分类： gkjdfkgd

　　　 [XCAR Information Original]　

　　　　As we all know, engine, gearbox and chassis are the three key components of an automobile, and they are also the core technologies that a vehicle manufacturer must master. In the last article, we talked about the achievements of independent brands in engine research and development. In the early stage, independent manufacturers mostly used imitation and purchase to obtain engine technology. Compared with engines, the lack of self-owned brands in automatic gearbox technology is more obvious. The research and development of automatic gearbox is difficult, with high technical content, and it is difficult to imitate in a short period of time, which makes it impossible for self-owned brands to develop automatic gearboxes that can be applied on a large scale at present.

Technical blockade! Automatic gearbox inventory of dozens of autonomous vehicles

　　　　There is a great demand for automatic gearbox in the market, and the demand is still growing, which makes independent brands can only obtain automatic gearbox by purchasing. However, the lack of their own technology and the restrictions of foreign gearbox manufacturers also lead to the limited choice of automatic gearbox for independent brands, and most of the products they carry do not have much technical advantage. Today, what we are going to introduce to you are several automatic gearboxes that are common in our own brand models.

　　　● AT gearbox

　　　　Manual gearbox is mainly composed of gears and shafts, which produce variable speed and torque through different gear combinations; The automatic gearbox AT is composed of hydraulic torque converter, planetary gear and hydraulic control system, which realizes variable speed and torque by means of hydraulic transmission and gear combination.

　　　　Hydraulic torque converter is the most characteristic component of AT gearbox, which is composed of pump wheel, turbine and guide wheel, and directly inputs engine power to transmit torque and clutch action. Pump wheel and turbine are a pair of working combinations, which are like two fans placed opposite each other. The wind from one active fan will drive the blades of the other passive fan to rotate, and the flowing air — — Wind becomes the medium of kinetic energy transfer.

　
Hydraulic torque converter of conventional automatic gearbox

　　　　If air is replaced by liquid as the medium to transfer kinetic energy, the pump wheel will drive the turbine to rotate through the liquid, and then a guide wheel is added between the pump wheel and the turbine to improve the transfer efficiency of the liquid. Because the range of automatic speed change and torque change of hydraulic torque converter is not large enough and the efficiency is low, several rows of planetary gears are connected in series behind the turbine to improve the efficiency, and the hydraulic control system will automatically control the planetary gears with the change of engine work, thus realizing automatic gear shift.

　　　　Self-owned brand AT gearbox provider 1: Aisin Seiki

　　　　Manufacturer profile:Japan Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd. is one of the world’s top 500 enterprises and the ninth largest auto parts manufacturer in the world. Founded in 1949, the company is the main supplier of Toyota auto parts, and its auto parts manufacturing technology is world-famous.

　
Aisin Seiki provides AT gearboxes for most domestic independent manufacturers.

　　　　Aisin Japan Co., Ltd. is an import and export trading company specializing in auto parts, auto warranty equipment, hardware, mechanical equipment, power tools and other products. About 95% of the company’s sales come from auto parts, but the company also manufactures refrigeration equipment and cutting machines, as well as consumer products such as beds and sewing machines. Aisin Seiki has subsidiaries in the United States, Europe, Asia and Australia.

　　　　Roewe 750

　　　　Aisin Triple-Mode five-speed automatic manual transmission

　　　　Named KV6, the 2.5 V6 engine is mounted on the Roewe 750, SAIC’s first self-owned brand model. It is said that it is of the same ancestry as the Land Rover Freelander in the UK, and it is also made of aviation-grade all-aluminum material in terms of materials, which not only reduces the weight by 40%, but also improves the efficiency by 20%, and can explode 135KW at 6500 rpm. With EVIC-III intelligent dual-valve variable air intake control technology, the maximum power is 135KW/6500rpm and the maximum torque is 240Nm/4000rpm.

　
SAIC Roewe 750

Roewe 750 gearbox comes from Aisin.

　　　　Matching this V6 engine is a five-speed Triple-Mode intelligent adaptive automatic gearbox from Aisin-Warner, Japan. There are three modes: normal mode, sports mode and snow mode. In sports mode, you can obviously feel the rise of power level.

　　　　Roewe 550/MG6

　　　　Aisin 5-speed Tiptronic gearbox

　　　　Roewe 550 is equipped with a 1.8L ordinary aspirated engine and a 1.8T turbocharged engine respectively. The 1.8T all-aluminum engine can output the maximum power of 118kw horsepower at 5500 rpm and the maximum torque of 215Nm at 2500-4500 rpm. Numerically, the Roewe 550 lags behind the Volkswagen engine with the same 1.8T engine in terms of torque output.

Roewe 550 is equipped with Tiptronic five-speed automatic manual transmission provided by Aisin.

　　　　Roewe 550 automatic transmission adopts 5-speed Tiptronic automatic manual transmission made by Aisin, which has excellent performance, both the advantages of simple operation of automatic transmission and the advantages of arbitrary manual transmission. However, in actual driving, Roewe 550 is more comfortable, and the power and gearbox are relatively mild, without too intense control.

　　　　In addition, MG6, which is on the same platform as Roewe 550, is also equipped with Japanese Aisin Tiptronic five-speed automatic manual transmission. After the driver hangs in manual mode, he can also manually shift gears through the shift paddles behind the steering wheel to improve driving pleasure.

　　　　Roewe 350

　　　　Aisin 4-speed Multi-Mode automatic gearbox

　　　　The 1.5L naturally aspirated engine equipped on the Roewe 350 uses a silent timing chain and a VTi multi-angle continuous variable timing system (variable timing of intake and exhaust), with a maximum power of 80kw/6000rpm and a maximum torque of 135Nm/4500rpm. With 5-speed manual transmission and 4-speed automatic transmission.

Roewe 350

Roewe 350 gearbox is equipped with a four-speed gearbox provided by Aisin.

　　　　Roewe 350 is equipped with the 4-speed Multi-Mode automatic gearbox of Aisin Japan, which can be adjusted and corrected according to the driver’s driving habits and road conditions to ensure the smoothness when shifting gears.

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Aisin is the main supplier of AT gearbox with its own brand.

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　　　　Pentium B50

　　　　Aixin AQ250 series six-speed automatic manual transmission

　　　　Pentium B50 is equipped with Volkswagen’s 4-cylinder 8-valve single overhead camshaft engine, and its technology is old. The maximum power of 74kW/6000rpm and the maximum torque of 145Nm/3800rpm are a little behind in the same displacement. However, this Volkswagen engine, which is also equipped on Jetta and Sagitar, has more than 2.3 million units in China, which means that the maintenance and repair of this engine is more convenient and economical.

Pentium B50 is equipped with 6-speed automatic manual transmission provided by Aisin.

　　　　Matching this engine is an Aisin AQ250 series six-speed automatic manual transmission, which is easy to be mistaken for the same one used by sagitar and Bora. Although both are six-speed automatic manual transmission, the Pentium B50 is not Tiptronic six-speed automatic manual transmission, but Aisin’s six-speed automatic manual transmission. This gearbox matches Volkswagen’s 1.6L engine very well.

　　　　Pentium B70

　　　　Aisin 5-speed automatic manual transmission

　　　　Pentium B70 and mazda 6 belong to the same platform model, with 2.3L and 2.0L powertrains. The 2.0L engine is the main engine, equipped with the same 2.0L engine as mazda 6, with the maximum power of 146 HP /6500rpm and the maximum torque of 183Nm/4000rpm, and with S-VT variable valve timing and VIS variable intake manifold technology.

B70 is equipped with a 5-speed automatic manual transmission provided by Aisin.

　　　　Like mazda 6, the Pentium B70 is equipped with a 6-speed manual transmission or a 5-speed automatic manual transmission, which is provided by Aisin Seiki.

　　　　Guangzhou automobile chuanqi

　　　　Aisin 5-speed automatic manual transmission

　　　　GAC Chuanqi officially rolled off the assembly line on September 3rd. The first batch of GAC Chuanqi off the assembly line was equipped with a 2.0L engine. This engine did not adopt the direct injection technology previously speculated by the media, but was an ordinary naturally aspirated model with a maximum power of 110kw/6300rpm. Then GAC will launch Chuanqi’s 1.8L model.

Chuanqi will carry a variety of models from 1.8 to 2.4L.

5-speed automatic manual transmission provided by Aisin.

　　　　Chuanqi will match the 5-speed manual or 5-speed automatic manual transmission, instead of the AMT gearbox previously speculated by the media. The 5-speed manual transmission is also from Fiat, which is the original manual transmission of Alfa Romeo 166, while the 5-speed automatic manual transmission is from Aisin Seiki, Japan, which is also a very mature and reliable product.

　　　　Dongfeng fengshen S30

　　　　Aisin Step-gate four-speed intelligent automatic transmission

　　　　Fengshen S30’s 1.6L engine equipped with PSA, a partner, has stable and reliable quality. The maximum power reaches 78KW, and the torque output reaches 85% of the maximum at 1,500 rpm, 90% at 2,000 rpm, and reaches the maximum torque of 142Nm at 4,000 rpm.

Dongfeng fengshen S30

Dongfeng fengshen S30 gearbox comes from Aisin.

　　　　Fengshen S30 automatic gearbox is equipped with Japanese Aisin Step-gate four-speed intelligent automatic transmission, which is calibrated by German GIF company. The automatic gearbox has mature technology, can automatically learn and remember the driver’s driving habits, and can provide the desired shift mode at any time.

　　　　Chang ‘an Yuexiang

　　　　Aisin DSS 4-speed automatic transmission

　　　　Changan Yuexiang is equipped with a 1.5L displacement engine, with a maximum power of 72kw and a maximum torque of 137Nm, and its maximum torque can be output at 3500 rpm.

Yuexiang is equipped with Aisin DSS 4-speed automatic transmission

　　　　Yuexiang’s automatic transmission model matches the original Aisin DSS 4-speed automatic transmission imported from Japan. The biggest feature of this gearbox is that the electronic control replaces the traditional hydraulic control, which realizes life-long maintenance-free and no need to change lubricating oil, and has longer service life, stronger reliability, better ride comfort and economy.

　　　　Brilliance Junjie cross

　　　　Aixin 4-speed automatic gearbox

　　　　Junjie Cross1.5L and 1.6L engines are available. 1.5L engine is 4a151.5l in-line 4-cylinder dual overhead camshaft VVT-i variable valve technology engine independently developed by Brilliance Auto. The rated power of this engine is 75kw/5500-6000rpm, and the maximum torque can reach 135Nm/4500rpm. The 1.6L engine is a Mitsubishi 4G18 1.6L engine from dongan power, with a power of 74kw/6000rpm and a maximum torque of 138Nm/4500rpm.

Junjie cross is equipped with Aisin 4-speed automatic transmission.

　　　　Junjie Cross is equipped with Aisin 4-speed automatic transmission, with automatic manual function. Compared with the four-speed automatic gearbox used in the self-owned brand models below 100,000 yuan, its shift smoothness is at the leading level.

　

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Self-owned brand model equipped with Aisin AT gearbox

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　　　　Independent brand AT gearbox supplier II: Mitsubishi Corporation

　　　　On February 1st, 2010, the first auto automatic transmission imported from Japan’s Mitsubishi technology was officially rolled off the assembly line in Dongan Mitsubishi. At this point, Dongan Mitsubishi will be able to provide automobile engines, manual gearboxes and automatic gearboxes.

Mitsubishi engines are widely used in self-owned brands.

　　　　The first phase of the automatic gearbox project of Dong ‘an Mitsubishi has been completed, which can produce 4AT and 5AT gearboxes, and has the technical space to upgrade to 6AT, with an annual production capacity of 150,000 units, meeting the power transmission demand of engines with displacement of 1.3L－2.4L.

　　　　Brilliance Junjie FRV

　　　　Mitsubishi 4-speed automatic manual transmission

　　　　Junjie FRV adopts Mitsubishi 4G18S and 4G13S power engines in the whole car series, of which the maximum power of 4G13S engine is 62.5KW/6000rpm. The maximum torque output is 108/4500 Nm/rpm. It will be equipped with a 5-speed manual transmission and a 4-speed automatic manual transmission from Mitsubishi.

Brilliance Junjie FRV

Mitsubishi’s 4-speed automatic gearbox

　　　　Self-owned brand AT gearbox supplier 3: Japan JATCO Company

　　　　JATCO is the third largest manufacturer of automatic gearbox design in the world. Founded in 1943, JATCO is one of the three largest suppliers of automatic gearbox in the world.

　　　　Its business covers Europe, Asia and America, and mainly provides automatic gearboxes for most mainstream vehicle manufacturers such as Nissan, Mitsubishi, Mazda, BMW, Volkswagen, Land Rover, Jaguar, Kia, Hyundai, Daewoo, Changan Ford and Brilliance, with an annual supply of more than 4 million units. Jeep Guide, Dongfeng Nissan Sylphy and Ford Mondeo are all equipped with gearboxes produced by JATCO.

　　　　Byd F3

　　　　JATCO four-speed automatic gearbox

　　　　BYD F3 is equipped with 1.6L and 1.5L power, and the platinum version is equipped with Mitsubishi 4G15S inline four-cylinder /16-valve, using Mitsubishi MVV vertical vortex lean combustion technology. The maximum power can reach 78 kW at 6000 rpm and the peak torque of 134Nm at 4500 rpm. Match 5-speed manual or 4-speed automatic gearbox.

Byd F3

A 4-speed automatic gearbox produced by JATCO.

　　　　BYD F3 automatic transmission uses the original imported 4-speed automatic gearbox produced by Japanese manufacturer JATCO. The four-speed gearbox produced by JATCO company has mature and reliable technology, and its matching with Mitsubishi engine is excellent. Mitsubishi Corporation has completed all the vehicle calibration work for the powertrain, and its power performance, fuel economy and maneuverability have reached a high level.

　　　　Independent brand AT gearbox supplier 3: Hyundai Motor

　　　　In 1967, Zheng Zhouyong founded Hyundai Motor Company. After more than 40 years of development, it has become the largest automobile manufacturer in South Korea and entered the ranks of world-famous automobile companies.

　　　　Chery Ruiqi G5

　　　　Hyundai 5f25at gearbox

　　　　The Ruiqi G5 automatic transmission model will also use the 2.0TCI engine independently developed by Chery, with a maximum power of 116Kw/5000rpm and a peak torque of 250Nm. The 2.0TGDI turbocharged direct injection engine has a maximum power of 144kw/5500rpm and a maximum torque of 290Nm/1800rpm. Due to the large output torque, only the 6-speed manual gearbox is matched.

　
Ruiqi G5 is equipped with a 5-speed automatic transmission provided by Hyundai.

　　　　The 2.0TCI engine of Ruiqi G5 matches the 5AT gearbox provided by Hyundai. This automatic gearbox is 5F25, with five forward gears and the maximum transmission torque of 250Nm.

　　 Independent brand AT gearbox supplier 4: Geely (independent research and development)

　　　　Geely panda

　　　Geely JL-ZA 142 fully automatic 4-speed gearbox

　　　　Panda uses 1.0L and 1.3L displacement engines. The 1.0L engine has a maximum output power of 50KW, a peak torque of 88Nm when the speed reaches 3600 rpm, and a lifting power of 52kw. CVVT technology is adopted. The other 1.3L engine, code-named MR479Q, has a maximum power of 63kW and a maximum torque of 110N·m, which is basically equivalent to the same displacement engine on the market.

　

Geely panda

A 4-speed automatic gearbox independently developed by Geely.

　　　　The automatic version of Panda is equipped with JL-ZA142 fully-automatic 4-speed gearbox independently developed by Geely. It was successfully developed by Geely after three years of huge investment. It not only won the first prize of scientific and technological progress in China automobile industry, but also won the evaluation of "advanced level of international similar products". This is also the only automatic gearbox with independent intellectual property rights in China. Independent research and development makes panda automatic transmission models have great advantages in price.

　

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Other AT gearbox suppliers

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　　　●　continuously variable transmission

　　　　CVT has no specific gear, and its operation is similar to that of automatic gearbox, but the change of speed ratio is different from the trip stop process of automatic gearbox, but continuous, so the power transmission is continuous and smooth.

　　　　The advantages of CVT are as follows: First, the power output of CVT gearbox is linear, and the shifting frustration caused by it also disappears, which is very smooth in actual driving. Secondly, the transmission system of CVT can have infinitely many gears in theory, and the gear ratio, speed ratio and the balance of performance, fuel consumption and exhaust emission in the traditional transmission system are easier to achieve. Finally, the mechanical efficiency and fuel economy of CVT transmission are much better than ordinary automatic transmission, second only to manual transmission, and the fuel economy is much better.

continuously variable transmission

　　　　So CVT has no shortcomings? The answer is no, first of all, when starting or accelerating, CVT steel belt or belt is prone to slip, which will affect the power transmission, thus affecting the acceleration feeling. Secondly, CVT steel belt or belt material requirements are relatively high. Although CVT has a simple structure, if it fails, it is generally not a minor problem. This will affect the use of car owners and increase maintenance costs.

continuously variable transmission

　　　　One supplier of CVT gearbox: Punch Company of Belgium

　　　　Belgian Punch (Bang Qi) Company is a German ZF company specializing in the production of transmissions (including CVT).

　　　　Under the premise that international automobile manufacturers have blocked the key technologies in China, Bang Qi is also the only overseas manufacturer that provides CVT gearboxes for domestic independent brands, and the gearboxes provided are not the most advanced products at present, and the actual performance is average.

　　　　Southeast V3 Lingyue

　　　　Punch VT2 transmission

　　　　V3 Lingyue is equipped with 4A91 engine produced by Shenyang Aerospace Mitsubishi, and uses the latest MIVEC variable valve timing system of Mitsubishi Motors, which truly reaches the international advanced level of natural inhalation, with a maximum power of 120 HP and a maximum torque of 143Nm/4000rpm.

V3 Lingyue CVT version adopts intelligent CVT continuously variable gearbox with 6-speed manual gear.

　　　　The V3 Lingyue automatic transmission is equipped with a new generation VT2 CVT CVT produced by Punch, a famous transmission company. The transmission adopts the technology, technology and production line of Punch company completely, with 6-speed automatic manual transmission and various intelligent modes such as snow and sports, so that drivers can choose the most suitable driving mode according to their own driving habits and climatic factors.

　　　　Great Wall Tengyi C30/ Xuanli/Lingao

　　　　Punch VT2 transmission

　　　　Great Wall Tengyi C30, Xuanli and Lingao are all equipped with GW4G15 engine. GW4G15 engine is an all-aluminum gasoline engine developed by Great Wall Motor, which adopts double overhead camshaft, 4 cylinders and 16 valves, plastic intake manifold and VVT technology. With a maximum power of 77kW and a maximum torque of 138Nm, this engine can easily achieve Euro IV emission.

Tengyi C30

Tengyi C30 is equipped with CVT gearbox provided by Bang Qi.

　　　　Tengyi C30 and CVT continuously variable transmission carried by Xuanli and Lingao are internationally renowned original imported products from PUNCH, Belgium. It is worth mentioning that this type of CVT has also been applied to the old Mini Cooper, and its value has increased by 27.80% compared with that of 4AT transmission at 0-100km/h, 19.30% at 80-120km/h and 18% at 100-140 km/h.

　　　　Emgrand EC7

　　　　Punch VT2 transmission

　　　　Emgrand EC718 is powered by Geely’s JL-4G18 CVVT engine with a displacement of 1.8L The maximum power is 102kW (139HP) /6200rpm and the maximum torque is 172Nm/4200rpm.

Geely emgrand EC718

　　　　The CVT gearbox matched with Emgrand EC7 1.8L engine is a VT2 CVT continuously variable transmission from Belgian Punch (Bang Qi) company, which has three modes: manual (6-speed), sports and economy (normal).

　　　　BYD G3

　　　　Punch VT2 transmission

　　　　BYD G3 has four models with 1.5L and 1.8L displacement. The 1.5L model adopts BYD473QB and Mitsubishi 4G15S champion engines independently developed by BYD, the 1.8L model adopts BYD483QA engine independently developed, and the 1.8L automatic transmission model adopts the newly developed CVT continuously variable gearbox, with the maximum output power of 90kw at 6000 rpm and the maximum torque of 160Nm at around 3700 rpm.

BYD G3 is equipped with CVT gearbox provided by Bang Qi.

　　　　BYD G3 uses a CVT transmission of VT2 type in Bang Qi. Its technical feature is that it can simulate a 6-speed manual transmission and also has a sport mode.

　　　　CVT gearbox supplier II:Jiang Lu Rong da

　　　　Hunan Jianglu Rongda Vehicle Transmission Co., Ltd. was established in November 2003. It was established by Hunan Jianglu Machinery Group, Hunan Xicheng Industrial Group and Northern Transmission Company on the basis of the original Hunan Rongda Automobile Electronic Technology Co., Ltd., with a registered capital of 88 million yuan. It is a high-tech company specializing in the development, production and technical services of continuously variable transmission (CVT) of cars in China.

　　　　Lifan 620

　　　　Lifan 620 CVT still uses the lf479q2 1.5L engine produced by Lifan, with a maximum power of 69kW and a maximum torque of 128Nm at 3500 rpm.

Lifan 620

Lifan 620 gearbox is provided by Jianglu Rongda.

　　　　The steel belt, the core technology of CVT gearbox in lifan 620, comes from Bosch. Compared with the ordinary version of AT gearbox, equipped with CVT technology, it can improve power by 10% and save fuel consumption by 10%-15%, with a fuel consumption of 7.5L per 100 kilometers.

　

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Self-owned brand models equipped with CVT gearbox

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　　　　●AMT gearbox

　　　　Automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) is a new type of transmission that electronically controls the traditional dry clutch and manual gear transmission to realize automatic shifting, and its control process basically simulates the driver’s operation. According to the driver’s intention, the electronic control part of AMT gearbox can automatically control the clutch and shift process. More complicated, we don’t need to go into details. In fact, we can imagine the shift process of AMT in this way. His clutch and shift mechanism are controlled by electronic parts, and the shift will be automatic naturally.

　
Electric control device and hydraulic actuator of AMT

　　　　The biggest advantage of AMT gearbox is that it does not need to make too much changes to the existing manual gearbox, and its technical structure is relatively simple, and the cost is not too high for manufacturers. In fact, AMT is a manual gearbox with electronically controlled clutch and shift program, so it is the same dry clutch as manual transmission, so the transmission force is more direct and the fuel consumption is more economical. The ordinary AT gearbox adopts hydraulic "clutch", which will have some losses in energy transmission and slightly higher fuel consumption.

AMT is somewhat similar to an automatic manual transmission.

　　　　Of course, AMT has obvious shortcomings, that is, the shift quality is not high and it is prone to frustration. If you don’t step on the accelerator, the car won’t move forward even if you shift into D gear. This is somewhat different from the ordinary AT gearbox.

　　　　AMT gearbox supplier: Ma Ruili.

　　　　Manetti-Ma Ruili Group is one of the members of the world’s top 500 Italian FIAT GROUP, with a history of more than 90 years. Manetti Ma Ruili, headquartered in Corbetta, Milan, is a multinational group company engaged in the research, development, design and production of automobile parts, systems and components in the automotive industry, and is in a leading position in the design and manufacture of automobile parts and high-tech systems.

Manietti Ma Ruili, a subsidiary of Fiat, which produces AMT, has established a joint venture in Shanghai.

　　　　Tianjin FAW Weizhi

　　　　Ma Ruili Freechoice AMT

　　　　The VIOS 1.3L and 1.5L models are equipped with Toyota engines code-named 8A and 5A respectively, but only the sedan 1.5L automatic flagship model is an automatic transmission model, equipped with Toyota’s 5A+ engine. Although the technology is not advanced, the maximum power of 75kW/6000rpm and the maximum torque of 130Nm/4400rpm are more than enough to propel VIOS’s 1-ton body.

　

Weizhi

Weizhi is equipped with an AMT semi-automatic gearbox provided by Ma Ruili.

　　　　Weizhi automatic gear matches an AMT semi-automatic gearbox provided by Ma Ruili. This AMT automatic manual transmission has five forward gears, and P gear is cancelled, followed by "left, middle and right arrangement", with N gear and R gear on the far right, D gear in the middle, and a lever slot on the far left to switch between "automatic" and "manual" modes. Its disadvantage is that the shift impact is obvious and the ride comfort is not as good as that of the common automatic gearbox.

　　　　qiruiqq

　　　 Ma Ruili AMT

　　　　At the end of 2009, Chery launched two 1.0L models equipped with AMT gearbox, which also increased the number of models equipped with AMT gearbox in Chery QQ3 from the original two to four, with displacement of 1.0L and 1.1L.. The maximum power and torque of the 1.1L engine are 68 horsepower /6000rpm and 90Nm/3500-4000rpm respectively.

Chery QQ3

Chery QQ3 is equipped with AMT semi-automatic gearbox provided by Ma Ruili.

　　　　Chery QQ3 AMT model is equipped with a complete set of computer-controlled hydraulic shift system designed and manufactured by Italian Ma Ruili company, which can simulate the driving actions of excellent drivers and choose the best shift timing. According to official data of Chery, AMT model not only saves about 13% fuel than traditional automatic cars, but also saves about 9% fuel than similar manual cars.

　

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Self-owned brand models equipped with AMT gearbox

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　　 Extended reading:Real kung fu? Shantou? Detailed explanation of six high-end autonomous engines

　　　　Engine is the heart of a car, and it is also one of the core technologies of a car. A car manufacturer can not build seats, tires or multimedia systems, and even a gearbox can be obtained by purchasing. But what is certain is that no international automobile enterprise even introduces engines by purchase. Engine research and development has become the most invested and enthusiastic research and development project of automobile manufacturers, and it can also be regarded as one of the main signs to measure a manufacturer’s technical strength.

Shantou? Real kung fu? Detailed explanation of six high-end autonomous engines

　　　　The research and development of self-owned brand engines started from scratch, from imitation to independent innovation. Although there is still a big gap with the international level, there are also many excellent products in just over ten years. If you can’t remember which engines are available at the moment, don’t worry. Below we will present and introduce these independent research and development achievements to you.

　　　　Chery 2.0TGDI: Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine in Independent Brand

　　　　Vehicle models: Ruiqi G5 and Ruiqi G6.

　　　　Technical Keywords: Turbocharging, Direct Injection, Variable Valve Timing

　　　　In a word: Turbocharged direct injection technology is no longer the patent of Volkswagen, and Chery’s icebreaking finally made these technologies go down the altar and return to the public.

　　　　Chery’s progress in engine research and development is obvious to all. At first, it jointly developed its own ACTECO engine with AVL of Austria. This series of engines are technically quite satisfactory, and there is not much advanced technology applied, and the power output is also very general. However, ACTECO engine laid the foundation for Chery to develop more advanced engines.

Ruiqi G5 2.0TGDI

　　　　During this year’s Beijing Auto Show, Chery launched the Ruiqi G5 equipped with a 2.0TGDI engine. In order to promote this engine, Chery spared no expense to hire Messi to endorse it. Regardless of the final influence, this turbocharged direct injection engine is still worthy of recognition.

Chery 2.0TGDI engine

　
Turbocharger with intercooler (left) Real shot of 2.0TGDI engine (right)

　　　　The 2.0TGDI engine of Ruiqi G5 has a maximum power of 144kw/5500rpm and a maximum torque of 290Nm/1800rpm. Several technologies, such as direct injection GDI in gasoline cylinder, turbocharged intercooling TCI and variable valve timing VVT, are applied. Previously, Chery also launched a 2.0TCI engine with a maximum power of 116Kw/5000rpm and a peak torque of 250Nm. From the data. The 2.0TGDI engine has obvious advantages.

The 2.0TCI engine of Ruiqi G5.

　　　　The 2.0TSI engine carried by Volkswagen Magotan has a maximum power of 147kw/5000-6000rpm and a peak torque of 280Nm/1800-5000rpm. From the data point of view, the power output of Chery 2.0TGDI engine is almost the same, but in terms of reliability and practicality, Chery 2.0TGDI still needs to stand the test of time.

2.0TGDI engine output characteristic curve

　　　　The maximum torque of the 2.0GTDI engine reaches 290Nm, which exceeds the maximum bearing torque of the modern 5AT gearbox of 250Nm, so it is only equipped with a 6-speed manual gearbox, while the 2.0TCI model is equipped with a 6-speed manual gearbox and a 5-speed automatic gearbox.

　
Ruiqi G5

　　　　The body size of Ruiqi G5 2.0TGDI is 4717/1794/1473mm and the wheelbase is 2700mm. Ruiqi G5 adopts the front and rear suspension design of front double wishbone and rear multi-link, and the British Lotus Company participates in the whole process of adjusting the chassis, which can achieve a good balance in sports and comfort.

　
Ruiqi G6 will be equipped with a 2.0TGDI engine.

　　　　In addition, the 2.0TCI engine is also mounted on the Ruiqi G6. The length, width and height of the Ruiqi G6 are 4968mm, 1845mm and 1526mm； respectively. The body size parameters surpass the mainstream B-class cars, such as New Camry, Magotan and even the Eight-Generation Accord, and the 2820mm span is an absolute leader in the wheelbase that reflects comfort. The G6 is equipped with two high-performance engines, namely a 2.0TCI intercooled turbocharged engine and a 3.0 V six-cylinder engine.

On January 13th, Chongqing North Railway Station, passengers walked on the platform. On that day, the passenger flow of middle school students increased significantly. Reporter Cui Lishe Visual Chongqing

On January 13th, the reporter learned from the Municipal Transportation Commission that Spring Festival travel rush will last from January 14th to February 22nd in 2025. During the period of Spring Festival travel rush, it is estimated that the passenger volume of Chongqing Tiegong will reach 32.014 million, up by 7.1% compared with 2024. On the same day, reporters came to bus stations, railway stations, airports and other places and found that the major transportation hubs in our city have introduced various safeguard measures for Spring Festival travel rush to ensure the safe travel of the vast number of passengers.

Multiple measures to ensure the smooth operation of Spring Festival travel rush

It is understood that the biggest feature of Spring Festival travel rush this year is that the Spring Festival holiday has been increased to 8 days, with more passenger flow, and comprehensive transportation is facing greater challenges. It is estimated that during the period of Spring Festival travel rush in 2025, the passenger flow of railways, rail transit and civil aviation in our city will increase by 15%, 4.8% and 3% respectively. Stimulated by the free passage policy of expressways, the traffic volume of expressways in our city will also increase significantly.

To this end, the city will optimize the train frequency and running time in a timely manner, and adopt ways such as opening special trains and opening more passengers to ensure the smooth and orderly transshipment of important nodes such as Chongqing West Railway Station and Chongqing North Railway Station; Strengthen the connection between roads and airports, railway stations, tourist attractions, large communities, etc., and improve the coverage of road passenger customized services; We will increase the security of rural transportation services, and effectively protect the travel needs of urban and rural people by opening shuttle buses (buses) and carrying out appointment response services.

In order to ensure Spring Festival travel rush’s travel, our city will increase the capacity guarantee. The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Transportation Commission said that during the Spring Festival travel rush period, the city is expected to invest 854 pairs of railway passenger trains, 18,000 passenger vehicles, 341 water transport capacity and 40,000 civil aviation transport capacity; There are about 6,500 buses, about 330 rail trains, 15,000 cruise taxis and 52,000 online taxis in the downtown area every day.

At the same time, in view of the routes around the core business districts and popular scenic spots, the city will extend the bus operation hours in a timely manner and actively explore emerging market businesses such as tourist chartered cars to adapt to the night travel habits of citizens and tourists coming to Chongqing. Rail transit lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 10, loop lines and other lines will flexibly extend the operation time by increasing the number of empty cars, and increase the number of small roads and spare cars to ensure sufficient transportation capacity in the core area. Other rail transit lines and suburban railway jumpers and copper wires are flexibly arranged according to the characteristics of passenger flow along the line.

Ten sets of CR400AF-S Fuxing intelligent EMUs have been put in place.

The reporter learned from the railway department that 10 sets of CR400AF-S Fuxing intelligent EMUs have been put in place for the first time in Chongqing, and all of them will be put into Spring Festival travel rush this year. The maximum operating speed of the EMU is 350 kilometers per hour, which has the advantages of light weight, noise reduction, equipment integration and layout optimization. The number of train personnel increased from 577 to 619, and the capacity of large luggage rack doubled. Each carriage is equipped with a large luggage rack, which improves the passenger capacity of EMU trains and the stability of large luggage placement.

Chongqing Railway Station is also fully prepared for Spring Festival travel rush. On January 13th, the reporter saw at Chongqing North Railway Station that the passenger flow of middle school students who came to take the bus increased significantly. "This year, Spring Festival travel rush and Chongqing Railway Station are expected to send 9.4 million passengers, and the peak passenger flow will appear around the seventh day of the first month." Chen Yue, deputy director of Chongqing Station Workshop of China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd., said that the passenger flow of students, visiting relatives and returning migrant workers will be scattered before the holiday, and the passenger flow will be relatively flat after the holiday. It is expected that the return flow of visiting relatives, the flow of working in the south, the flow of students and the flow of working in the north will be staggered in turn.

In Spring Festival travel rush this year, the station has set up green channels for verification and security inspection at each entrance, and emergency passengers who arrive 15 minutes before driving will be given priority security inspection by volunteers.

In addition, the station organizes party member, youth commandos and volunteers to provide service guidance in key parts such as the waiting room, ticket office and service desk to ensure the safety of passengers’ travel and the waiting order. At the same time, give full play to the brand role of "Malian Service Desk" and "Hongyan Service Station", a national demonstration site for learning from Lei Feng, and actively carry out "silver hair service" to provide caring services for elderly tourists.

Add ticket window and green channel at bus station.

On January 13, the reporter went to the four-kilometer bus station in Nan ‘an District, and the number of passengers increased somewhat compared with the past. "Soldiers, firefighters, survivors of heroes and heroes have special ticket sales windows, and we strictly implement the preferential treatment policy for transportation." You Wu, deputy manager of the passenger transport department of the four-kilometer bus station, said that it is expected that the average daily passenger traffic in Spring Festival travel rush this year will be the same as last year, with an average of 8,000 passengers per day and about 400 classes; The concentrated travel time of passenger flow is from January 25 to January 28, and the daily peak passenger flow is expected to be around 30,000. To this end, the station has successively opened manual ticket sales windows, expanded online and self-service ticket sales channels, and provided convenient ticket purchase services for passengers.

"During the peak passenger flow period, we will also temporarily adjust the departure area of some line buses to realize the orderly diversion of passengers and ease the operating pressure of the ticket office, waiting room and parking space." You Wu said that the station will dynamically allocate capacity through reasonable arrangement of flights to ensure that passengers queue less, get tickets, take cars and get home.

The airport sets up a special check-in counter for urgent and special passengers.

On January 13th, the reporter saw in T3A Terminal of Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport that three staff members wearing beige coats and ribbons were helping the check-in passengers. Their ribbons are printed with the words "urgent passengers, let me help you". "During this year’s Spring Festival travel rush, we will increase the number of standby personnel according to the number of passengers on the flight and increase the on-site support force." According to the relevant person in charge, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport has introduced a series of Spring Festival travel rush safeguard measures.

For example, for specific groups of passengers such as express passengers, first-time passengers, and groups, exclusive check-in counters and eye-catching summoning tips are set up, and special personnel are also set up on both sides of the check-in island to form a linkage with all security links in the service chain to escort them. At the same time, the "three exemptions" transit service is also introduced, that is, no baggage collection, no exit from the quarantine area and no second security check.

In addition, Chongqing Jiangbei International Airport will arrange Spring Festival travel rush volunteers during peak hours to provide guidance, assistance and other services for passengers, and provide efficient and warm-hearted quality services. Provide the whole process of "love" guidance service for first-time passengers, elderly passengers over 60 years old, passengers carrying infants under 3 years old, disabled passengers and late arrival passengers. (New Chongqing-Chongqing Daily reporter Yang Yongqin Yang Nizi Huang Qiao Cui Wei)

　　Shi Yunyu is in the office. Photo courtesy of respondents

　　Character business card

　　Shi Yunyu: Academician of China Academy of Sciences, biophysicist and structural biologist, professor and doctoral supervisor of China University of Science and Technology. Born in Chongqing in April 1942, she was admitted to the Department of Biophysics of the Chinese University of Science and Technology in 1960. Since then, she has formed an indissoluble bond with life science. Over the years, Shi Yunyu has been sticking to the front line of scientific research, using structural biology methods to study the molecular mechanism of gene expression regulation and cell fate determination, and has made many innovative achievements, making contributions to China’s biological nuclear magnetic resonance research in the world.

　　Dressed in a cloth and with silver hair, Shi Yunyu clicked the mouse neatly in the office, and the three-dimensional structure of protein jumped into his eyes: "The world of biomacromolecules is full of unknowns. We have encountered many difficulties and challenges in the research process, but we must not give up lightly." Shi Yunxi said.

　　My father’s words and deeds, what he saw and heard on his way to school, let the seeds of scientific research serve the country take root.

　　Shi Yunyu has always had a scientific research dream! Whether she leaned against her father when she was young, listened to him describe the colorful physical world, or came into contact with the frontier of life science on the long way to school, the idea of serving the country through scientific research always lingered in her mind … …

　　Shi Yunyu was born in the era of war. The experience of being displaced as a child made her realize that personal destiny is always closely linked with the destiny of the country and the nation. Father Shih-Yuan Sze is a doctor of physics under the guidance of Madame Curie. After graduation, Shih-Yuan Sze, then 25, returned to China to teach and became one of the pioneers of nuclear physics research and higher education in China. In Shi Yunyu’s view, the spirit of serving the country through scientific research is vividly displayed in his father; His words and deeds also inspired Shi Yunyu’s enthusiasm for scientific research.

　　With a passion for natural science, Shi Yunyu was admitted to China University of Science and Technology in 1960. At that time, biophysics was a new discipline and the education system was not yet mature. "Academician Bei Shizhang, then head of the biophysics department of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, believed that the curriculum should be ‘ Four unlike ’ Let students lay a good foundation in mathematics, physics, chemistry and biology. " Shi Yunyu said that it is the solid basic course study that lays a solid foundation for his future scientific research work.

　　In the classroom, the days when scholars such as Qian Xuesen, Hua Luogeng and Yan Jici gave lectures to everyone made her remember vividly … … Shi Yunyu said: "How fortunate to be able to feel the deep patriotic feelings of the older generation of scientists at close range!" In the auditorium, everyone gathered around a black-and-white TV set and rejoiced at the China athletes winning the world table tennis championship. She still can’t forget it: "When I was young, everyone’s enterprising state always inspired me and made me determined to contribute to the construction of the motherland with my own scientific research results."

　　After graduating from college, Shi Yunyu was first assigned to work in the former Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Health; In 1970, she returned to China University of Science and Technology to teach, and before long, she moved south from Beijing to Hefei, Anhui.

　　Shi Yunyu undertook the task of relocating instruments and equipment to the south. Together with her colleagues, she moved boxes full of equipment from the teaching building to the station in Beijing, and then moved them from the station to the teaching building … …

　　Engaged in computer molecular dynamics simulation of biological macromolecules earlier; Leading the establishment of the key laboratory of structural biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences

　　The southward migration of China University of Science and Technology has gone through hardships, with the loss of scientific research equipment and weak teaching strength … … "Fortunately, the school later took a series of new measures and gradually got on the right track." Shi Yunyu said that the school provided opportunities for young teachers to go abroad for further study, and she became the first young teacher in the Biology Department of the Chinese University of Science and Technology to pass the examination of the Ministry of Education. She went abroad twice for further study, engaged in computational biology research and biological nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy research, and learned the theoretical and experimental methods of studying the structure and function of biological macromolecules with molecular dynamics and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Shi Yunyu said: "The experience of studying abroad has broadened my scientific research horizons and urged me to work harder to acquire knowledge."

　　In the 1970s, Shi Yunyu and his colleagues were eager to keep up with the pace of international academic circles and carry out cutting-edge research on biomacromolecules in the University of Science and Technology of China, but they lacked funds and instruments. In order to promote the project quickly, Shi Yunyu and his colleagues went all over the library in Shanghai, searched for literature and materials, and racked their brains for two weeks before finishing the application for the National High-tech Research and Development Plan.

　　At that time, there were three subjects selected by the Biology Department of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, and the "New Technology Research of Molecular Design in protein" which Shi Yunyu was in charge of was one of them. Since then, she began to engage in computer molecular dynamics simulation of biological macromolecules and became one of the pioneers in this field in China. The project "Computer Simulation of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics" led by Shi Yunyu won the second prize of the Natural Science Award of China Academy of Sciences in 1996 and the third prize of the National Natural Science Award in 1999.

　　In the early 1990s, Shi Yunyu’s laboratory was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and bought the first 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer, which can be used for the solution structure of biological macromolecules. However, when the experiment was really carried out, there were still many difficulties … … Her attitude is firm: "scientific research should be devoted, able to withstand loneliness and twists and turns." The research group led by Shi Yunyu analyzed the solution structures of a series of important protein, and revealed the protein interaction and its functional significance. She also led the establishment of the Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and later became an important part of Hefei National Research Center for Microscale Material Science.

　　Do popular science for primary and secondary school students, teach basic courses for undergraduates, and train more young scientific research talents.

　　Shouxian County, Anhui Province, No.1 Middle School. On the stage, Shi Yunyu held a microphone and explained his own experience and knowledge of life science. Under the stage, the students were absorbed and deeply attracted by the biomacromolecule world she described. From the stimulation of scientific interest to the choice of scientific research direction, from laying a solid foundation to the enthusiasm of serving the country, in an hour and a half, Shi Yunyu planted the seeds of science in the hearts of children … …

　　Although he is 80 years old, Shi Yunyu still walks into primary and secondary schools many times to give lectures on popular science to students. "Being exposed to scientific knowledge since childhood has aroused my curiosity and embarked on the road of scientific research; I also want to pass this enthusiasm on to the children. " Shi Yunyu hopes to open a window of science for children.

　　Shi Yunyu remembers: In 2019, at Huangtugang Town Central Primary School in Macheng, Hubei Province, she gave a popular science class on "Hemoglobin and Hemoglobin Diseases" to children in Dabie Mountains. Her classmates’ eyes are full of thirst for scientific knowledge, which deeply touched her, so she likes to go out of campus and go to the mountains … …

　　In the College of Life Sciences of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, in order to strengthen the basic education of undergraduates, Shi Yunyu insisted on giving general biology classes to freshmen for many years. Shi Yunyu said that for interdisciplinary subjects, basic courses are very important. "Teaching is the bounden duty of teachers, and I want to train more talents for science." As the first dean of the School of Life Sciences of the Chinese University of Science and Technology, together with her colleagues, she took the lead in establishing a complete teaching system of structural biology and computational biology in the Chinese University of Science and Technology, and specially invited experts from the Institute of Biophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to teach students and trained a group of young academic leaders working in interdisciplinary fields such as computational biology and structural biology.

　　Today, with her silver hair, she still rushes to work in the laboratory every day. In school, when she meets Shi Yunyu, the students always call her "Grandma Shi" in a friendly way. At present, "Grandma Shi" has begun to study the structure of protein related to aging and degenerative diseases and the molecular and cellular mechanism of diseases. In addition, she is actively promoting the research of artificial intelligence and biomedicine. She believes that every new field has a lot of knowledge to learn, and the happiness of mountaineering is not only the moment when you reach the top of the mountain, but also in the process of continuous climbing.

　　■ Reporter’s Notes

　　Research never stops, only lifelong learning.

　　During the interview, Shi Yunyu was full of interest when he mentioned the frontier development in the field of life sciences … … At the age of 80, she is willing to study with young people while cultivating scientific research talents. In Shi Yunyu’s view, being able to explore the mysteries of the biomacromolecule world with students is both happy and fulfilling. Young people always learn new things faster, and they can experience the taste of being a student when they meet something she doesn’t quite understand.

　　Life science is closely related to population health, medicine and ecology, and the life world is full of many unsolved scientific problems. For Shi Yunyu, research never stops, only lifelong learning. It is countless scientists, like her, who keep their enthusiasm for learning and keep climbing up, which makes scientific research full of vitality … …

Enterprise dynamics

JNJ

An earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred in Luding County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, and people in the affected areas urgently needed rescue and medical treatment. After the earthquake, Johnson & Johnson China paid close attention to the progress of the disaster and the medical needs from the front line of disaster relief, and started the natural disaster response mechanism at the first time. Johnson & Johnson China announced that it will donate RMB 1 million to the China Red Cross Foundation to support the repair and reconstruction of many Pok Oi health centers and hospitals in the disaster-stricken areas.

Pfizer

Sponsored by Pfizer, the "Atopic Dermatitis Summit Forum" was successfully held in Beijing. In the form of "online+offline", the conference brought together academic leaders of dermatology in nine cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Shenzhen, Nanjing, Qingdao, Wuhan, Kunming and Taiyuan, to discuss new ideas of long-term standardized treatment of atopic dermatitis and open a "comfortable new journey" for patients with atopic dermatitis in China.

Anjin

China Station of Amgen Biotechnology Experience (ABE) established by Amgen Foundation was officially launched. This is the re-cooperation between Amgen Foundation and Tsinghua University, a well-known university in China. This year, 47 middle school students were selected to carry out the classic course "Foundations of Biotechnology Labs" of ABE project in Yunnan and Beijing, respectively, so that students can use research-level biotechnology equipment and experience experiments with their own hands. Six middle school teachers also participated. Since its establishment in 1990, the ABE project has expanded to the whole world, with 24 sites set up. It is expected that by 2023, the number of middle school students participating in the project will reach nearly 1 million.

Danach

The China International Fair for Trade in Services-Beijing "Two Zones" Construction and Enterprise Globalization Forum (CCG 9th China Enterprise Globalization Forum) jointly organized by the Globalization Think Tank (CCG) and Beijing "Two Zones" Office was held in the National Convention Center and Shougang Park. Wei Chunyan, executive director of CCG and vice president of government affairs in China, Danaher, delivered a speech at the theme roundtable forum. "The development of multinational companies cannot be separated from a stable economy, and a stable economy cannot be separated from industrial innovation and upgrading." Wei Chunyan said, "Danaher is optimistic about the growth potential and innovation ability of the China market, and will continue to increase the resource input in the China market, and help the upgrading of the big health industry and economic development through the promotion of Danaher’s localization strategy of" creating China ". "

Kracie Pharmaceuticals of Japan

Kracie Pharmaceutical, a subsidiary of Kracie Holdings, will build a new factory in China to manufacture Chinese medicine raw materials. This will be the company’s second factory in China. Together with the existing factories at home and abroad in Japan, the production capacity will be expanded to about 1.4 times, and the storage capacity of raw herbs will be expanded to more than 3 times. Chinese prescription medicine is made of effective components extracted from raw materials such as plants and fossils. The new factory is located in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and will be put into use in the autumn of 2023. It will be responsible for the process of crushing raw herbs and manufacturing extract powder, and the final product will be made in Japan.

Product/R&D trends

diabetes

Lilly’s application for the marketing of Mounjaro(tirzepatide), a dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide -1(GLP-1) receptor, was accepted to improve the blood sugar control of adult type 2 patients. Mounjaro is the first new type of diabetes drug in recent 10 years.

Medical instruments

The bedside lower limb rehabilitation system of Eston Medical was approved by Jiangsu Food and Drug Administration and obtained the second class medical device registration certificate in People’s Republic of China (PRC). Eston medical bedside nursing robot is mainly suitable for disabled, paralyzed and early ICU patients. It can move the knees and hips of lower limbs, prevent and improve joint adhesion, and also train the muscles of lower limbs in several functional modules such as stretching, strength and motion control.

other

Anstalai Pharmaceutical Group released the main results of the Phase III MOONLIGHT 3 clinical trial in women in Chinese mainland, aiming at evaluating the long-term safety and tolerability of Fezolinetant, a non-hormonal oral drug under study, in the treatment of moderate and severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) related to menopause. VMS is a common symptom of menopause, characterized by hot flashes and/or night sweats. Fezolinetant is an oral non-hormonal drug under clinical development, which is used to treat moderate and severe VMS related to menopause.

The notice of the Spring Festival holiday in 2024 has been issued, and all units are encouraged to arrange employees to rest on New Year’s Eve in combination with paid annual leave and other systems. Seeing this, is there a string of question marks in everyone’s mind: Can the unit uniformly arrange the statutory annual leave? Is it necessary to use legal annual leave for New Year’s Eve rest? Can the unit arrange welfare leave such as reunion leave and reunion leave? …… Recently, two cases tried by Beijing No.1 Intermediate People’s Court were related to the Spring Festival holiday. Let’s follow the judge and see what is the correct way to arrange employees’ Spring Festival vacation.

(Image source network intrusion)

A brief introduction to the case

Case 1: Zhao claimed that he did not take annual leave during his employment, and appealed to a company to pay the annual leave salary from February 26, 2018 to January 14, 2020. The company advocates that employees should take annual leave in a unified way during the Spring Festival every year. Zhao has finished his statutory annual leave and does not need to pay the annual leave salary. To this end, the company submitted the notice of Spring Festival holiday over the years, which stated that the company began to have a holiday every year from the 25th of the twelfth lunar month, and made up classes after the Spring Festival. Zhao did not recognize the authenticity of the notice, and said that during the Spring Festival, he took vacations according to normal legal holidays.

Case 2: Dong appealed to a company to pay the annual leave salary from August 17, 2020 to May 11, 2021. The company claims that Dong has finished his annual leave during the above period and submitted a notice of Spring Festival holiday. The notice showed: "The company arranged a holiday from February 6, 2021 (the 25th day of the twelfth lunar month) to February 21, 2021 (the 10th day of the first month), with a total of 16 days, and officially went to work on February 22. ….. February 8, 9, 10, 18 and 19 are legal working days, and employees’ legal annual leave is given priority to deduct the Spring Festival holiday. " Dong recognized that he had read the notice and that he had not been on duty during the Spring Festival according to the notice. The company also paid Dong’s salary during the above period according to the salary standard of normal work.

Two | case statement

In the above two cases, the company claimed that employees were arranged to take legal annual leave during the Spring Festival, and there was no need to pay employees wages for not taking legal annual leave. But the results of the two cases are completely different. For case 1, the court held through trial that although the number of days for employees to take holidays in the notice of Spring Festival holiday submitted by the company was more than the national unified holiday arrangement, the nature of the extra holidays was not clearly defined as annual leave, and the arrangement of making up shifts for holidays in the notice did not conform to the nature of annual leave. Zhao did not recognize the holiday notice, so the court rejected the company’s claim that Zhao had taken annual leave, and determined that the company should pay the salary for the annual leave. For the second case, the court held through trial that the company sent a notice of Spring Festival holiday to all employees according to the specific conditions of production and work, and clearly defined the nature of holidays beyond the unified holiday arrangement as "using annual leave deduction". Dong read the notice, did not raise any objection to the company, and actually did not go to work during this period. During the holiday period, the company paid wages according to the salary standard of normal work. Therefore, the company’s overall arrangement for Dong’s annual leave is in compliance with laws and regulations, and it should be considered that Dong’s annual leave has been taken, and the company does not need to pay the annual leave salary.

Iii. Reasoning by case

I. Nature of annual leave

Annual leave refers to the right of workers to keep their jobs and take paid leave every year after they have worked for a certain number of years. The annual leave system is of great significance for ensuring workers’ rest, mobilizing their work enthusiasm and building a harmonious and stable employment relationship.

Annual leave can be divided into statutory annual leave and welfare annual leave. Statutory annual leave refers to the legal leave right of workers stipulated by labor laws and regulations, and its application should comply with the relevant provisions of laws and regulations. China’s "Labor Law", "Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees" and "Implementation Measures for Paid Annual Leave for Enterprise Employees" have made specific provisions on the application of statutory annual leave. Welfare annual leave is the welfare of paid rest given to workers by the employer in addition to the statutory annual leave, which is regulated by the employer in the form of rules and regulations.

Two, the employer can co-ordinate arrangements for employees to take annual leave.

For the statutory annual leave, the first paragraph of Article 5 of the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees stipulates: "The unit shall make overall arrangements for annual leave for employees according to the specific conditions of production and work and taking into account the wishes of employees themselves." According to this regulation, the employer has the right to make overall arrangements for employees to take annual leave, and the employee’s own wishes should be taken into account when making overall arrangements. It is worth noting that considering the wishes of employees themselves does not necessarily mean that consensus is needed.

For welfare annual leave, since it belongs to welfare, how to apply it specifically belongs to the scope of the employer’s independent employment management right, and the unit will make clear the number of days, conditions and order of leave through rules and regulations. As vacations are important matters directly related to employees’ vital interests, rules and regulations must be formulated through democratic procedures and publicized or informed to workers before they are binding.

Third, the reasonable overall arrangement of employees’ annual leave tips

1. To make overall arrangements for employees to take annual leave, a written notice shall be issued and delivered or informed to employees. In reality, many units often allow employees to take vacations by verbal notice or acquiescence when arranging their employees’ Spring Festival vacations, or although there is a written notice of vacation, they have not submitted evidence of delivery or notification to employees. This kind of irregular behavior is not conducive to ensuring employees’ rest, nor to standardizing employment management.

2. Leave notice should specify the nature of leave. Both statutory annual leave and welfare annual leave can be used to arrange paid rest for employees. If the unit arranges employees to take vacations during the Spring Festival, it shall specify the nature of the vacation in the vacation notice. When arranging employees to take legal annual leave, it is necessary to specify which dates belong to arranging employees to take legal annual leave, and specify the year to which they belong. For those who are not clearly defined as statutory annual leave in the notice, they can only be identified as welfare leave given by the unit to employees. For some units to specify reunion leave, reunion leave and special Spring Festival leave in the holiday notice, it is also a welfare leave in nature.

3. Under special circumstances, the employee’s consent is required. The Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees stipulates that if the unit really cannot arrange annual leave for employees or arrange annual leave across one year due to work needs, it shall obtain the consent of the employees themselves. Therefore, for the statutory annual leave, if the unit arranges employees’ leave across years, it should pay attention to obtaining the consent of the employees themselves.

Four | law link

Article 45 of the Labor Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the state practices the system of paid annual leave. Workers who have worked continuously for more than one year are entitled to paid annual leave. The specific measures shall be formulated by the State Council.

Article 5 of the Regulations on Paid Annual Leave for Employees shall make overall arrangements for annual leave for employees according to the specific conditions of production and work and taking into account the wishes of employees themselves.

Annual leave can be arranged centrally or in sections within one year, generally not across years. If it is really necessary for the unit to arrange annual leave for employees across the year due to the characteristics of production and work, it can be arranged across one year.

If the unit really cannot arrange annual leave for its employees due to work needs, it may not arrange annual leave for employees with the consent of the employees themselves. For the number of days of annual leave that an employee should take, the unit shall pay the annual leave salary according to 300% of the employee’s daily salary.

Original title: "Is it necessary to use legal annual leave for New Year’s Eve rest? 》

Read the original text

　　When treating patients, medical staff should not only speak softly, but also build up the confidence to fight the disease for patients with their own professional knowledge. Nanfang Daily reporter Dai Jiaxin photo

　　"Many of the tiny blood vessels, nerves and other pipes we stitched under the microscope are less than 1 mm in diameter. The needle used is much thinner than the hair. " Gao Junqing, director of the Department of Repair and Reconstruction of Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, said.

　　Under the shadowless lamp, there are a group of doctors who complete the operation under the microscope. They have both the ingenuity of embroidered girls and the physical strength and perseverance of marathon runners; What they have practiced is superb technology and skillful hands. During the coming of the second Physician’s Day, the reporter took you near them to learn about the unknown side of surgery under the microscope.

　　Doctors who "fly needles and thread" on blood vessels and nerves

　　Neurosurgery is synonymous with "precision, precision and cutting-edge" in the surgical system. With the help of modern science and technology, neurosurgeons have been able to work in the most mysterious and precise organ of the human body — — Realize precise operation in the brain and complete all kinds of incredible operations.

　　Cui Lianxu, director of neurosurgery at the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, said that one of the difficulties in neurosurgery is to treat the focus as accurately as possible while minimizing the damage to the surrounding brain tissue. "The size of the lesions in the brain varies, from less than one centimeter to the size of an orange. There are no important blood vessels and nerves around." Cui Lianxu said, therefore, neurosurgical operations can be said to be completed between square inches, and the "important weapon" to accompany neurosurgeons in fighting is the neuromicroscope.

　　"Under the microscope, it belongs to a neurosurgeon ‘ Battlefield ’ There is no difference in surgery between millimeters. " Cui Lianxu said, "When neurosurgeons are training in microscopy, one of the examinations is to gently grind off the shell of raw eggs with a grinding drill, and at the same time, they must not hurt the membrane under the eggshell. Behind the technique like carving art is a sense of responsibility as heavy as Mount Tai. "

　　In the medical field, hand surgeons can be called "masters of micro-carving" under the microscope. Under the shadowless lamp, they hold a needle and thread invisible to the naked eye, hold their breath, and concentrate on "flying needles" on blood vessels and nerves as thin as hair, with a pair of skillful hands to pick up countless broken fingers and toes. Gao Junqing has been practicing this skill since the first day he entered orthopedics more than 20 years ago. For more than 20 years, he has reborn the severed blood vessels or tissues of many patients.

　　"Many of the tiny blood vessels, nerves and other pipes we stitched under the microscope are less than 1 mm in diameter." Gao Junqing said, "Compared with arteries, venous blood vessels are thinner and more difficult to connect." Doctors have to sew up such tiny blood vessels one by one. On the blood vessels of a few centimeters, it is generally necessary to sew 6 stitches, while for large blood vessels, it is necessary to sew more than a dozen stitches. This not only tests doctors’ eyesight, but also tests their endurance. In the long and arduous work, Gao Junqing not only trained the ingenuity of the embroidered girl, but also the physical strength and perseverance of the marathon runner, because many complicated operations took more than 10 hours at a time.

　　"If the vascular suture technology is not enough, the blood vessels will still be blocked after the operation, which will directly lead to tissue necrosis." Gao Junqing said that although all the doctors in the department have graduated from graduate school or above and have received standardized training during their medical studies, they still need to undergo rigorous training in the clinical department for about one year. "Doctors should train hard on mouse tails and rabbit ears. Even so, they only have the ability to replant basic severed fingers. It will take several years to improve their clinical skills."

　　Yan Shigang, director of the Eye Center of Foshan Second People’s Hospital, said that for ophthalmologists, surgery under the microscope is the coordination of hands, feet, brain and eyes.

　　Microsurgery can treat a variety of intractable diseases.

　　Cui Lianxu said that the seemingly thick blood vessels under the microscope may be only as thick as hair in reality. If the doctor can’t complete the operation accurately and controllably, it will have unimaginable consequences for the patient. Microscope is a sharp weapon in neurosurgery, and only people with sufficient strength can use it freely.

　　Under the microscope, neurosurgeons can perform a variety of operations for patients to treat nervous system tumors, cerebral hemorrhage, brain trauma, intracranial vascular malformations and other intractable diseases.

　　Cui Lianxu said that he also performed a difficult operation this year. Patient Ms. Liu (pseudonym) is a native of Foshan. In life, she gradually developed facial numbness, accompanied by symptoms of unstable walking. The examination in the outpatient clinic showed that Ms. Liu had a 3×4×5cm tumor on the left cerebellum. This orange-sized tumor oppressed Ms. Liu’s facial nerve and cerebellum at the same time, causing inconvenience in daily life.

　　What Ms. Liu doesn’t know is that the tumor in the cerebellopontine angle has always been a complicated type in neurosurgery. Because tumors often wrap important nerves and blood vessels, a little carelessness will lead to hearing loss, serious imbalance and other complications, and even death. At the same time, the cerebellopontine angle area provides the surgeon with an operable gap, which is only about the size of a dime. Cui Lianxu personally performed microsurgery for Ms. Liu. After the operation, Ms. Liu’s facial feeling improved obviously, and she was discharged from the hospital in just one week, and her walking balance basically recovered when she was discharged. Ms. Liu’s postoperative wound was only 5 cm, which was well hidden in the hairline and could not be found after her hair grew out.

　　"A neurosurgeon usually needs more than 10 years of experience before he dares to say that he has certain confidence in the structure and function of the brain, the design of surgery and the grasp of surgery." Cui Lianxu said.

　　Surgery related to saving lives and improving the quality of life can be encountered by Gao Junqing almost every week. Last year, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine also joined the "China Trauma Treatment Alliance Trauma Treatment Center". After joining the national platform for trauma treatment, severe trauma treatment centers in Foshan and surrounding areas will be sent to the hospital.

　　"Many patients sent to us are not simply skin injuries and fractures. They are often serious injuries to their limbs. There are serious injuries to the skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, tendons and deepest bones, all of which need to be repaired. " Gao Junqing said.

　　Surgery for more than ten hours in a row is a common occurrence.

　　Under a high-power microscope, facing the bloody stump and finger of the injured, holding a needle and thread that is almost invisible to the naked eye, he is absorbed in sewing tiny blood vessels and nerves. This is Gao Junqing’s daily work.

　　Although the little finger is small in area, it has fine structure and complex functions. Once it is injured, it is difficult to treat it, and it is even more difficult to recover and rebuild its function. It requires doctors to make great efforts in surgery and postoperative rehabilitation.

　　Gao Junqing said that referring to "living" is both fine and abundant. To live a finger, you may need to sew countless blood vessels and nerves. Except for some cases where stump repair is necessary, most operations take seven or eight hours, or even more than ten hours.

　　Liang Lihan, a repair and reconstruction surgeon at Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, said, August 5 — On the 7th, doctors in the department operated all night for three consecutive nights.

　　He told reporters that August 6 was an ordinary day, and he participated in six operations, four of which were major operations. "I received a notice of surgery before I went to work on the morning of August 6." He said. It turned out that at 10 o’clock the night before, a patient whose lower limbs were injured by agricultural machinery was sent to the operating room for rescue. After the previous group of doctors operated on the patient all night, Liang Lihan immediately participated in another part of the operation, and the operation lasted until 10 am before the patient’s blood vessels were reopened. At 12 noon, the operation was over and the patient was sent to ICU (intensive care unit).

　　It was not an easy day for Liang Lihan. Later, there were patients who were crushed by wheels, resulting in severe trauma to the left limb and lung fracture, as well as patients with limb damage and separation of muscles and bones. He went on the operating table at 7: 35 am on August 6 and didn’t get off the operating table until 9: 00 on August 7. "In the meantime, I only took a break for more than 10 minutes during the surgical handover." Liang Lihan said.

　　Gao Junqing said that every minute counts in the operating room. "We must focus on saving lives. Many patients have traumatic hemorrhagic shock, multiple limb injuries, excessive blood loss, and problems with organ function." He said that after saving lives, it is the treatment for physical trauma.

　　"There is a time limit for blood vessel connection, which must be between 6 and 6— Connect in eight hours. If it is not connected in time, the limb will be necrotic. " He said that the reason why the operation takes a long time is that there is still a lot of work to be done besides stitching the blood vessels a little bit. For example, debridement may cost 1-mdash; Two hours. "Many times the wound is open, and we must clean up the pollutants a little bit, otherwise it will be infected after surgery."

　　After many years of clinical career, Gao Junqing has not only developed a pair of dexterous hands, enough physical strength and patience, but also developed a pair of "iron stomach and copper intestines". As long as he is on the operating table, he can stop drinking water, eating and going to the toilet for hours, and concentrate on his work.

　　Although most of the patients admitted by the department are socially vulnerable groups with work-related injuries and car accidents, in Gao Junqing’s view, there is no distinction between the status of patients and the interests of patients are more important than everything else. "Many patients are seriously injured and complicated when they arrive, but as long as there is a 1% possibility, we will do our best to save the limbs, even every finger and toe, and repair and rebuild the function of their limbs."

　　"move a knife" on the eye

　　Ophthalmic surgery is indispensable in surgery. Yan Shigang, who has more than 30 years of clinical experience in ophthalmology, often works overtime, and there are always more than 40 surgeries a week.

　　A large number of operations does not mean poor quality. In clinical work, Yan Shigang insisted on ensuring the quality of medical care, carefully examining the patient’s condition before operation, carefully designing the operation, strictly controlling disinfection and isolation during the operation, and striving for perfection. In the past ten years, he has had the least infection and surgical complications.

　　August 7th was Chinese Valentine’s Day, but it was not easy for Yan Shigang. At 7: 00 in the morning, Yan Shigang, who suffered from renal colic at night and stayed up all night, came to the B-ultrasound room for examination. Soon the result came out, and the result was kidney calculi. Immediately, the doctor advised him to rest and treat, but Yan Shigang said, "There are still many patients waiting for me to check in the ward. I can’t delay the treatment of patients because of me." Later, he came to the examination room of the ward.

　　That day, he endured his illness and continued his work. Unable to stand the severe pain, with the help of the head nurse and other doctors, he injected an analgesic needle into the muscle. After the pain was relieved, he went on to the operating room for surgery.

　　Yan Shigang’s operations are mainly cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens surgery, surgery for fundus diseases such as vitreous body, retina and optic nerve, medicine and laser treatment, treatment of complex eye trauma, diagnosis and treatment of various glaucoma diseases, ophthalmic plastic surgery and treatment of orbital diseases. He said that the "moving knife" incision on the eye is only between millimeters, so it requires Excellence.

　　■ portraits of doctors

　　The man who guards life under the shadowless lamp

　　Many people praise a good doctor for "rejuvenation with wonderful hands" and "getting rid of diseases with hands". Behind the seemingly cold hand surgery, it is the hard work of countless doctors. They have high work intensity, high work pressure, high surgical risk and physical and mental fatigue, but every time the operation is successful, they have great joy in their hearts. Now, let’s approach this group of doctors who guard their lives under the shadowless lamp, listen to their stories and listen to their voices.

　　Liu Hongzhen, Director of the Day Surgery Center and Director of the Endoscopy Center of Foshan First People’s Hospital: the "patron saint" of life in the operating room.

　　Liu Hongzhen has been a doctor for 34 years and keeps improving his medical skills. In 2010, he successfully completed the anesthesia of the first liver transplantation operation, and so far he has completed more than 200 cases of anesthesia of liver transplantation operation, which has revived patients. He also undertook the anesthesia of the first coronary artery bypass surgery in Foshan First People’s Hospital.

　　"As an anesthesiologist, in addition to knowing anesthesia knowledge, you should also know about surgery and internal medicine. An anesthesiologist is equivalent to a physician in the operating room. " Liu Hongzhen said that the patient’s vital signs, respiratory system, circulatory system and internal environment are all maintained by anesthesiologists. At the same time, the anesthesiologist also needs to deal with various complications during the operation. Surgeons cure diseases and anesthesiologists save lives, so anesthesiologists are also the "patron saint" of life in the operating room. In addition, anesthesiologists also undertake comfortable medical care (painless gastrointestinal examination, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, etc.), painless delivery, postoperative analgesia, pain treatment and other tasks, and anesthesiologists have traveled all over the hospital.

　　Xu Zhaoyan, Chief Physician and Assistant Director of Cardiovascular Department of Foshan First People’s Hospital: Never give up on patients with myocardial infarction.

　　"Cardiovascular medicine is a place to test the energy and endurance of doctors. Many patients encountered here are in dangerous conditions, but if they are treated in time, they will get better very quickly and the prognosis is still very good." Xu Zhaoyan said.

　　"Patients with acute myocardial infarction need timely rescue and interventional surgery, otherwise they may face death at any time. Such patients are also a great test for doctors. " Xu Zhaoyan said.

　　He once treated a patient with acute myocardial infarction in his forties. "At that time, he had repeated ventricular fibrillation, but we still didn’t give up the treatment. We gave him cardiopulmonary resuscitation and gave him interventional surgery." Xu Zhaoyan said, "In the end, such patients turned the corner. Now that 10 years have passed, he is still very healthy. "

　　Zhu Min, Director of Ophthalmology, Foshan First People’s Hospital: Respecting every patient’s "Light Messenger"

　　"When I was a child, I watched the movie" Man to Middle Age ".The scene in which the protagonist helped others to see the light again was deeply engraved in my mind. Since then, I have been determined to become an ophthalmologist." Zhu Min said that after becoming an ophthalmologist, when the patient uncovered the gauze, the doctor’s most fulfilling and proud moment was when he saw the bright smile on his face.

　　Zhu Min, who has been engaged in ophthalmology clinical work for more than 30 years, has won the praise of patients and colleagues with his rich clinical experience, skillful surgical skills and delicate way of getting along with others, and is called "the messenger of light".

　　In the face of difficult and complicated cases, she will examine the patients in detail and make treatment and surgical plans. Ophthalmology often receives patients with myopia, cataracts and blindness caused by other diseases. Because they are worried about blindness or have been plagued by blindness for many years, many patients will be anxious when they come to see a doctor, and some will be grumpy. "To treat these patients, our ophthalmologists should speak softly and build up confidence in the fight against the disease with their own professional knowledge." Zhu Min said, "The pain of the patient’s blindness can’t be described in words. Therefore, we should be patient with the patient and relieve his anxiety. At the same time, we should tell the patient his illness realistically. Let him not despair and not lose heart. "

　　At the peak of summer vacation, ophthalmology has to face more than 300 patients every day, and the work is very heavy. Zhu Min often reminds the medical staff in the department to be serious and responsible. "If any one of the patients is neglected, it is 100% negligence for the patient. Therefore, we must respect every patient and treat every patient sincerely. " Zhu Min said.

　　In recent years, the situation of prevention and control of juvenile myopia is grim, and Zhu Min led the medical staff in the department to carry out prevention and control of juvenile myopia, and achieved remarkable results.

　　Wang Junhua, Chief Physician of Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Foshan: A skilled aid doctor in Xinjiang.

　　"As a doctor, is to save lives. The medical level there is relatively backward and needs us more. " Wang Junhua said. In August 2018, Wang Junhua took the initiative to sign up for Xinjiang and set foot on Jiashi County, Xinjiang, thousands of miles away to carry out a one-and-a-half-year aid work.

　　Shortly after arriving in Xinjiang, I received a 28-year-old patient, Gulinur Abulimiti. Her severe abdominal pain has lasted for half a year, and her weight has dropped from 50 kg to 30 kg, as thin as a paper man. In order to cure the disease, Gulinur Abulimiti had to quit his favorite job, and seven hospitalizations cost tens of thousands of yuan before and after, and the family was in trouble. Considering that the patient may have intestinal adhesion and chronic incomplete intestinal obstruction, surgery must be performed immediately. However, there are different opinions in the consultation. Some voices believe that the risk of surgery is too great, and Wang Junhua should not take this risk. However, Wang Junhua faced the difficulties and finally, the operation was successfully completed.

　　When Wang Junhua first arrived at the General Surgery Department of Jiashi County People’s Hospital, the professional strength of the department was very weak. He began with the refinement of departments, dividing the original general surgery into hepatobiliary surgery and gastrointestinal surgery, in which patients with gastrointestinal tumors specialize in gastrointestinal surgery. He founded hepatobiliary surgery, gastrointestinal surgery and ultrasonic interventional diagnosis and treatment technology in Jiashi County People’s Hospital, which filled 13 technical gaps in Jiashi County People’s Hospital. At the same time, through mentoring and other means, a medical team that can’t be taken away gradually grew up in Jiashi County People’s Hospital.

　　Dong Julang, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Foshan Second People’s Hospital: It’s like clockwork at work.

　　Dong Julang said that she likes obstetrics and gynecology. "The joy of the mother after the smooth delivery, the crying of the baby, the challenges of various gynecological operations and the joy of successful surgery, as well as the same feeling from patients to friends and from friends to relatives." Dong Julang said.

　　Dong Julang and his wife are both doctors, and their clinical work is very busy, so their daughter, who was only three months old at that time, can only be sent to a nursery. When both of them work shifts, her daughter will live in the neighbor’s house upstairs as a teacher … … The daughter is less than two years old, and Dong Julang’s husband has gone to other places for a master’s degree. She has to work shifts, have surgery and further study. In those three years, she often took her daughter on duty together. When there is an operation in the middle of the night, she can only knock on the door of the neighbor’s house to take care of her daughter.

　　As their daughter grows up slowly, they put all their energy into their work, all day long, including patients, medical records, surgery, meetings and study. The department is growing day by day, and more and more operations are done. Because the husband is doing MR (nuclear magnetic resonance), it is his job to evaluate all patients with gynecological tumors before operation, to implant obstetric placenta and to check venous thrombosis. With the increasing diagnostic accuracy, benign/malignant tumors, borderline tumors, lymph node metastasis/how many metastases, scar pregnancy implantation, and the choice of surgical opportunity for pelvic abscess & HELIP; … Her husband’s work and hers complement each other.

　　"As a doctor, I feel particularly happy every time I succeed in surgery. After being happy, I often reflect on the surgical process and what is not done well enough. " Dong Julang said, "Before each operation, we will make full preparations to predict possible complications and injuries."

　　Dong Julang said that as a doctor, his daily work is full, including outpatient service and surgery. When he goes to work, the whole person is like clockwork. (Nanfang Daily reporter Xia Xiaoyu)

　　Guangzhou Daily News (all-media reporter Yekas) "The sky is leaking!" Since the early hours of yesterday morning, heavy rain has been spilled in Yangcheng one after another. At 10: 15 am yesterday, a rainstorm red warning signal was released in Conghua District of Guangzhou, which was the first rainstorm red warning signal released in Guangzhou this year. The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory that this is also the earliest rainstorm red warning signal in Guangzhou since the implementation of the Regulations on Issuing Early Warning Signals of Sudden Meteorological Disasters in Guangdong Province in 2006.

　　Influenced by strong thunderstorm clouds, from the night of 18th, heavy rain, heavy rain and short-term gale occurred in central and northern Guangzhou, and the influence of wind and rain gradually expanded. Yesterday, there were strong thunderstorms in most parts of Guangzhou from 3: 00 to 6: 00 and from 8: 00 to 15: 00, with accumulated rainfall ranging from heavy rain to heavy rain, accompanied by strong lightning and gusts of 8-10.

　　During this process, all districts in the city issued warning signals of rainstorm and thunderstorm and gale, among which the rainstorm warning signals in Huadu, Zengcheng and Conghua districts were upgraded to red at the highest level, while those in Baiyun, Huangpu, Liwan, Tianhe, Yuexiu and Panyu districts were upgraded to orange at the highest level. Except Panyu and Nansha District, all other districts issued orange warning signals of thunderstorm and gale at the highest level. Except Panyu, Nansha and Haizhu District, all other districts have issued hail orange warning signals.

　　Emergency headquarters, the city’s meteorological disaster, launched the emergency response of Guangzhou meteorological disaster (rainstorm) level II and meteorological disaster (thunderstorm and gale) level III. As of around 15: 00 yesterday, the rainstorm in Conghua and Zengcheng districts in Guangzhou was red, the rainstorm in Baiyun, Huangpu and Panyu districts was orange, the thunderstorm and gale in Huangpu, Yuexiu, Tianhe, Liwan, Haizhu and Nansha districts in yellow rainstorm warning signal and Zengcheng district were orange, the thunderstorm and gale warning signals in Conghua, Huadu, Huangpu, Yuexiu, Tianhe, Liwan, Haizhu and Panyu districts were yellow, and the hail warning signals in Conghua and Zengcheng districts were orange.

　　The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau that the "Regulations on Meteorological Disaster Prevention in Guangzhou" was officially implemented on April 1 this year, which stipulates that classes will be suspended in the morning when the rainstorm red warning signal in the region takes effect from 6: 00 to 8: 00; When the rainstorm red warning signal in the region takes effect from 11: 00 to 13: 00, classes will be suspended in the afternoon. If classes are suspended in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, students will stop attending school; Students who are already on their way to and from school should take refuge in a safe place nearby. Schools should open school buildings to ensure the safety of students at school and on school buses.

　　Guangzhou Daily News (all-media reporter Li Yan correspondent Airport Xuan, Nan Xuan) Affected by the strong thunderstorm weather, Baiyun Airport launched the yellow warning of the first large-scale flight delay this year at 13:14 on April 19. At 16:10, the warning level was reduced to blue. By 17: 00, there were 70 departure flights delayed by more than one hour, 106 departure flights were cancelled, 92 arrival flights were cancelled, and 23 foreign flights were reserved. Baiyun Airport made every effort to ensure the follow-up, and the order in the terminal was stable.

　　On April 19th, Baiyun Airport planned 694 outbound flights and 682 inbound flights, totaling 1,376 flights. Affected by the strong thunderstorm, the blue warning of large-scale flight delay was started at 10:36, and 58 flights were delayed for more than one hour. At 13:14, 83 flights were delayed for more than one hour, and the emergency response level of large-scale flight delay was upgraded to yellow. Flights to East China, Beijing and Chongqing are obviously controlled by traffic.

　　In view of the large-scale flight delay, Baiyun Airport launched a flight coordination mechanism to coordinate airlines to reduce flights and adjust capacity in time. By 17: 00, Baiyun Airport had arranged 17 meals and 15 hotel accommodations.

　　According to the emergency stop requirements of Guangzhou Traffic Management Station, Baiyun Airport Airport Express Line suspended the operation of urban and long-distance passenger lines at 12 noon on April 19. All drivers and passengers strictly observe their posts and stand by on the spot. When the rain weakened and the road traffic conditions improved, the operation was fully resumed at 13: 40.

　　Airport Express is also doing a good job in Baiyun Airport — Service guarantee of Pazhou Canton Fair special line. Yesterday was the last day of the first phase of the 125th Canton Fair, and there was a peak of returning merchants in Pazhou. Airport Express and Airport Express will earnestly ensure the return passenger flow, and the shuttle bus will start rolling and leave when the passengers are full.

　　At 16:10, with the improvement of weather conditions, the number of departure flights delayed by more than one hour at Baiyun Airport dropped to 78, and the emergency response level of large-scale flight delays dropped to blue.

　　According to the latest meteorological information, the next weather will still be dominated by showers. Baiyun Airport reminds passengers to pay attention to the weather changes when going out. You can check the flight dynamics through the airlines you take or Baiyun Airport service hotline 020-96158, Airport Link, WeChat, Weibo and APP.

　　The sources of rapid income growth are increasingly diversified, and the gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing.

　　There are still challenges in optimizing the income pattern of residents and "increasing income continuously"

　　It is more difficult for some groups to increase their income. Experts suggest promoting employment and entrepreneurship to increase their income and improving the income control system.

　　Ning Renjie, who works in a private company in the communications industry in Jinan, told reporters that five years ago, his salary deducted social security, individual tax and other expenses, and he got about 3,200 yuan a month, and now it has risen to more than 5,000 yuan. "The company will adjust its salary every one or two years, plus various welfare allowances, and its income will increase significantly compared with five years ago."

　　According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita disposable income of the national residents in 2016 was 23,821 yuan, with an average annual real increase of 7.4% since 2012. In the next four years, as long as the average annual real growth rate of national residents’ income is above 5.3%, the goal of doubling residents’ income by 2020 compared with 2010 can be achieved.

　　Recently, the Economic Information Daily reporter visited many places and learned that in recent years, the income of urban residents has maintained rapid growth, the income gap has been narrowing, and the sources have become increasingly diverse. However, the current sustained income increase of urban and rural residents is also facing new challenges, and it is more difficult for some groups to increase their income. Experts said that sustained economic growth is the basis for the continuous improvement of residents’ income. From the perspective of economic development, the driving force for residents’ income growth will not shrink. In the future, it is necessary to promote employment and entrepreneurship to increase income, deepen the reform of wage system in government agencies, enterprises and institutions, and establish and improve the income control system.

　　　"Being in the countryside is better than going out to work"

　　According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 12,363 yuan in 2016, with an average annual real growth rate of 8.0% since 2012. The average annual real growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents was 1.5 percentage points faster than that of urban residents. In 2016, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents was 2.72, down by 0.16 compared with 2012.

　　Li Wenjie, a native of Linyi, Shandong Province, who often works in plumbing projects in Beijing and Hebei, said that in recent years, wages have risen steadily. "The salary was 200 yuan/day five years ago, and now 250 yuan/day, the wages of coolies have also risen from 80 yuan to 150 yuan every day."

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in recent years, governments at all levels have continuously expanded the space for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and the business environment of individual industrial and commercial households and small and micro enterprises has been further improved. The employment situation has progressed steadily, and the number of migrant workers and the wage level have continued to grow, which has boosted the wage income of urban and rural residents to grow rapidly.

　　While wage income continues to increase, the income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow.

　　Ling Jihe, the chairman of Jiangxi Green Energy Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., has transferred more than 20,000 mu of land, and implemented workshop management. Sixteen brigades manage farmland in pieces, and each brigade is in charge of eight couples. In 2016, the average annual income of each couple was 147,000 yuan, and the year-end bonus was also given at the end of the year. The highest one could get 200,000 yuan or 300,000 yuan. Previously, they could only earn 50,000 to 60,000 yuan a year when they went out to work.

　　Dong Yunjian, chairman of Baoyi Kiwifruit Planting Professional Cooperative in Yuanquan Town, Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, said that since 2010, he began to transfer land to grow kiwifruit, and in recent years, he introduced new varieties, benefiting from the development of modern agriculture, expanding the planting scale and greatly increasing the income. "It is no problem for one person to manage three acres of kiwifruit, and the net income per acre can reach 20,000 yuan, which is better than going out to work."

　　According to statistics from Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in Shandong actually increased by 52.4% compared with 2011, with an average annual growth rate of 8.8%.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the bumper harvest of grain laid the foundation for the growth of rural residents’ agricultural income, and the prices of agricultural products such as rice, vegetables and fruits rose in stages in different periods, which made agriculture "not bright in the east and bright in the west" under the unfavorable price situation of agricultural products such as corn to avoid the decline of income. At the same time, since the second half of 2014, the pig price situation has been favorable, which has driven the net income of rural residents in animal husbandry out of the dilemma of reducing income.

　　In addition to the income gap between urban and rural areas, the income gap between different regions and groups is also narrowing. In 2016, the per capita income ratio of residents in the eastern and western regions was 1.67, that of residents in the central and western regions was 1.09, and that of residents in the northeast and western regions was 1.21. The relative income gap between east and west, central and west, and northeast and west decreased by 0.06, 0.02 and 0.08 respectively compared with 2012.

　　From 2013 to 2015, the income multiples of the top 20% households and the bottom 20% households in Zhejiang Province decreased from 6.51 times to 6.04 times, showing a gradual narrowing trend. Especially for low-income people, the income growth rate has increased from 18.1% to 20.9% in these three years.

　　In 2016, the average annual salary of employees in non-private units in cities and towns in Jiangxi Province ranked lower for a long time. Compared with 2012, the average annual salary of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased by 14.6%, the average annual growth of accommodation and catering industry was 11.8%, and the average annual growth of water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industry was 10.9%. The average annual growth rate of these three low-wage industries is higher than the provincial average.

　　Increase in net income of property

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita net transfer income of residents in 2016 was 4,259 yuan, an increase of 56.2% over 2012, and the proportion of per capita disposable income increased to 17.9%. The per capita net income of property was 1,889 yuan, an increase of 53.5% compared with 2012, and the proportion of per capita disposable income increased to 7.9%.

　　The 72-year-old Kang Caie is a native of Laoling Village, Moganshan Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province. She used to make a living by farming and doing odd jobs in the mountains, with an annual income of less than 20,000 yuan. In 2010, she rented the house to a private host, and charged 19,000 yuan a year. This year, it rose to 50,000 yuan. It was charged for 24 years at a time, and the rent was 1.2 million yuan, which was invested in her son’s Shiyi tea farm (more than 300 acres of tea garden).

　　"The B&B economy has brought tangible income to our mountain people." Kang Caie said with a smile that she worked in a homestay modified by her home, cooking, cleaning, doing easy work, getting to know tourists from all over the world, and increasing her annual income by more than 30 thousand yuan, and her life was very comfortable.

　　The income structure of urban residents in Zhejiang is characterized by diversification. In 2000, the per capita wage income of urban residents accounted for 69.5% of the total household income. In 2016, the proportion of wage income decreased by 13.1 percentage points, and the proportion of operating and property income increased by 9.9 and 11.8 percentage points respectively.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Local Taxation Bureau of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, in 2016, the individual tax on wages and salaries accounted for 59.8% of the individual tax, which was 6.7 percentage points lower than the 66.5% in 2011. The dependence of residents’ income on wages and salaries declined, and the proportion of capital income and property income increased.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in recent years, the state has vigorously promoted precise poverty alleviation, the policy of benefiting the people has been continuously strengthened, and various social security standards such as pensions have been continuously improved, which has led to a rapid growth in the net transfer income of urban and rural residents. The increase in rental housing income and dividend income has led to a rapid growth in the net income of urban residents’ property. At the same time, the net income of rural residents’ property has increased rapidly under the guidance of the state’s policies of actively developing various forms of agricultural moderate scale operation and encouraging farmers to voluntarily transfer contracted land management rights according to law.

　　Some groups face the problem of increasing income.

　　Although the income of urban residents shows some bright spots, such as the rapid growth of income, the shrinking income gap and the increasingly diversified sources, the current continuous increase of income of urban and rural residents is also facing new challenges, and it is more difficult for some groups to increase their income.

　　According to a survey conducted by the reporter of Economic Information Daily, some industries are under great pressure to reduce production capacity, which affects the wage growth of employees. Li Xiaodong, the foreman of the First Team of Comprehensive Excavation in Xinyuan Coal Mine of Shanxi Yangmei Group, said that as an old miner with more than 20 years of service, his income has not increased much in recent years. When the coal market is poor, it is not easy to ensure that the income will not drop sharply, and the growth is far less than that of the rural "unskilled".

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, steel, coal, electric power and other industries are under great pressure to reduce production capacity. Some trading companies, large shopping malls and other enterprises have difficulties in operating, and their employees’ income is flat or declining. Some overcapacity and zombie enterprises are merged and reorganized, and some employees are laid off, which affects the income growth of relevant personnel.

　　At the same time, the income growth of migrant workers has slowed down, and the ability to transfer employment to technology-intensive departments is insufficient. Li Mingguang, a migrant worker engaged in the decoration industry in Jinan, said that in the past year or two, the construction industry in Jinan has been somewhat depressed, which has affected the income of migrant workers who mainly take odd jobs. "Now the wages have increased a lot compared with five or six years ago. The competition is fierce, and there are more people and less work. This year, I often work for a few days and rest for a few days. The income will not be much more than last year."

　　According to statistics, from 2014 to 2016, the average monthly income of migrant workers increased by 9.8%, 7.2% and 6.6% respectively, and the growth rate dropped year by year. In 2016, more than half of migrant workers were still concentrated in traditional industries such as manufacturing and construction, and the proportion of receiving skills training was not high, and the ability to transfer employment to technology-intensive departments was insufficient. More than 60% of migrant workers have not signed labor contracts with employers or units, and their employment stability is not high.

　　In addition, the price fluctuation of some agricultural products restricts the steady growth of net income from agricultural operations. "The price of corn is low, but the drought and flood are guaranteed, and the fluctuation is small. If it can’t be sold this year, it can be sold next year. The profit prospect of vegetables is good, but it is difficult for farmers to bear once they lose money." Song Hailong, a cadre of Nanwei Village, Fushan County, Shanxi Province, said, "Wei Shiye, a poor household in Nanwei Village, borrowed 50,000 yuan to engage in facility vegetables, and lost more than 30,000 yuan in half a year, which failed to get rid of poverty and increased the burden."

　　Agricultural income is still the main income of rural households. According to statistics, more than half of the net operating income of rural residents in 2016 came from agriculture. However, the growth of rural residents’ net agricultural income slowed down, with growth rates of 6.8%, 4.6% and 1.1% from 2014 to 2016 respectively. The main reason is that the import impact of foreign low-priced agricultural products has increased, the prices of some domestic agricultural products have continued to decline, the income of agricultural products such as grain has declined, and the difficulty in increasing agricultural net income has intensified. At the same time, the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters is still weak. In 2016, some areas were greatly affected by natural disasters, and agriculture experienced a decrease in income.

　　At present, the policy of benefiting the people needs a new focus to stimulate income growth. Zhu Guihua, a citizen of Jinan, retired from an enterprise last year with a monthly pension of more than 1,800 yuan. She said that the salary increase of enterprise retirees this year was 6.5%, which was the lowest in the past decade. Retirees in many enterprises have a low pension base. For her, the increase of 6.5% is less than that of 120 yuan, and the increase is not in line with psychological expectations.

　　With the aging of the population and the increase of rigid expenditure on treatment, the dependency ratio of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees in Zhejiang decreased from 7.08 at the end of 2010 to 2.79 at the end of 2016. In 2017, the budget of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees in Zhejiang showed a deficit, and sustainable development faced challenges.

　　In recent years, the net transfer income of urban and rural residents has increased rapidly, thanks to the improvement of various social security standards and the increase in poverty alleviation investment. As the government’s transfer payments continue to increase and the financial burden increases, it is more difficult to continuously introduce inclusive policies to benefit the people. A number of interviewed experts said that if there is no new inclusive policy and the existing policy standards for benefiting the people are not greatly improved, it will be difficult to support the residents’ transfer of net income to continue to maintain rapid growth.

　　Improve the income control system

　　In view of the current employment situation, some respondents suggested promoting employment and entrepreneurship to increase income, deepening the reform of the wage system, improving the income control system, and deepening the reform of the wage system of government agencies, enterprises and institutions.

　　In terms of increasing income from employment and entrepreneurship, many interviewees suggested that the first is to promote the construction of entrepreneurial platforms such as creative space and business incubation bases, implement policies such as employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies and incubation subsidies, and lower the threshold for entrepreneurship. Encourage farmers to engage in e-commerce entrepreneurship, build an entrepreneurial service platform, and make full use of farm stock construction land to build a farm entrepreneurial base. The second is to promote the full employment of key groups, improve the identification and assistance system for people with employment difficulties, implement classified and accurate assistance, and develop public welfare posts for the placement of people with employment difficulties. The third is to strengthen vocational skills and improve the quality of employment. Build and upgrade public training bases for high-skilled talents, make full use of Internet technology, and explore the establishment of individual study accounts and credit accumulation systems for workers. We will implement training programs for family farmers, modern young farmers and leaders of new agricultural business entities to speed up the training of professional farmers.

　　In terms of deepening the reform of the wage system of government agencies, enterprises and institutions, experts suggest that, first, actively cultivate the wage referendum and normal growth mechanism of enterprise employees, so that employees can enjoy more "right to speak" in wage growth. Establish enterprise benefit sharing mechanism and encourage mixed ownership economy to implement employee stock ownership. The second is to explore the establishment of an income distribution incentive mechanism that conforms to the industry characteristics of public institutions and is oriented to increasing knowledge value, and to establish a multi-factor distribution mechanism according to technology and contribution. For high-level talents, the policy of income distribution tilt can be formulated separately. The third is to steadily increase the income of government staff. On the basis of standardizing allowances and subsidies, the regional additional allowance system is implemented to rationally regulate the wage gap in different regions; Standardize incentive subsidies, give local authorities the right to distribute certain assessment rewards, and focus on grassroots frontline personnel and outstanding performance personnel.

　　In addition, in terms of improving the income control system and promoting income equity, Zhu Guihua and other enterprise retirees said that although the government advocates the integration of pensions, compared with the pensions of retirees in government agencies and institutions, the pension base of enterprise retirees is low, even if the same increase is maintained, the gap between the actual amount of growth is still large. According to the difference of pension base between retirees in institutions and enterprises, a more targeted pension growth rate can be formulated.

　　Chen Bin Kai, an associate professor at the School of Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics, suggested continuing to improve the policy of equal opportunities in the initial distribution. The increase of income of low-income class mainly depends on non-agricultural employment, and its employment direction is often labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises. Support can be provided to such enterprises to raise the income level of the middle and lower classes, such as encouraging the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through fiscal and tax preferential policies and financial policies. It can also increase the transfer payment to low-income groups and improve the efficiency of transfer payment. For example, in the tax system, we can give full play to the role of tax as a redistribution tool, reduce the tax burden of low-and middle-income groups and small and medium-sized enterprises, and strengthen the tax collection for high-income groups.

　　Yu Zijin, director of the Local Taxation Bureau of Wanli District, Nanchang City, suggested that the threshold should be raised appropriately to benefit the middle and low income groups and gradually expand the middle income groups. Give play to the role of individual tax in the redistribution of national income, strengthen the adjustment of capital and property income, adjust excessive income, and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.

On March 29th, at the China Electric Vehicle committee of 100 Forum 2025 held today, Ou Yangming Gao, vice chairman of China Electric Vehicle committee of 100 and academician of China Academy of Sciences, said that the multi-modal large model as the base model of the end-to-end algorithm can empower high-order autonomous driving technology, but it also needs to solve the safety and reliability problems of the large model. At the same time, L3 autopilot needs to solve relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible, and L4 autopilot needs to accumulate experience step by step, so it is not appropriate to mention national autopilot for the time being. "In 2030, the L4-class fully automatic passenger car based on the advanced end-to-end large model will be commercialized in the middle and high-end passenger car scale." Ou Yangming high expectations. (Cailian)