2014, China has continuously promoted the reform of the commercial system, which has facilitated the investment and entrepreneurship of market players. However, there are also a few lawless elements who fraudulently use other people’s identities to defraud registration. At present, there are 36.154 million registered enterprises in China, and the number of reports received by market supervision departments at all levels for fraudulent use of other people’s ID card information for registration is about 29,000, accounting for 0.08%.

　　This kind of illegal behavior has brought great trouble to the parties concerned and caused negative social impact. We must crack down severely, increase the illegal cost and disciplinary punishment for dishonesty, so as to nip in the bud.

　　Since 2016, the General Administration of Market Supervision has vigorously promoted the electronic registration of enterprises. Combined with the actual situation, various localities have basically established online identity verification and electronic signature mechanisms by purchasing services, which has prevented the problem of fraudulent use of identity and false registration to a certain extent.

　　In order to improve the real-name verification method for offline enterprise registration, from 2018, the General Administration of Market Supervision promoted the construction of the "National Real-name Verification System for Enterprise Registration Identity Information" based on the unified identity authentication system of the national government service platform, which was officially put into operation on March 1, 2019. At present, nearly 4 million users in China have registered the "Enterprise Registration Related Natural Person Authentication APP", and the normal pass rate of face recognition is about 98%, which has played an important role in curbing fake registration.

　　Chang Yu, director of the Credit Supervision Department of the General Administration of Market Supervision, said that the Guiding Opinions minimized the reporting threshold in view of the difficulties, materials and high costs of complaints after the "legal person" and "shareholder" were generally reflected by the masses. For example, if I can’t be present in person, I can conduct remote identity verification online to avoid running back and forth; It is not required to provide handwriting identification materials, which greatly saves the cost of reporting. The fraudulent person only needs to verify his identity, make a simple registration and submit a copy of the existing ID card to complete the process of reflecting the situation.

　　Chang Yu said that a national database of persons responsible for false registration will be established, and the persons directly responsible will be entered into the database. As long as these people register with the market supervision department again, the market supervision department will strictly examine them, increase their illegal costs, and cooperate with relevant departments to implement joint credit punishment.

　　The market supervision department will strengthen coordination and cooperation with public security, taxation and other relevant government departments and judicial organs to jointly crack down on illegal and criminal acts of fraudulently using other people’s identity documents.

　　[PConline evaluation]The technological revolution has promoted a new round of competition for entrance, and artificial intelligence has stood on the wave of the new era, giving out excited and urgent laughter. The fields it covers have expanded exponentially to almost all scientific and technological products and services, and it has begun to evolve into a brand-new infrastructure. It makes people crazy and awe.

　　What is the entrance to the era of artificial intelligence? "Front-end interaction" and "back-end intelligence". The most well-known and widely used is speech recognition in front-end interactive technology. The processing of natural speech has become the main way of human-computer interaction in the future, and it is also the biggest entrance in the early stage of artificial intelligence.

　　The artificial intelligence TV we are going to talk about today is the most representative product of human-machine voice interaction in living room entertainment. Because the interaction of TV is far less abundant than that of mobile phones and personal computers, voice control has become the best means to liberate the interaction of smart TV.

　　However, the voice interaction on smart TV is not as perfect as expected, and there are still many daily needs that cannot be realized through voice interaction. The content of the interaction is limited to the existing settings, not to mention intelligence. The breadth and depth of TV voice usage scenarios are lacking.

　　Until 2018, after Hisense upgraded the VIDAA smart TV system to the VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system, a voice interaction revolution broke out in smart TV. Artificial intelligence voice interaction can be so easy to use. The new VIDAA AI system has begun to enable artificial intelligence TV to truly understand the inner needs of users.

　　What are the pain points of voice interaction of smart TV? Speech recognition has slow response, low recognition rate and small recognition range … … Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system, through a new upgrade, will eliminate these old interactive pain points one by one.

　　Speech recognition goes through several stages: sound collection-speech recognition-semantic understanding-content matching-result display. The processing of each stage is related to the speed and accuracy of the whole interaction.

　　Sound acquisition stageHisense adopts lossless data compression algorithm, which makes the voice data smaller and easier to transmit, and reduces the packet loss rate by 30%.
　　Speech recognition stageHisense cooperated with Iflytek to introduce its speech recognition engine, which reached the same level in recognition accuracy and led the industry in dialect support.
　　Semantic understanding stageHisense’s enhanced version of the Intention Understanding Engine has achieved the latest technological innovations in semantic analysis, fuzzy understanding, knowledge map and contextual relevance, and Hisense Voice has become the most user-friendly TV in the industry.
　　Content matching stageRelying on more than 20 million TV users, Hisense has established the largest database system for TV application scenarios in the industry; At the same time, on the basis of the original business scope, it has expanded the contents closely related to daily life such as clothing, food, housing and transportation.
　　Result display stageHisense’s software system is optimized as a whole, and the speed of application startup and interface switching is increased by 25%, and the response is super fast. Moreover, Iflytek speech synthesis scheme is introduced to support 11 kinds of voice broadcast timbres.

Comprehensive experience of VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system

　　Just talk about not practicing fake tricks. Since there is such a strong technical support, let’s take a look at the real strength of the VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system.

　　By experiencing the video, we can clearly see and hear that Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system responds very quickly to the author’s various language instructions, the feedback results are accurate, and the questions that can be answered are also very comprehensive.

　　This constitutes the three speech recognition standards of Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system: fast, accurate and complete. Of course, this is only a solid basic skill, and there are more extremely difficult voice interactions to open your eyes.

　　Hisense has achieved three revolutionary changes through the upgrade of artificial intelligence: First, it has achieved a more advanced man-machine dialogue and has an exclusive interactive experience of "five rounds of continuous dialogue". Second, 33 kinds of person relationship recognition are realized to accurately understand the user’s intention. Third, 34 kinds of life scenes are responsive, covering major life scenes such as live broadcast, education, games, shopping, music, food, Chinese-English translation, booking air tickets and train tickets, booking hotels, and inquiring about scenic spots.

Characteristic function experience of VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system

　　Five rounds of continuous dialogue

　　The most difficult part of voice interaction is the cohesion of contextual content. For example, if you want to watch a movie, you have searched through European and American blockbusters, but suddenly you want to be optimistic about suspense movies in European and American blockbusters, so you say "suspense". Here, most intelligent voices begin to be circled, and the results you may get only include the keyword "suspense". If we continue to give conditions, it will become more and more chaotic.

Contextual multi-round dialogue animation demonstration

　　The Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system can achieve five rounds of continuous dialogue in context. For example:

　　The first sentence: "I want to see a movie."
　　The second sentence: "European and American"
　　The third sentence: "Don’t be horrible."
　　The fourth sentence: "the latest"
　　The fifth sentence: "Don’t be Jackie Chan’s"
　　Reply at this time … …
　　Hisense: Find the latest European and American movies X for you.

　　Identification of 33 Main Characters’ Relationships

　　Sometimes we think of watching a movie, but we often forget the exact information of the play. We only remember one of the actors, or even the characters related to this actor. How can we quickly find the play you want to watch? At this point, the role-related search becomes extremely important.

　

　　For example, ask "Sun Li’s movies", then ask "her husband’s movies" and then ask "their movies". Three problems. Most intelligent voices can only solve the first one. But the VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system can identify the relationships of up to 33 characters, such as "Who is Sun Li’s ex-girlfriend?" "Ma Yili’s husband’s movie" can handle all these complicated relationships.

　　34 categories of life scene services

　　Smart TV has a high-quality big screen, which is a visual shock that can’t be experienced on any other device, and naturally it can accommodate more content. If the interactive mode becomes more efficient, shopping, finding food and booking air tickets from TV will become extremely intuitive and calm.

　　Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system moved its huge life scene service to artificial intelligence TV, and provided a high-quality interactive experience on the basis of intelligent voice interaction. After using it, I may really return to the mobile phone with a big screen.

　　TV Taobao shopping, you can intelligently search for "the same coat in Tamia Liu" or even "Chinese cabbage" for a few dollars, and click "Buy Now" to place an order; Food search, you can directly say "nearby food", there will be food shops praised by the US Mission, and you can place an order with a sweep of your mobile phone. If you want to buy a plane ticket, just say "air ticket from a certain place to a certain place on a certain day of a certain month" and the system will automatically help you search and Ctrip will scan the code to place an order.

　　6 dialects, all-round coverage

　　In addition, query weather and stocks, and open games and applications in the system; Simple mathematical calculation, setting alarm clock, calendar reminder; Translation, ancient poetry; Smart home control, video calling and so on can be controlled by voice.

　　Of course, don’t be surprised if you don’t speak ordinary, because Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system supports six dialects: Cantonese, Sichuan dialect, Mandarin with dialect accent, Hunan dialect, Shanghai dialect and Minnan dialect. Is there anything else you don’t understand?

　　Many TV search contents only support the search of a certain business, such as searching for plants vs. zombies, and only game applications may appear, while Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system not only appears games, but also movies, education, shopping and other contents of plants vs. zombies. Because it can realize the unified search of all services and support the search of multi-service contents such as movies, education, games, applications, commodities, music and encyclopedia.

　　Summary:With the increasing functionality of smart TV, we urgently need a simpler way of interaction, and voice service has taken on this important task. Hisense’s newly upgraded VIDAA AI artificial intelligence system has injected fresh blood into the pursuit of user experience and product design for smart TV. It brings us an intelligent voice service experience with faster response, stronger understanding and wider coverage. This wave of Hisense VIDAA AI artificial intelligence will continue to set off the interactive revolution of smart TV!

For several months, with the development of ChatGPT and other chat robots, artificial intelligence and its prospects have attracted worldwide attention. However, people pay little attention to the application of artificial intelligence in conflicts and its impact on civilians. In the war-torn Russia-Ukraine front, the extensive use of weapons such as unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned boats, patrol missiles and smart mines will herald a future in which human beings will use their own weapon systems to wage war.

On August 4, a Ukrainian unmanned boat attacked a Russian amphibious landing ship moored in the Russian Novorossiysk military port, causing serious damage to the latter. A series of recent attacks on government buildings in Moscow are also related to Ukrainian drones. The Russian army, on the other hand, used a large number of suicide drones or patrol missiles on the land battlefield and achieved remarkable results.

According to the Jerusalem Post reported on August 10th, a British think tank, GlobalData, recently released a report, saying that "although the public’s interest in AI has increased greatly mainly due to the release of ChatGpt more than half a year ago, the military of various countries have already paid attention to the future application of AI in the battlefield, especially the autonomous weapon system capable of deep learning."

AI and autonomous weapon system

Autonomous weapon system refers to a weapon system with autonomy in "important functions", that is to say, this weapon can choose (search or monitor, determine and track) and attack (intercept, use force to confront, offset, destroy or destroy) targets without human intervention.

Autonomous weapon systems choose targets and use force against them without human intervention. After being initially started or launched by a human, the autonomous weapon system starts or triggers an attack on its own according to the environmental information received from the sensor and based on the general "target description". This means that the user has not chosen the specific target, exact time and/or place of the attack by using force from the autonomous weapon system, or even knows nothing about it.

Although at the current level of military science and technology, robots that fight automatically have not yet appeared, the unmanned trend of conflicts has become very obvious. In recent years, the patrol missile, which shines brightly in wars and conflicts, is a new concept ammunition, which has the potential to evolve into an autonomous weapon system in the future. This weapon can cruise over the target area, "stand by" and search for the target, and then attack after locating the target. In the Naka conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia in 2020, a large number of patrol missiles participated in the war, which profoundly affected the development of the war situation and attracted great attention from all countries. At present, in the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, both sides also use a large number of patrol missiles. The United States has provided Ukraine with patrol missiles such as Spring Knife and Phoenix Ghost, while Russia has used a large number of patrol missiles such as The Lancet and KUB-BLA. A large number of videos and photos have proved that such weapons have caused serious losses to personnel and weapons and equipment of both sides.

In the existing arsenals of various countries, many remote-controlled weapon systems have autonomous "modes", so they can only operate autonomously in a short period of time. Moreover, these weapons are extremely limited in the tasks they perform, the types of targets they attack and the environment in which they are used. Most existing systems are also monitored by human operators in real time.

However, with the development of military science and technology, the future autonomous weapon system may have more freedom of action when determining the attack target, which is not strictly limited by space and time, and can cope with rapidly changing situations.

According to a report by Defense One, the US military is increasingly interested in using artificial intelligence, especially machine learning, to control autonomous weapons. According to the report, machine learning software is "experienced" in data, and can create its own model for specific tasks and formulate strategies to complete the task. This kind of software can program itself to some extent. However, this model is usually a "black box", and it is extremely difficult for human beings to predict, understand and explain it, and it is also difficult to test how and on what basis the machine learning system realizes a specific evaluation or decision. Some machine learning systems will continue to "learn" during their use, that is, the so-called "active", "online" learning or "self-learning", which means that their task models will change with time.

ICRC: The international community urgently needs to strengthen discussions.

As early as 2015, the International Red Cross (ICRC) pointed out that the current speed of scientific and technological development and military interest in the autonomy of weapon systems make it urgent for the international community to consider the legal and moral impact of such weapons.

Recently, ICRC also published an article on its website on July 24th, arguing that the operation process of autonomous weapon system may bring harm to people (whether civilians or combatants) affected by armed conflict, and it is in danger of escalating the conflict. It will also challenge the observance of the rules of international law, such as international humanitarian law, especially the rules of hostilities for the protection of civilians. In addition, replacing human’s decision on life and death with sensors, software and machine programs will arouse human’s fundamental moral concern.

Therefore, the dialogue around the military use of artificial intelligence needs to incorporate the principles of international humanitarian law stipulated in the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. The international community should adopt a people-oriented approach to deal with the use of artificial intelligence in conflict-affected areas. Protective measures need to be established to help strengthen existing protective measures and reduce other risks.

At present, the discussion of lethal autonomous weapon system in the international community focuses on whether it can clearly distinguish combatants from non-combatants, and whether it will blur the actors of killing behavior. Some non-governmental organizations or lobbying organizations, such as "stop the killer robot movement", have advocated that the international community completely ban lethal autonomous weapon systems. Different opinions hold that the supervision of international law and domestic law can be strengthened.

According to the British "Guardian" reported earlier, at a related meeting in 2019, many representatives from developing countries agreed to completely ban lethal autonomous weapon systems or impose strict regulatory measures, but Britain, the United States, Russia, Australia and Israel expressed opposition to this. Britain’s reason is that at present, the British army is not equipped with a completely autonomous weapon system, and the relevant discussions are not sufficient, so it is not in favor of premature implementation of the "preventive ban."

　　In midsummer, some people often feel dizzy. If you don’t eat enough, you will feel dizzy, if you don’t sleep well, you will feel dizzy when you are tired, and you will feel dizzy when you are upset … … Many people think that dizziness is a trivial matter and will pass after a while.

　　Yu Xiaojun, deputy chief physician of the Second Ward of Neurology Department of Changsha First Hospital, recently told reporters that in the past three years, more than 1,600 patients with vertigo have been treated in wards and more than 3,000 patients have been followed up in outpatient clinics. She said that some inexplicable severe dizziness may be caused by diseases. If the diagnosis and treatment are not standardized, the best treatment opportunity may be missed.

　　Finding out the inducing factors can actively promote treatment.

　　Typical case

　　Miss Zhang from a foreign company in Changsha is under great pressure and always relies on strong coffee to refresh herself. Every month or two, she has to stay at home for a few days, because she always sees a flash in front of her eyes, and then the pulsating pain in her left head spreads from her forehead to the back of her head, feeling sick, nauseous and dizzy, afraid to open her eyes and move, and afraid of the light, annoying others to talk.

　　Xiao Wang is an athlete and likes to play table tennis. After playing ball recently, he took a cold shower and had a runny nose and sore throat, which did not attract attention. A week later, he suddenly appeared dizziness, nausea, vomiting and sweating, and was rushed to the hospital.

　　Expert tips

　　"Miss Zhang’s symptoms belong to a common vertigo disease, namely vestibular migraine, also known as migraine-related vertigo." Yu Xiaojun introduced. This disease often has some causes, such as fatigue, tension, mood change, poor sleep, temperature change, menstrual period, etc., and may also be caused by eating red wine, cheese, coffee, pickles and dried fruits. When there is an acute attack of dizziness and headache, it is necessary to stop pain, dizziness and vomiting. In remission, we should ensure good sleep, pay attention to living habits and avoid inducing factors.

　　Xiao Wang’s vertigo was diagnosed as vestibular neuritis by doctors, that is, inflammation of vestibular nerve and its peripheral receptors, which led to dysfunction of its function and then balance disorder. When Xiao Wang was dizzy and afraid to open his eyes, the doctor used antiemetic, sedative, low-dose hormone anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic drugs. At the same time, the doctor also instructed his eyes, hands and body to move in a targeted manner and carry out vestibular rehabilitation training. Yu Xiaojun pointed out that if the disease is not treated in time, the patient may be in a state of wobbly for a long time.

　　In addition, some factors can also cause dizziness, such as external auditory canal cerumen, foreign body, external auditory canal inflammation, etc. Trauma, infection, tumor, epilepsy, etc. Abnormal blood pressure, arrhythmia, anemia, etc. Hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism; Mental factors such as depression and anxiety; Myasthenia gravis, glaucoma, etc. Alcoholism, adverse drug reactions, poisoning; High temperature, intense heat, severe cold and environmental changes at high altitude.

　　Vertigo patients can always have carsickness medicine with them.

　　Typical case

　　The dizziness of middle-aged and elderly people is mostly caused by definite causes such as blood pressure, blood sugar and anemia. Liu Dad’s dizziness was caused by a sudden cerebrovascular disease. When Liu Dad got up in the morning, he suddenly felt dizzy and walked unsteadily, and soon he could not speak.

　　After being admitted to the hospital, the doctor diagnosed that Liu Dad was suffering from acute cerebral infarction, commonly known as stroke. The dizziness caused by it was central vertigo, and the common symptoms included language disorder, angular mouth and physical activity disorder. Fortunately, in time for medical treatment, Liu Wei did not leave sequelae of stroke.

　　Expert tips

　　"The reasons behind dizziness are complicated, so we should go to the hospital vertigo clinic for differential diagnosis and treatment in time, and strive to achieve the best rehabilitation effect with the fastest speed and the best scheme." Yu Xiaojun said.

　　Once appear giddy, how to alleviate? Yu Xiaojun believes that when vertigo attacks, you should immediately sit down or grab the object next to you to prevent accidental injury caused by falling. During the onset of vertigo, it is best to lie still, mainly on your side, to prevent aspiration or even suffocation caused by vomiting.

　　In daily life, patients with vertigo can always have some carsickness drugs around them, so that they can take them when the disease breaks out, which can obviously alleviate the symptoms of vertigo. When the disease breaks out, patients should try to avoid light irradiation or other strong light stimulation.

　　Specific vertigo patients should take medicine according to the doctor’s advice, such as Meniere’s disease, psychogenic dizziness, vestibular paroxysm, etc., and should not stop taking medicine suddenly. At the same time, it is suggested that patients keep a diary of vertigo, especially those whose diagnosis is not clear or who have frequent attacks. Keeping a diary of vertigo can not only grasp the regularity of the onset of the disease, but also provide doctors with accurate information of vertigo attacks, which can better help the treatment.

　　People with severe balance impairment should be careful against accidents.

　　Typical case

　　In the past six months, Ms. Wang has been easily upset and angry, and has anxiety and poor sleep quality. When you visit a shopping mall or go to a crowded place, you will feel light and drunk, and then get better after a while.

　　Ms. Wang came to the neurology department of the hospital and was diagnosed as chronic subjective dizziness after further examination by the doctor. The disease is characterized by high sensitivity to exercise and space, lying well, and dizziness is obvious when moving. After active anti-anxiety, psychological counseling, behavioral intervention and vestibular rehabilitation, Ms. Wang returned to normal life.

　　Expert tips

　　"In addition to chronic subjective dizziness, there is also a benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, commonly known as otolith." Yu Xiaojun introduced that as long as some patients lie on the bed, they will feel dizzy, sweating, nausea and vomiting, and they can only sit and sleep. Otoliths are normal calcium carbonate crystals in the body. Due to inflammation, trauma, osteoporosis, inner ear ischemia and other reasons, otoliths fall off and flow in the inner ear with the change of head gravity, which stimulates the abnormal excitement of the inner ear and leads to dizziness. Therefore, it is necessary to restore the lost otolith to its normal position through reduction treatment.

　　How to prevent dizziness? Yu Xiaojun suggested actively participating in sports and exercising, and doing brisk walking, jogging, square dancing or playing Tai Chi and table tennis step by step every day.

　　The diet should be nutritious, fresh and light, eat regularly, eat more low-salt and low-fat foods, try to avoid foods that can induce diseases such as cola, strong tea, coffee and pickled foods, and pay attention to quitting smoking and drinking less; Ensure adequate sleep, maintain a comfortable mood and emotional stability.

　　Patients with severe balance impairment should pay special attention to the details of life, such as comfortable shoes for feet and trying not to wear slippers; Turn on the light when getting up at night, and use auxiliary devices such as walkers or crutches when walking; The residence should be properly modified to increase safety, such as reducing obstacles in the room, placing anti-skid mats, and installing handrails.

　　Changsha Evening News All-Media Reporter Ryan Yang Correspondent Huang Pei Yang Ling

Cctv news: On July 5th, the website of the Ministry of Education released the statistical bulletin on the development of national education in 2022.

2022 is an extremely important year in the history of the party and the country. It is of great strategic significance and far-reaching influence to systematically plan the education of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China as the basic and strategic support for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way. In the face of profound changes in the internal and external environment, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the education system adheres to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, thoroughly studies and implements the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, actively promotes new progress in education, new achievements in all work, and new changes in the outlook of education, strives to make a good historical journey of building a strong educational country, and makes new educational contributions to building a socialist modern country and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way.

I. Synthesis

There are 518,500 schools at all levels in China, with 293 million students and 18,803,600 full-time teachers.

Second, preschool education

There are 289,200 kindergartens in China, a decrease of 5,610 or 1.90% over the previous year. Among them, there are 245,700 inclusive kindergartens, an increase of 1,033 or 0.42% over the previous year, accounting for 84.96% of the national kindergartens.

There were 46,275,500 preschool children, a decrease of 1,776,600 or 3.70% over the previous year. Among them, there are 41,440,500 children in inclusive kindergartens, a decrease of 741,600 or 1.76% over the previous year, accounting for 89.55% of the children in kindergartens nationwide, an increase of 1.77 percentage points over the previous year.

The gross enrollment rate of preschool education was 89.7%, an increase of 1.6 percentage points over the previous year.

There are 3,244,200 full-time teachers in preschool education, and the proportion of full-time teachers with college education or above is 90.30%.

Third, compulsory education

There are 201,600 schools in compulsory education in China. Compulsory education enrolled 34.3277 million students, 159 million students and 10.6546 million full-time teachers, and the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education was 95.5%.

1. Primary education

There are 149,100 ordinary primary schools in China, a decrease of 5,162 or 3.35% over the previous year. There are also 76,900 primary school teaching points, a decrease of 6,690 from the previous year.

The primary school enrolled 17,013,900 students, a decrease of 811,900 students or 4.55% over the previous year; There were 107 million students, a decrease of 478,800 or 0.44% over the previous year. There were 17,406,100 graduates, an increase of 225,800 or 1.31% over the previous year.

There are 6,629,400 full-time teachers in primary education; The ratio of students to teachers is 16.19: 1; The qualification rate of full-time teachers is 99.99%; The proportion of full-time teachers with bachelor degree or above is 74.53%.

Primary schools have a total school building area of 889.618 million square meters, an increase of 18.3282 million square meters over the previous year. The proportions of schools with up-to-standard facilities and equipment are as follows: 93.52% schools with up-to-standard sports venues (gymnasiums), 97.07% schools with up-to-standard sports equipment, 96.81% schools with up-to-standard music equipment, 96.79% schools with up-to-standard art equipment and 96.62% schools with up-to-standard mathematical and natural experimental equipment, all of which are higher than the previous year.

There were 2,847,500 classes in primary school, a decrease of 23,200 over the previous year. There were 13,800 large and super-large classes with more than 56 students, a decrease of 0.72 million over the previous year, accounting for 0.48% of the total number of classes, a decrease of 0.25 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, there were 373 super-large classes with more than 66 students, a decrease of 109 over the previous year, accounting for 0.01% of the total number of classes, a decrease of 0.01 percentage points over the previous year.

2. Junior high school education

There are 52,500 junior high schools (including 8 vocational junior high schools) in China, a decrease of 391 or 0.74% over the previous year.

The number of students enrolled in junior high school was 17,313,800, an increase of 259,400 or 1.52% over the previous year. There were 51,206,000 students, an increase of 1,021,600 or 2.04% over the previous year; There were 16,239,200 graduates, an increase of 367,800 or 2.32% over the previous year.

There are 4,025,200 full-time teachers in junior high school education; The ratio of students to teachers is 12.72: 1; The qualification rate of full-time teachers is 99.94%; The proportion of full-time teachers with bachelor degree or above is 91.71%.

The junior high school has a total school building area of 786.4835 million square meters, an increase of 30.5465 million square meters over the previous year. The proportions of schools with up-to-standard facilities and equipment are as follows: 95.68% schools with up-to-standard sports venues (gymnasiums), 98.08% schools with up-to-standard sports equipment, 97.88% schools with up-to-standard music equipment, 97.88% schools with up-to-standard art equipment and 97.75% schools with up-to-standard scientific experimental equipment, all of which are higher than last year.

There are 1,118,500 classes in junior high school, an increase of 19,600 over the previous year. There were 4,522 large and super-large classes with more than 56 students, a decrease of 2,703 over the previous year, accounting for 0.40% of the total number of classes, a decrease of 0.25 percentage points over the previous year. Among them, there were 174 super-large classes with more than 66 students, an increase of 68 over the previous year, accounting for 0.02% of the total number of classes, an increase of 0.01 percentage points over the previous year.

3. Children of migrant workers

There are 13,646,800 children of migrant workers in the compulsory education stage. Among them, 9,698,600 students attended primary schools and 3,948,300 students attended junior high schools.

Fourth, special education

There are 2314 special education schools in China, an increase of 26 or 1.14% over the previous year.

Recruited 146,300 students with various forms of special education, a decrease of 2,805 over the previous year; There were 918,500 students in school, a decrease of 1,265 or 0.14% over the previous year. Among them, there are 335,700 students in special education schools, accounting for 36.54% of the students in special education.

There are 72,700 full-time teachers in special education.

Fifth, high school education

The gross enrollment rate in senior high school was 91.6%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the previous year.

1. General high school education

There are 15,000 ordinary high schools in China, an increase of 441 or 3.02% over the previous year.

Ordinary high schools enrolled 9,475,400 students, an increase of 425,900 students or 4.71% over the previous year; There were 27,138,700 students, an increase of 1,088,500 or 4.18% over the previous year; There were 8,241,000 graduates, an increase of 438,800 or 5.62% over the previous year.

There are 2,133,200 full-time teachers in ordinary high school education; The ratio of students to teachers is 12.72: 1; The qualification rate of full-time teachers is 99.03%.

Ordinary high schools have a total building area of 680.349 million square meters, an increase of 36.728 million square meters over the previous year. The proportion of schools with up-to-standard facilities and equipment in ordinary senior high schools is as follows: 94.46% schools with up-to-standard sports venues (gymnasiums), 96.50% schools with up-to-standard sports equipment, 95.85% schools with up-to-standard music equipment, 96.05% schools with up-to-standard art equipment and 96.18% schools with up-to-standard scientific experimental equipment, all of which are higher than the previous year.

2. Secondary vocational education

There are 7201 secondary vocational schools in China, with the same diameter decreasing by 93 compared with the previous year.

Secondary vocational education enrolled 4,847,800 students, with the same diameter decreasing by 42,100 students or 0.86% compared with the previous year. There were 13,392,900 students, with the same diameter increasing by 274,800, or 2.09%. There were 3,992,700 graduates, with the same diameter increasing by 239,000, or 6.37%.

There are 718,300 full-time teachers in secondary vocational education; The ratio of students to teachers is 18.65: 1; The proportion of full-time teachers with bachelor degree or above is 94.86%; "Double-qualified" full-time teachers account for 56.18% of full-time teachers in professional (technical) courses.

VI. Higher education

There are 3013 institutions of higher learning in China. Among them, there are 1239 ordinary undergraduate schools (including 164 independent colleges), an increase of 1 over the previous year; 32 vocational schools at the undergraduate level; 1489 higher vocational (junior college) schools, an increase of 3 over the previous year; There are 253 adult institutions of higher learning, 3 fewer than the previous year. There are also 234 scientific research institutions that train graduate students.

The total number of students in various forms of higher education is 46.55 million, an increase of 2.25 million over the previous year. The gross enrollment rate of higher education was 59.6%, an increase of 1.8 percentage points over the previous year. The average size of an ordinary undergraduate school is 16,793, the average size of an undergraduate vocational school is 19,487, and the average size of a higher vocational school is 10,168.

The number of graduate students enrolled was 1,242,500, an increase of 66,000 or 5.61% over the previous year; Among them, there are 139,000 doctoral students and 1,103,500 master students. There were 3,653,600 graduate students, an increase of 321,200 over the previous year, an increase of 9.64%; Among them, there are 556,100 doctoral students and 3,097,500 master students. There are 862,200 graduate students, including 82,300 doctoral students and 779,800 master students.

The number of undergraduate students enrolled was 4,679,400, an increase of 233,400 over the previous year, with an increase of 5.25%. In addition, there were 866,200 undergraduate students enrolled in junior colleges. There were 19,656,400 students in school, an increase of 725,400 over the previous year, an increase of 3.83%; There were 4,715,700 graduates, an increase of 434,700 or 10.15% over the previous year.

There are 76,300 vocational undergraduate students enrolled, an increase of 34,900 over the previous year, with an increase of 84.39%, and there are 33,100 undergraduate students enrolled from junior colleges. There were 228,700 students, an increase of 99,400 over the previous year, an increase of 76.91%.

The enrollment of higher vocational colleges (specialties) was 5,389,800 (excluding the enrollment of 542,900 people transferred from five-year higher vocational colleges to specialties), and the same diameter increased by 315,900 people, an increase of 6.23%; There were 16,709,000 students, an increase of 808,000 or 5.08% over the previous year; There were 4,947,700 graduates, an increase of 963,600 or 24.19% over the previous year.

Adult undergraduate enrollment was 4,400,200, an increase of 614,900 or 16.24% over the previous year; There were 9,336,500 students in school, an increase of 1,010,000 over the previous year, an increase of 12.13%; There were 3,300,700 graduates, an increase of 521,200 or 18.75% over the previous year.

The number of students enrolled in online colleges was 2,808,900, a decrease of 30,300 or 1.07% over the previous year. The number of students in school was 8,446,500, a decrease of 292,500 or 3.35% over the previous year; There were 2,618,900 graduates, an increase of 28,300 or 1.09% over the previous year.

The national self-study examination for higher education has registered for 3,984,100 person-times and obtained 361,700 graduation certificates.

There are 1,977,800 full-time teachers in higher education, including 1,315,800 in ordinary undergraduate schools; There are 27,800 vocational schools at the undergraduate level; There are 619,500 higher vocational (junior college) schools; There are 14,700 adult colleges and universities. The ratio of students to teachers is 17.65:1 in ordinary undergraduate schools, 18.31:1 in vocational schools at undergraduate level and 19.69:1 in higher vocational schools.

Ordinary and vocational colleges and universities have a total building area of 1,130,805,500 square meters, an increase of 43,132,600 square meters or 3.97% over the previous year. The per capita floor space is 51.63 square meters, the per capita school building area is 25.21 square meters, and the per capita teaching, research and practice equipment value is 17,527.82 yuan.

VII. Private education

There are 178,300 private schools at all levels in China, 7,451 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 34.37% of the total number of schools at all levels in China. There were 52,827,000 students, a decrease of 3,460,600 compared with the previous year, accounting for 18.05% of the total number of students at all levels in China. Among them:

There are 160,500 private kindergartens, a decrease of 6,213 compared with the previous year, accounting for 55.49% of the total number of kindergartens in China; There are 21,267,800 kindergarten children, a decrease of 1,852,500 compared with the previous year, accounting for 45.96% of the preschool children in China.

There were 10,500 private schools in compulsory education, 1,626 fewer than the previous year, accounting for 5.23% of the total number of schools in compulsory education in China. There were 13,568,500 students (including 7,363,700 government-purchased degrees), a decrease of 3,172,500 over the previous year.

4,300 private ordinary high schools, an increase of 292 over the previous year, accounting for 28.62% of the total number of ordinary high schools in China; There are 4,977,900 students, an increase of 474,500 over the previous year, accounting for 18.34% of the students in ordinary high schools in China.

There are 2073 private secondary vocational schools, an increase of 95 over the previous year, accounting for 28.79% of the total number of secondary vocational schools in China; There are 2,762,400 students, an increase of 86,100 over the previous year, accounting for 20.63% of the students in secondary vocational education in China.

There are 764 private colleges and universities, accounting for 25.36% of the total number of colleges and universities in China. Among them, there are 390 ordinary undergraduate schools; 22 vocational schools at the undergraduate level; 350 vocational (junior college) schools; 2 adult colleges and universities. There are 9,248,900 students in private general and vocational colleges, an increase of 791,500 over the previous year, accounting for 25.27% of the students in the national general and vocational colleges.

As a person who has been wandering around the Internet for a long time, the current network gives me the feeling that there is too much hostility. No matter whether it is Weibo, WeChat WeChat official account, bilibili or Zhihu, there are fewer and fewer quality articles, and peaceful discussions are becoming scarcer and scarcer, and there are many sides and emotional confrontations everywhere. People are more and more inclined to form their own small circles. Everyone only entertains themselves in small circles, and they are more and more exclusive to dissidents.

In the era of forums and post bars, there are a lot of dry goods on the Internet, and people with different views can often hold public discussions and gradually reach a consensus in the debate. However, after the rise of Weibo, WeChat, headlines and other media, people tend to form their own small circles, and people often entertain themselves in small circles, forming information cocoons. The public discussion function of the network tends to die.

First, the forum and post bar era, the golden age of online discussion

Not to mention entertainment, if we only talk about serious topics such as history and politics, the forum and post bar era is undoubtedly the golden age of online discussion. At that time, high-quality posts abound, and you can always see different opinions and arguments below. The dry goods of post bars and forum posts are far from being comparable to those of Zhihu, WeChat official account, Toutiao and Weibo today.

There are two reasons for this situation. First, there were relatively few netizens at that time, and the average education was high. After the popularity of smart phones, a large number of people, even middle school students and primary school students, could participate in public discussions, and the average quality of netizens decreased.

But more importantly, forums, post bars and blogs promote public discussion. Forums have huge organizational rules, high entry threshold and various functions. Blogs encourage writing long articles and are suitable for in-depth discussion. Post bars, as a simplified version of the forum, push this form to the public.

I used to hang out with Post Bar for a long time. I was a frequent visitor to Cold Weapon Bar, Medieval Bar, Trump Bar (blocked) and the attacking giant bar. Compared with today’s social media, the public discussion function of Post Bar is powerful. Everyone can speak freely under the post of Post Bar, and different people’s opinions can be well presented. In addition, Post Bar has an extremely perfect management system, with bar owners, bar owners Jr., video editor, photo editor and many other positions. The whole bar management is equivalent to a quasi-bureaucratic organization.

Bar owners’s choice needs two conditions. One is the experience value, which is often accumulated by signing in and posting. The higher the experience value, the more active the candidate is. At the same time, bar owners candidates need to get Baidu’s official approval to ensure that they have no violations. After bar owners takes office, he can appoint bar owners Jr. and photo editor to form his own bar service team. In addition, bar owners can also formulate group rules. For example, the cold weapon bar requires that if you want to post in the bar, you must reach level 4 or above, which prevents simple spraying. Bar owners and George W. bar owners have the power to manage the bar, but they are often checked and balanced by Baidu officials. This management model has promoted public discussion.

At that time, what I stayed most was the cold weapon bar, the Trump bar and the attacking giant bar. Two of them would discuss politics and history, but they could tolerate dissidents. For example, although the cold weapon bar often draws on the emperor, if it is an emperor who pays attention to historical materials and evidence, the bar service will never be restricted. For example, Trump, at that time, fans of Chuanfen and Hillary Clinton were incompatible, but neither side completely restricted the other party’s speech. The bar service was generally only banned from users who often swear, and normal discussions were never prohibited. At that time, there were public discussions every day in the bar, and everyone went to the external network to find articles and data to prove their views. The discussion was very enjoyable.

Another example is the attacking giant bar and the attacking giant analysis bar. Because it is anime content, it is suppressed by Baidu officials at least, so the space for discussion is also the largest. There are a lot of fine stickers. Everyone expresses their opinions below and analyzes the attacking giant incisively and vividly. As the only remaining post bar in the old era, the attacking giant analysis bar represents the style of the post bar era.

However, since the rise of Weibo, WeChat and Headline products, the discussion space on the Internet is getting smaller and smaller.

(giant analysis is the only remaining relic of the old times)

(After Baidu Post Bar was cleaned up, it completely declined. Before that, there were a lot of dry top posts in the cold bar, which was my historical enlightenment.)

Second, commercialization, recommendation algorithm and information cocoon room, the network began to circle.

Weibo rose in 2011. Since the trend of Internet in China began to change, the biggest innovation in Weibo was short and pithy. In the past, forums, post bars and blogs encouraged everyone to post nutritious boutique stickers, and everyone discussed them around them, but Weibo directly broke this rule. He limited the number of words to 140 at most. This pursuit of short and fast greatly reduced the quality of content, and people tended to attract attention rather than discuss issues, although Weibo recently cancelled it.

In addition to fast food, Weibo has also brought commercialization. The degree of commercialization in Weibo is extremely deep, and it is full of various marketing numbers, navy and advertisements. The biggest evil result of this commercialization is that public discussion has become a tool to make money. In the past, in forums and post bars, everyone discussed politics and current events only to discuss current events, and their differences were real differences of views. Nowadays, many big V’s are all about making money. In order to make money, they often deliberately stir up contradictions and create troubles. They will even say things that are completely contrary to their true position, except that they used to pretend to be well-known and earn money from hating the country, but now they pretend to be patriotic V and cut off patriotic traffic. This commercialization makes all political discussions become money-making games.

I sometimes go to twitter. Although the environment of twitter is not very good, it is still much better than that of Weibo. The storm of public opinion caused by Weibo is enough to make the world feel ashamed. I’m afraid this confusion is not necessarily the contradiction, but the commercial marketing intensifies the contradiction. Everyone is advocating public opinion for making money. If we don’t change this operating logic and just stick to supporting the system or opposing it, the internet environment in China will never improve.

Another fatal thing is the recommendation algorithm. No matter Taobao, Weibo or headline products, they all use the recommendation algorithm. They secretly collect your privacy, judge your preferences, and then keep recommending your favorite information to you. Since then, your information source has been completely controlled, and you will mistakenly think that the people with your opinion are the majority in China, and you can no longer see dissidents. Because you have always accepted a fixed point of view, you will lose the ability to accept different points of view after a long time.

Because the recommendation algorithm can be profitable efficiently, more and more platforms have begun to strengthen the algorithm, and even WeChat WeChat official account has begun to make headlines, and the algorithm has taken control of our brains.

　

Weibo, Toutiao and WeChat official account are all one-way interactions between users from the media. It is very difficult for users to discuss, and it is difficult for people with different views to communicate with each other. The only place with discussion space is WeChat group, but the management of WeChat group is too private, and the group owners generally don’t invite people who disagree with them. Others can’t get in without the consent of the group owners. In addition, the number of groups is limited, so the function of public discussion is far weaker than that of posting.

Commercialization, recommendation algorithm and privacy have finally formed the pattern of today’s network. Everyone is divided into one circle after another. Often, a big V brings its own audience and another big V brings its own fans. Big V only produces what fans want to see, and there are more and more differences between fans of different big Vs. Therefore, once public events break out or big social problems appear, there is neither communication channels nor communication between different groups.

If we just discuss entertainment, this kind of information cocoon room is harmless. However, for politics and current affairs, it is often the case that the stronger the people’s consensus is, the more problems can be solved. If the gap between people on these issues is getting bigger and bigger because of the Internet, the whole country will eventually be torn apart. Now the United States has tasted this evil result (social media has intensified political polarization since 2016). Our country has power control, but if it loses control, where will it go?

Internet should consider not only economic benefits, but also social benefits, and the control network should not be the content of control, but should change the logic of social media operation. If the logic of commercialization and recommendation algorithm is not modified, then no matter what position, it will become more and more extreme.

I hope that the future Internet can promote people’s mutual understanding, instead of intensifying the existing contradictions. Breaking the information cocoon room is good for everyone.

　

The evil consequences of the information cocoon room have already appeared in the United States.