月度归档： 2025 年 6 月

CCTV exclusively disclosed the inside story of 69 hemodialysis patients infected with hepatitis C in Dongtai, Jiangsu.

CCTV News:Recently, some media reported that hepatitis C infection broke out in hemodialysis patients in Dongtai People’s Hospital of Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. Today (27th), Dongtai Municipal People’s Government responded to this matter.

According to the report of Dongtai Municipal People’s Government, on May 13th, Dongtai Municipal Health and Health Commission received a report from the Municipal People’s Hospital that hepatitis C antibody was newly positive among hemodialysis patients in the blood purification center of the hospital, and it was suspected that nosocomial infection occurred.

The State, Jiangsu Province and Yancheng Health and Health Commission organized an expert group to the scene to guide the investigation and handling. After screening and testing of all hemodialysis patients, 69 cases of hepatitis C virus infection were diagnosed and confirmed. According to the investigation of the expert group, this incident is an nosocomial infection incident caused by the inadequate implementation of the hospital nosocomial infection management system.

Inadequate management leads to nosocomial infection.

On May 13th, a patient with positive hepatitis C antibody was found in the blood purification center of Dongtai People’s Hospital, and then the hospital screened 161 patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment in the hospital. After the screening on May 16th, it was found that 69 people were infected with hepatitis C virus, including 50 males and 19 females, the oldest being 77 years old and the youngest being 26 years old. On the 16th, Dongtai Health Construction Committee reported the situation to Yancheng Health Construction Committee. In the evening, Jiangsu Province and Yancheng City organized 15 experts to station in Dongtai People’s Hospital to carry out investigation and disposal. On the 19th, the National Health Construction Committee sent an expert group to Dongtai.

After consultation with the members of the expert group, on May 17th, the treatment plan for 69 infected people was determined. Specific measures were taken to treat 69 infected people with antiviral drugs. Among them, 11 patients with transaminase higher than 200 were admitted to hospital. Another 58 people received outpatient treatment. The expenses incurred during this period shall be borne by the hospital. According to Chu Xudong, director of the Infectious Diseases Department of Dongtai People’s Hospital, the 69 infected people are in stable condition and have no adverse reactions during taking the medicine.

According to Cao Guoping, chief of the medical and political department of Dongtai Health Construction Committee, it was confirmed by the expert group that the main reasons for the incident were the disinfection of the hands of medical staff, the disinfection of related equipment used during dialysis, and the irregular implementation of disinfection measures in dialysis areas.

The second reason is that the human resource allocation in the hemodialysis room is insufficient. According to industry regulations, each nursing staff is generally responsible for the operation of six dialysis machines, but in actual work, each nursing staff in this hospital is responsible for the operation of at least nine machines.

The third reason is that the hemodialysis isolation zone of hepatitis C patients in the hemodialysis room of this hospital has the problem of sharing channels with the normal dialysis zone.

In the end, the expert group composed of the state, province and city found that this incident was an nosocomial infection incident caused by the inadequate implementation of the hospital nosocomial infection management system.

According to the requirements of the national, provincial and Yancheng Health and Health Commission, Dongtai City is organizing a special inspection of nosocomial risk in the whole city to further standardize the diagnosis and treatment behavior, and ordered Dongtai People’s Hospital to quickly implement the rectification plan according to the opinions of the expert group, aiming at the existing problems, and rectify it within a time limit.

Sixteen responsible persons were held accountable.

At the same time, 16 responsible persons were seriously held accountable.

Give Zhu Fabing, director of the Medical Affairs Department of Yancheng Health and Health Commission, an admonishing conversation;

Ma Fan, deputy director of the Medical Affairs Department of Yancheng Health and Health Commission, was given an administrative warning;

Sun Yanchun, deputy mayor of Dongtai Municipal People’s Government, reminded the conversation to be handled;

Cui haijie, director of Dongtai health and health commission, talked with him;

Chen Zhang, deputy director of Dongtai Health and Health Commission, was given an administrative warning;

Cao Guoping, chief of the medical and political department of Dongtai Health Construction Committee, was given an administrative warning;

Yin Weiguo, secretary of the Party Committee and president of Dongtai People’s Hospital, and Song Xiaoping, vice president in charge, were dismissed and given different degrees of punishment to other responsible persons.

Blind girls successfully registered for the national examination of teacher qualification certificate, but the written interview and physical examination are all difficult problems.

According to Red Star News, Wang Ying is a totally blind girl in Jinghai District of Tianjin. At 4: 40 pm on January 19th, only ten minutes left before the registration system was closed, she finally successfully signed up for the Tianjin Teacher Qualification Examination (written test).

She suffered from congenital glaucoma and was blind at the age of ten. Unfortunately, she was completely blind. She finished primary school and junior high school in a school for the blind, and later taught herself the knowledge of ordinary senior high school and took the adult high school entrance examination. In January 2017, she obtained an undergraduate diploma in social work from the National Open University. In addition, she took part in the self-taught examination of Chinese language and literature major in Beijing Normal University, with a total of 20 or 30 courses and five subjects to be completed.

Wang Ying’s computer and mobile phone are equipped with voice software, and every step of operation will be prompted, so that she can skillfully use electronic equipment. The pictures in this article are all Red Star News WeChat WeChat official account pictures.

She loves literature and dreams of being a Chinese teacher in high school. Her mother also wants her to have a job. The registration, Jinghai District Education Bureau, considering her eyesight, did not agree at first, and she and her mother insisted on finally signing up. But after that, there are still many unknown steps, such as applying for blind papers, interviewing, physical examination …

"If I don’t have the opportunity to participate in the process, how can I know that the result is not acceptable?" Wang Ying is the first blind candidate in Tianjin to register since the teacher qualification examination was included in the national examination. Her plan is to follow the procedure step by step.

“You can’t always say that there is no precedent, you have to fight for it.. "Mom Wu Qingzhi hopes that Wang Ying can be such a" precedent ".

The teacher’s dream of blind girls

I started consulting four years ago and finally signed up this year.

From January 16th to 17: 00 on January 19th, this is the registration time of Tianjin National Primary and Secondary School Teacher Qualification Examination (written examination) in the first half of 2018, and the examination date is March 17th, 2018.

After the registration began, Wang Ying uploaded his own photos, and the audit results showed that the photos were unqualified.

Wang Ying’s registration failed many times, and the audit opinion showed that "the photo was unqualified". Finally, ten minutes before the registration deadline, he finally passed the audit and registered successfully.

On January 17th, Wang Ying and her mother went to the Education Bureau of Jinghai District for consultation. The staff of the Admissions Office said that because she was totally blind, she couldn’t register because she didn’t pass the physical examination. In fact, since 2014, their mother and daughter have been to the Education Bureau for consultation, and they will get such an answer every time.

She wants to apply for a high school Chinese teacher, which requires an undergraduate diploma to qualify. Before she finished her studies in the first few years, she just asked briefly, but now that she has an undergraduate diploma, she thinks she must sign up.

Wang Ying didn’t want to give up. She called Tianjin Education Admissions Examination Institute for consultation.

"It’s not that we restrict you. Even if you pass the written interview, you can’t get the teacher’s qualification certificate if you fail the physical examination. The final result is still the same." The staff of the examination institute answered her.

"This is different. Now it is a process. If I don’t have the opportunity to participate in the process, how can I know that the result is not possible?" Wang Ying said.

The staff of the examination institute consulted and still replied that she couldn’t: "First, we don’t have blind papers, and second, teachers don’t recruit blind people." And once again, I stressed that I can’t pass the physical examination and I can’t get the teacher qualification certificate.

The reporter obtained a schematic diagram of the work flow of Tianjin teacher qualification certification in 2017. According to this process, Wang Ying will face many tests next.

Wang Ying went on to reply that the examination papers or physical examinations for the blind are all things in the future and can’t be stuck in advance. "I just signed up and talked about it later."

"If you can’t take the test then, why do you sign up?" The staff asked.

"That’s the next step. Even if I can’t take the test then, it’s my personal reason." Wang Ying replied.

At 2 o’clock in the afternoon on the 19th, Wang Ying and her mother came to the Education Bureau of Jinghai District again and continued to strive for registration. At 4: 40, there were only ten minutes left before the registration system was closed. After reporting to the superior, the relevant staff of Jinghai District Education Bureau finally signed up Wang Ying.

"I have been grinding there and fighting for opportunities." Mother Wu Qingzhi recalled the situation at that time and breathed a sigh of relief.

There is no restriction on blind people in the application conditions.

The application materials for Braille papers or electronic papers have been mailed out.

Is Wang Ying qualified to register for the teacher qualification examination?

On the China Education Examination website, the reporter found the Announcement of Tianjin National Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Qualification Examination (Written Examination) in the First Half of 2018, in which nine items were listed in the "Entry Conditions", which stipulated the qualifications, domicile, personnel relationship and other conditions, but did not put forward any related requirements such as prohibiting blind people from entering the examination.

Rui Huang, a lawyer of Henan Zhanzhan Law Firm, told Red Star News that Article 4 of the Regulations on Employment of Disabled Persons stipulates that the state encourages social organizations and individuals to help and support the employment of disabled persons through various channels and forms, and encourages disabled persons to obtain employment through various forms such as job application. Discrimination against disabled people in employment is prohibited, and disabled people should improve their own quality and enhance their employability.

"The regulations prohibit discrimination against disabled people in employment. If blind people are excluded from taking the teacher qualification examination without legal reasons, it is naked discrimination." Rui Huang said.

Successful registration is the first breakthrough, and then Wang Ying will start to plan the examination paper.

The examination time is March 17th, which is less than two months, and there is a Spring Festival holiday in the middle. After consulting lawyer Rui Huang, Wang Ying began to prepare materials quickly and wrote two applications, "one is to apply for an electronic test paper, and the other is to apply for special convenience." She told Red Star News that the application would be printed out after it was written and sent to the examination center of the Ministry of Education.

Wang Ying wrote the application.

It is understood that there are several ways for blind people to take exams: Braille papers, electronic papers or manual reading. On the afternoon of January 24th, Wang Ying and her mother printed the Application Form for Government Information Disclosure and other materials, and mailed them to the Ministry of Education, the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission and other departments at the post office to apply for Braille papers or electronic papers.

For the next steps, Wang Ying can’t think so far now. What she cares about now is the examination paper. Lawyer Rui Huang introduced that Article 54 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Disabled Persons stipulates that all kinds of entrance examinations, vocational qualification examinations and post-holding examinations held by the state, in which blind people take part, should provide blind people with braille papers and electronic papers or be assisted by specialized staff.

Director of admissions

It is necessary to build a "blind road" and introduce special policies for special groups.

A staff member of Tianjin Education Admissions Examination Institute told Red Star News that in the second half of 2016, the teacher qualification examination was changed from the provincial examination to the national examination. After the national examination, the examination institute began to undertake related work, and Wang Ying was the first blind person to register.

"There should be more appeals and special measures should be taken for this special group." A director of the Admissions Office of the Education Bureau of Jinghai District, surnamed Liu, told Red Star News that at first, they thought that Wang Ying’s physical examination would definitely be a hard time, so they didn’t let her apply. Later, they saw that she really insisted. After asking the Tianjin Education Admissions Examination Institute, they agreed, and then they only said it step by step.

Director Liu introduced that there were also blind candidates who wanted to sign up for the teacher qualification examination before, but they were all discouraged because there were still vacancies in this area. "Just like blind people walking, let them go blind, but only if there is a blind road. If you let them walk on the normal road, they will definitely bump into each other and often violate traffic rules. "

Director Liu believes that this is not only a problem in Jinghai District or Tianjin. It is necessary to appeal to relevant departments to introduce special policies for special groups, because there are a series of procedures such as interview, physical examination and qualification recognition after the written test. "It is like building a blind road for them, and it will be unimpeded. If they are allowed to squeeze in ordinary people, they will be hit harder in the future."

Wang Ying reads books in Braille.

Executive Vice Chairman of China Blind Association

Disabled people are eligible to take the national examination, but there are many difficulties in practice.

Li Qingzhong, executive vice chairman of the China Association for the Blind, told Red Star News that there have been many successful cases of blind or visually impaired people becoming teachers at home and abroad, and they also have unique value. "For example, if a blind child is disobedient, an ordinary teacher will criticize it. It may make him rebellious, and blind teachers are more able to confide."

According to Li Qingzhong, according to relevant laws and regulations, disabled people are eligible to take national examinations, including college entrance examination, judicial examination, civil service examination, teacher qualification examination, etc. However, there are many difficulties in actual operation in various places, and even if they pass the examination, the physical examination standard is a great obstacle for them.

In the Education Bureau of Jinghai District, the reporter saw a printed "Tianjin Teacher Qualification Examination Standard", which showed:

Apply for the qualification of kindergarten and primary school teachers, with reference to the relevant provisions of the "secondary normal school enrollment physical examination standards"; Apply for the qualification of junior middle school teachers and above, with reference to the relevant provisions of the "higher normal school enrollment physical examination standards". The former stipulates that the sum of corrected visual acuity of both eyes is less than 5.0, and the latter is that the corrected visual acuity of both eyes is less than 5.0.

According to this standard, those whose corrected visual acuity is less than 5.0 in both eyes cannot be admitted.

Present situation of blind teachers

Both schools for the blind and ordinary schools have blind teachers.

Li Qingzhong told Red Star News that there are blind teachers in ordinary schools and schools for the blind, mostly in schools for the blind. There is no official statistics on the number of these blind teachers. However, there are nearly 100 blind teachers in a "group of blind teachers in national schools for the blind" he added. "There may be some others that we don’t know." According to Li Qingzhong, there are about 30 specialized schools for the blind in China.

Li Qingzhong introduced that most of the blind teachers in ordinary schools are blind halfway, such as Yang Jia, a professor at the Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences, and Fu Minghui, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University. "They were blind when they were very young, and then they made great contributions and proved to be competent for that job."

The blind teachers in blind schools, in addition to being blind halfway through the teacher qualification, were also blind before teaching, but they went to work in advance and obtained the teacher qualification after they were sure to be competent.

Wang Ying’s reading machine, if she wants to read ordinary books, she needs to scan pages into an electronic version, then use software to identify the words on the electronic version of the picture, convert them into documents, copy the documents into the reading machine, and read them out by voice.

Lv Min is a blind teacher in Anqing Special Education School. He was completely blind at the age of 12 due to traumatic retinal detachment, and then he was selected to enter the school. "We didn’t implement the teacher qualification certificate until many years after we joined the work, so we are a natural transition."

Lv Min told Red Star News that two young blind teachers who entered the school more than ten years ago passed the examination and obtained the teacher qualification, but at that time, the school came forward to communicate and got the certificate according to special circumstances. "It is difficult to coordinate the implementation of the national unified examination now, which is not something that schools can do."

A teacher from Tianjin School for the Visually Impaired told Red Star News that there are more than 50 teachers in the school, most of whom have normal vision or slightly low vision. There is only one teacher who is totally blind, which came more than 20 years ago. "Maybe it was not so strict at that time." Now, basically only normal vision can come in.

Beijing school for the blind is also in a similar situation. A teacher of the school told Red Star News that there are no completely blind teachers in the school, and a few of them have low vision. "They are all of a certain age, and they also met the relevant conditions at that time. It is not clear how they obtained the teacher qualification certificate before." The teacher introduced that if you want to enter the school as a teacher through public recruitment, including entering the Beijing School for the Blind, you must have a teacher qualification certificate, otherwise you will not be able to work.

"Recently, our China Blind Association also communicated with the Ministry of Education through the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments, and put forward several requirements in writing, such as providing blind papers in some exams." Li Qingzhong said, firstly, we should strive to promote the admission of blind people into the teaching staff, and secondly, we should promote the amendment of laws and regulations. If a series of standards are not changed, it will be difficult for blind people to become teachers now.

"Dreamcatcher" in the dark

Take down the pages of the textbook, scan it and convert it into "lectures"

Wang Ying’s online name is "Dream Chaser". For more than twenty years, she has been doggedly following her dreams.

After finishing junior high school, because there were no ordinary high school courses in blind schools, Wang Ying had to study acupuncture, massage and other majors again. She didn’t like it, so she chose to drop out of school, teach herself ordinary high school courses and read a lot of books on literature, history and philosophy.

Besides Braille books, she needs to read many ordinary textbooks or books, and this process is tedious.

Wang Ying reviewed the textbooks for the teacher qualification examination. The textbooks were dismantled and every page could be taken down.

She needs to tear down the pages of ordinary textbooks, scan them into picture format with a scanner, then identify the words on the pictures with software and convert them into documents, and then copy the documents into a reading machine and read them out by voice. Recently, her reading machine broke down and she listened to it on the computer. "Some words can’t be recognized, and you have to type them by hand. It’s hard." Mom Wu Qingzhi said.

Wang Ying studies at home every day. Her computer and mobile phone are equipped with voice software, and there will be voice prompts at every operation step. With such assistance, she can skillfully operate electronic equipment. She writes articles, sends photos in qq space, and sends friends with WeChat. She added some friends to WeChat and qq, entered some groups, and the text and expression voice software sent by the other party would be read.

"If you send a picture, you will be prompted to have a picture, but I don’t know what the picture is." Wang Ying said.

There is a thick stack of award certificates, and I like to develop the photos of my visit into a book.

Wang Ying has a thick stack of award certificates. She has a wide range of interests. When she was a child, she liked to participate in various competitions such as recitation, speech, hosting and cross talk. Later, she mainly focused on literature and published her works in newspapers and magazines.

Wang Ying and her honorary certificate.

In 2006, she won the silver medal in recitation in the fourth national children’s artistic style exhibition competition; In 2007, after domestic selection, she went to Russia with more than a dozen other youth representatives to participate in the performance of the Sino-Russian Cultural Exchange Year and won the title of "Art Angel of Sino-Russian Friendly Exchange"; In 2015, she won the first prize of the first National Prose Competition for the Blind, and participated in TV programs such as Good Chinese Poetry and Tang Poetry.

She likes to travel, sometimes accompanied by her mother and sometimes attending summer camps. She developed many photos of her visit and made them into photo albums.

Wang Ying’s visual memory of the world is very vague, and she only has a little impression of the moon. She also has no visual concept of various colors, but she can describe them by imagination.

"For example, pink is a dreamy and romantic feeling." Wang Ying said.　

Original title: The blind girl successfully registered for the national examination of teacher qualification certificate, but the written test, interview and physical examination are all difficult problems.

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

Automatic deduction？ Alipay and WeChat responded urgently!

recent days

"Alipay, WeChat Automatic Deduction Service"

Boarded Weibo Hot Search.

Some netizens posted that after opening an automatic debit service such as "pay after use" or "pay after leaving the store" of a merchant or APP, they gave the other party the authorization to directly deduct money. This authorization has no time limit, and the merchant can directly deduct money from the account at any time after using a confidential payment. Many netizens are worried about the safety of their funds.

In this regard, Alipay customer service said that it is necessary to sign an agreement with the merchant when opening the automatic withholding confidential payment. Only when the user authorizes it, the merchant can deduct the fee. When signing the agreement, the specific deduction period and deduction amount will be displayed, but the fees beyond the agreement will not be deducted. Users’ funds are safe, and unsigned and unauthorized content payments will not be deducted. Users can also choose not to open or sign the related automatic fee deduction service.

Wechat payment customer service said that the authorization period of automatic fee deduction business should be based on the page displayed at the time of opening, and the specific fee deduction frequency, subsequent deduction amount and other information will be displayed on the signing page, so there will be no arbitrary fee deduction. Users can also verify the automatic fee deduction service opened in their accounts through relevant paths, and close services they don’t need.

According to another introduction, there are nearly 60,000 complaints about "secret-free payment" on a complaint platform, including problems such as users being unwittingly opened with "secret-free payment", being unable to cancel it, and arbitrarily deducting fees after opening it.

Screenshot of complaint platform

In order to reduce the risk of brush theft

China Consumers Association suggested

Consumers take these measures.

↓↓↓

1. Do not turn on "confidential payment" unless necessary.

Give priority to turning off the confidentiality function, check whether Alipay, WeChat or bank card are bound, and turn off the privilege of "confidential payment".

If it is necessary to keep some confidential services, it is recommended to set them separately.

In addition, check the authorized applications regularly and remove the payment authorization of third-party applications that are not commonly used or trusted.

2. Strengthen account security protection

Set high-strength passwords and pay attention to replacement, avoid using simple passwords such as birthdays and consecutive numbers, and turn on the double authentication function to prevent accounts from being maliciously logged in.

Turn off non-essential payment rights, especially if Apple mobile phone users do not need to purchase applications through their accounts, they can disable related functions.

Use public Wi-Fi cautiously, avoid payment operation in public network environment, and prevent phishing or data interception.

3. Develop the habit of regular reconciliation

Check the bill notice in time, pay attention to the debit message sent by Alipay, WeChat or the bank, and check it immediately if you find unknown consumption.

Check the subscription service regularly and cancel the automatic renewal items that are no longer needed.

Learn every day

Regulations of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on Promoting National Unity and Progress

Chapter VI Guarantee and Supervision

Fifty-seventh national unity and progress work should implement the leadership responsibility system and the annual target responsibility assessment system, which should be included in the performance appraisal system.

Article 58 People’s governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the work of national unity and progress into national economic and social development plans and annual plans, establish and improve a long-term mechanism for the work of national unity and progress, and make overall plans and coordination on major issues concerning the work of national unity and progress.

The people’s governments at or above the county level shall include the funds needed for the work of national unity and progress in the fiscal budget at the corresponding level.

Article 59 The ethnic affairs department of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the organization, coordination, guidance and supervision of promoting national unity and progress within their respective administrative areas.

The relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with their respective duties, do a good job in promoting national unity and progress.

Sumu Township People’s Government and sub-district offices shall do a good job in promoting national unity and progress within their respective jurisdictions according to law.

Article 60 The judicial administrative department shall strengthen the publicity and education of the rule of law on national unity and progress, include the relevant laws and regulations on national unity and progress in the law popularization plan, improve the system of studying and using the law for the staff of state organs, and guide citizens to know and abide by the law.

Article 61 Supervisory organs, judicial organs, procuratorial organs, public security organs and state security organs shall protect the legitimate rights and interests of citizens of all ethnic groups according to law, severely crack down on illegal and criminal acts that undermine national unity and social stability according to law, and provide legal protection for the cause of national unity and progress.

Article 62 The people’s congresses with legislative power and their standing committees shall, according to their legislative authority, strengthen legislation on ethnic affairs and improve the level of governing ethnic affairs according to law.

The Standing Committee of the people’s congress at or above the county level and the Sumu Township People’s Congress shall exercise their supervisory powers according to law, adhere to correct supervision and effective supervision, and strengthen supervision over the work of national unity and progress by carrying out law enforcement inspections on relevant laws and regulations of national unity and progress, listening to work reports of the people’s governments at the same level, and making special inquiries.

Deputies to people’s congresses at all levels should take the lead in observing the Constitution, laws and regulations, supporting the implementation of the Party’s national policies, doing a good job in national unity and progress, and contributing to the cause of national unity and progress in the whole region.

Sixty-third to strengthen the construction of cadres of all ethnic groups and all kinds of talents. Cultivate, select and appoint cadres who master the party’s ethnic theory and policies, are familiar with ethnic work and practice ethnic unity.

Strengthen the training and selection of bilingual talents of all ethnic groups, especially bilingual teachers, bilingual judges and bilingual prosecutors.

Organs, enterprises and institutions shall implement the relevant policies of the state and the autonomous region when recruiting and employing staff.

Article 64 The people’s governments at or above the county level and their relevant departments shall establish and improve the early warning and emergency response mechanism for major emergencies involving ethnic factors, and prevent and resolve all kinds of contradictions and disputes that affect national unity.

Sixty-fifth any organization or individual has the right to stop and report illegal acts that undermine national unity, and the relevant departments shall promptly deal with them according to law after receiving the report.

Review in the past

Original title: "Automatic Deduction? Alipay and WeChat responded urgently! 》

Read the original text

Announcement on correction of basic operation and maintenance service items of toll road networking toll ministerial system of road network monitoring and emergency disposal center of Ministry of Tran

I. Basic information of the project

Purchase ItemNo. of the original announcement:/　　　　　　

Name of the original announced procurement project: public bidding announcement of basic operation and maintenance service project of toll road networking toll ministerial system of road network monitoring and emergency disposal center of Ministry of Transport.　　　　　　

Date of first announcement: April 18, 2025　　　　　　

Second, correct the information

Correction: procurement documents

Corrected content:

The fifth chapter of the tender documents Technical standards and requirements》Second, the service content,The original content is:

2.2 Cloud platform software update service
Cloud platform software update service
1. The underlying software of the cloud platform: tenant version _ software, CSB cloud service bus professional version _ software, CS computing cluster _ software, flexible function _ software, resource scheduling ROS_ software, VPC standard version _ software, SLB standard version _ software, proprietary cloud management platform software, proprietary cloud unified operation and maintenance software software license update and technical support.
2. Database storage software: AnalyticDB vector lightweight localized output _ software, OSS high-density and high-security version _ software, ECS block storage-high-efficiency cloud disk version (new) _ software, ADS standard version _ software, cloud database kvstore (compatible with Redis and Memcache)_ software, DRDS enterprise platinum version _ software, DRDS enterprise platinum version expansion package _ software.
3. Security support software: database security audit _ software license update and technical support, Yundun-basic components, bastion machine, cloud security management center (SOC), DDoS cleaning, network traffic detection and response (ISW), Anknight Advanced Edition, cloud firewall, Web application firewall, situational awareness _ software license update and technical support, network traffic detection and response (CSW)_ software and vulnerabilities.
4. Data supporting software: data management _for_ads_, _for_drds_, _for_rds_ software license update and technical support.
5. Middleware: Message Queuing (MQ) Platinum Edition _ Software, DataV- Product Base-Standard Edition _ Software, DNS Standard Edition _ Software License Update and Technical Support.
6. Data synchronization: DTS data synchronization _ software, ASR remote disaster recovery version _ software license update and technical support

　

After the change, the content is:

2.2 Cloud platform software update service
1. Complete the version upgrade of the cloud platform in Beijing Center of the existing network, formulate a detailed upgrade plan, provide the upgrade package of the existing cloud platform cloud products, carry out upgrade planning, and finally complete the implementation and delivery of the upgrade, so as to realize the verification of the results of the version upgrade of the cloud platform, including the functional verification of test resource creation, VPC network, ECS instance, SLB instance, OSS instance, RDS instance, Redis instance, etc., and ensure the upgrade archiving, residual application cleaning, etc., and provide a rollback plan.
2. Complete the version upgrade of the cloud platform in Nanjing Center of the existing network, realize the data synchronization between Beijing and Nanjing Center, formulate detailed upgrade plans, provide upgrade packages for existing cloud platforms, carry out upgrade planning, and finally complete the implementation and delivery of the upgrade, so as to verify the results of the version upgrade of the cloud platform, including the functional verification of test resource creation, VPC network, ECS instance, SLB instance, OSS instance, RDS instance and Redis instance, and ensure the upgrade archiving and residual application.

The deadline for submission of bid documents and the time for bid opening in Chapter I Tender Announcement and Chapter II Instructions to Bidders are changed from "9: 30 on May 9, 2025" to "9: 30 on May 21, 2025"; The submission time of bidding documents was changed from "9: 00 to 9: 30 on May 9, 2025" to "9: 00 to 9: 30 on May 21, 2025".

Date of correction: May 7, 2025　

Iii. Other supplementary matters

4. If you have any questions about the contents of this announcement, please contact us in the following ways.

1. Purchaser information

Name: Road Network Monitoring and Emergency Disposal Center of Ministry of Transport　　　　　

Address: 21st Floor, Block A, Sinotrans Building, Building 8, anding road No.5 Courtyard, Chaoyang District, Beijing.　　　　　　　　

Contact information: Mr. He, 010-65299317　　　　　　

2. Purchasing agency information

Name: Huajie Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd.　　　　　　　　　　　　

Address: Room 1101, Century Xingyuan Building, No.20 Anyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing　　　　　　　　　　　　

Contact: Mr. Meng and Ms. Chen 010-64997373　　　　　　　　　　　　

3. Contact information of the project

Project Contact: Chen Hongmei

Tel: 010-64997373

　

　

After the epidemic, how to change the disease control reform？

After every major epidemic, there will always be a lot of reflection, which is the reason for the continuous progress of mankind, also known as learning from a pit. After SARS in 2003, China’s disease prevention and control system was given an opportunity to upgrade: a nationwide unified network direct reporting system for infectious diseases was established, and a case of "unexplained" pneumonia was specially designed in order to avoid the failure of reporting some diseases that have not been clearly defined for the time being; Established the Emergency Regulations for Public Health Emergencies, which stipulated a four-level emergency response mechanism; In many places, the health and epidemic prevention stations were renamed as centers for disease prevention and control, which clarified the establishment standards and improved the administrative level of the units … However, at the end of last year, the sudden COVID-19 epidemic gave us a real test of the achievements of the disease control system construction in the past 17 years, and the results were not satisfactory, exposing many problems. 　　

What are the main problems? 　　

(1) The direct reporting system of epidemic situation, which has been built with huge investment, is not running smoothly.　

(B) In the cry of strengthening the construction of disease control system, the number of disease control professionals has decreased compared with 2003. According to the Statistical Bulletin on the Development of Health Care in China in 2019, there are 188,000 people in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, including 140,000 health technicians, which are 20,000 and 19,000 fewer than in 2003 respectively.　

(C) CDC system, people floating, brain drain accelerated. In June, 2019, at a seminar held in the State Council Development Research Center, Ceng Guang, chief epidemiologist of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said: Due to various problems accumulated for a long time and the further decline in income due to recent policy reasons, people in the disease control system are floating and the brain drain is accelerating. In the past three years, there have been as many as 100 young and middle-aged backbones lost from the National Center for Disease Control and Prevention alone, and the brain drain from disease control institutions in some places may be more serious.　

(4) The number of disease control institutions has decreased, and some places have even merged disease control institutions in the name of reform. In 2003, there were 3,584 national centers for disease control and prevention (epidemic prevention stations), and by the end of 2019, there were only 3,403 centers, a decrease of 181. In July 2018, Liaoning Province issued the red-headed document "Optimization and Integration Plan of Provincial Public Welfare Institutions", which reorganized and integrated the provincial and municipal disease control and health supervision departments. After the integration, only provincial disease control remained, and disease control and health supervision institutions below the provincial level were integrated and will no longer exist.　

(5) The county-level CDC is beset with "diseases" and its business development is stagnant and retrogressive. Professional and technical personnel are in short supply, and there is a serious shortage of staff; Aging infrastructure and insufficient investment; The channel of working funds is single; Lack of incentive and restraint performance appraisal system, lack of enthusiasm for disease control cadres. 　　　

Reform is imperative! How to change it? 　　

Gao Fu suggested. 　　

According to the report of China Youth Daily on May 27th, Gao Fu, director of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, who attended the third session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, called for speeding up the reform of the disease control system. He proposed to strengthen the core competence of disease control institutions and improve their "professional voice". 　　

He said that the new pneumonia epidemic has exposed the shortcomings of China’s major epidemic prevention and control system and public health system construction. As the main force of epidemic prevention and control, CDC has not fully played its role in early warning and monitoring, epidemiological investigation, and the proposal and implementation of prevention and control measures, and is faced with problems such as insufficient capacity, professional voice can not meet the requirements of modern disease prevention and control management and the increasingly diverse needs of the masses. The existing problems include: the CDC’s "unequal power and responsibility", the responsibility to put forward prevention and control strategies, the lack of decision-making power and discourse power to deal with the epidemic, and the "disconnection between administrative decision-making and technical strategies", and the CDC experts can only exercise the right of suggestion and cannot participate in decision-making; There is only a relationship of guidance and guidance between the superior and the subordinate disease control institutions, which makes it difficult to form an effective joint force in dealing with the epidemic situation. The division of labor and cooperation mechanism between disease prevention and control institutions and medical institutions is not perfect.

The administrative functions of disease prevention and control are decentralized. The disease prevention, control and emergency functions of the national health administrative department are scattered in many departments, such as disease prevention and control bureau, medical management and emergency office. There is a lot of interference in the details of prevention and control, and there is no comprehensive coordination. According to Gao Fu, from 2010 to 2018, the total number of CDC staff at all levels in China decreased by 3.9%, among which the number of professional technicians mainly practicing doctors decreased by 10.8%.

In terms of funds, the share of medical and health expenditure of CDC decreased from 2.9% to 2.4%. He stressed that the key to the reform of the disease prevention and control system "is not whether it has administrative power, but that the technical work is not subject to administrative intervention and maintains its independent technology and authority." To this end, he suggested clarifying the responsibilities of the administrative department and the technical department.

According to the law, CDC has the right to formulate and publish prevention and control strategies and technical plans, and is responsible for monitoring, investigating, handling, early warning and evaluating the epidemic situation. He suggested, "Give the CDC decision-making power in the field of professional affairs and reduce the micro-management and direct management of the CDC by the health administrative department. Explore the establishment of a mechanism for reporting public health work and major issues directly to the leaders in charge of the government, and directly release epidemic information with the authorization of the government. " In addition, he suggested strengthening the awareness and ability of coordination, strengthening the management of higher-level disease control institutions to lower-level disease control institutions, implementing vertical business management of major public health service projects under the jurisdiction of the central government, and strengthening the national disease control system. On the afternoon of June 2nd, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader presided over a symposium of experts and scholars and delivered an important speech. He emphasized that the disease prevention and control system is an important guarantee for protecting people’s health, ensuring public health safety and maintaining economic and social stability. We should base ourselves on more accurate and effective prevention, and intensify reform in rationalizing the system and mechanism, clarifying the functional orientation, and improving professional ability.

It is necessary to establish a stable investment mechanism for public health undertakings, improve the basic conditions for disease prevention and control, and improve public health services.

It is necessary to optimize and improve the function setting of disease prevention and control institutions and establish a division of labor and cooperation mechanism linked up and down.

It is necessary to strengthen the capacity building of national disease prevention and control institutions and strengthen their technology, ability and talent reserve. It is necessary to improve the linkage mechanism between disease control institutions and urban and rural communities, strengthen the disease prevention responsibilities of township hospitals and community health service centers, and consolidate the grassroots foundation of joint prevention and control.

It is necessary to innovate the coordination mechanism of medical care and prevention, and establish a mechanism of mutual restriction between personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision.

It is necessary to strengthen the construction of disease control talent team, establish a talent training and use mechanism that adapts to the modern disease control system, and stabilize the grassroots disease control team.

It is necessary to build a number of high-level public health colleges and focus on cultivating talents who can solve practical problems such as pathogen identification, epidemic situation research and transmission law research, on-site epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing.

It is imperative to strengthen the ability of early monitoring and early warning, improve the monitoring system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, improve the monitoring mechanism of unexplained diseases and abnormal health events, improve the sensitivity and accuracy of evaluation and monitoring, establish a multi-point trigger mechanism of intelligent early warning, improve the multi-channel monitoring and early warning mechanism, and improve the ability of real-time analysis and centralized judgment.

It is necessary to strengthen the construction of laboratory testing network and improve the ability of infectious disease detection. It is necessary to establish a collaborative monitoring mechanism between public health institutions and medical institutions, give play to the role of grass-roots sentinel, and achieve early detection, early reporting and early disposal.

It is necessary to improve the response plan system for public health emergencies, set up health emergency teams by classification, and cover the fields of situation judgment, epidemiological investigation, medical treatment, laboratory testing, community guidance, and material deployment. It is necessary to strengthen the knowledge reserve and training exercises of grassroots health personnel and enhance the ability of pre-disposal. It is necessary to carry out in-depth publicity and education on health emergency knowledge, and improve the people’s awareness of public health emergencies and their ability to prevent self-help and mutual aid.

Party committees and governments at all levels should establish regular research and deployment of health and health work mechanisms such as prevention and control of major epidemics, so as to ensure clear instructions, orderly systems, smooth implementation.

Hubei exploration 　　

On June 10th, the Seventh Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Hubei Provincial Committee was held in Wuhan. The meeting discussed the Opinions of Hubei Provincial People’s Government on Promoting the Reform of Disease Prevention and Control System and Public Health System, and decided to take the lead in domestic exploration, plan the reform of medical and health system as a whole, systematically reshape the public health system, and improve the system and mechanism of major epidemic prevention and control. Ying Yong, secretary of Hubei Provincial Party Committee, attended the meeting and delivered a speech. He pointed out that the prevention and control of the epidemic situation reflected the problems of imperfect network, unclear functions and separation of medical care and prevention in our province.

It is necessary to reform the disease control system in accordance with the unified arrangements of the CPC Central Committee. Straighten out the system and mechanism, clarify the functional orientation, and enhance the professional ability. Strengthen the administrative functions of disease control institutions, implement the responsibility of supervision and supervision, and the main person in charge of disease control institutions is also a member of the health department at the same level.　

Explore and promote the "first-class security and second-class management", implement the "two permits" in detail, allow disease control institutions to break through the current wage control level of public institutions, allow medical and health technical services to be provided on the basis of completing approved tasks, and further stimulate the endogenous motivation of disease control institutions. Strengthen the construction of disease control talents. Disease control institutions should strengthen monitoring and early warning functions, and effectively strengthen the construction of hardware facilities and infectious disease detection capabilities. The coordination of medical care and prevention should be the top priority.

Try out the system of "chief public health officer" in the health department. Formulate a list of public health responsibilities, improve public health service projects, and innovate the coordination mechanism between disease control institutions and medical institutions around the establishment of a mechanism of mutual restraint between personnel communication, information communication, resources communication and supervision and supervision. It is imperative to enhance early monitoring and early warning capabilities. The premise of epidemic monitoring and early warning is that the sources of epidemic information are unblocked and data are shared openly. It is necessary to improve the monitoring system of infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and establish a multi-point trigger mechanism of intelligent early warning to achieve early detection, early reporting and early disposal.　

Lao Xu suggested. 　　

(a) the implementation of epidemic reporting according to law, reduce human intervention, give full play to the state invested heavily in the establishment of the network is said to be relatively advanced epidemic reporting system. (two) strengthen the training of disease prevention and control professionals. First of all, we should plan the disease prevention and control system and the construction of talent team from the strategic height of national long-term stability. Huang Qifan once suggested that the training of public health and epidemic prevention talents must be expanded in scale and improved in quality, and double-class universities should be encouraged to set up high-quality public health colleges, rather than only medical colleges to set up this major; Build a national key university of public health and epidemic prevention, such as "China University of Public Health", pay equal attention to teaching and scientific research, cultivate high-end public health and epidemic prevention talents for the country, and concentrate on establishing a research system and laboratory system of public health and epidemic prevention, gather high-end scientific and technological talents from all over the world, and undertake cutting-edge research work in the field of public health in China and even the world.　

(3) In deepening the reform of the medical and health system, we should make overall plans for the reform of the disease control system. In particular, it should be noted that the disease control system can only be strengthened, not weakened; The talent team can only be steadily strengthened, and it cannot be floating and brain drain; The reform of disease control can only take a more professional road, establish the authority of disease control because of its specialty, and increase the right to speak in decision-making, instead of taking an administrative road. Disease prevention and control should be incorporated into the national security strategy, and an elite team that is professional, authoritative and trusted by all parties should be established, rather than an administrative grease.　

(four) pay close attention to the capacity building of grassroots disease control institutions. Create the first line of defense for disease prevention and control. 　

A number of chemical industrial zones in Jiangsu were exposed to pollution, dug 30 meters underground and buried underground pipes to discharge pollutants.

　　The picture shows a pond photographed in the chemical park of Yanweigang Town, Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province on March 30, 2018. The pond water and beach separated from the sea by a dike are "colorful". Reporter Li Xiangshe

　　Recently, chemical parks in Yancheng, Lianyungang and other places in Jiangsu Province have exposed environmental pollution problems one after another, which has aroused widespread concern in society. A reporter from the Economic Information Daily recently visited a number of Lingang Chemical Industry Zones in Jiangsu Province and found that although the ecological environment has improved, the surrounding ecological environment is still fragile due to too many ecological debts. The leading group of joint investigation in Jiangsu province and city found that some enterprises even dug 30 meters to secretly bury underground pipes to discharge pollutants, causing ecological and environmental problems such as water source and soil. Experts called for an iron fist for future governance, and it is urgent to jump out of the cycle of "remediation as soon as a problem occurs, and remediation after another problem".

　　Scene: disturbing smell

　　Recently, reporters from the Economic Information Daily have visited Binhai, Funing Aoyang, Xiangshui Chemical Industry Park in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province and Duigou Chemical Industry Park in guannan county City, Lianyungang City. They can smell the smell of chemicals several kilometers away, and the smell of apples and rotten eggs comes into their noses from time to time.

　　"Especially in rainy days and at night, the smell of chemical plants is so strong that sometimes doors and windows can be smelled when they are closed." Some people around Funing Aoyang Chemical Industry Park reflected. "Even if most chemical enterprises are shut down, the smell of overhaul is still unbearable, which shows that the whole process control level was not in place when the chemical enterprises were built." A staff member in charge of environmental protection of Funing High-tech Zone Management Committee said.

　　Besides air, the problem of water is also worrying. The reporter found that around the Lingang Industrial Zone in Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province, the pond water and beach separated from the sea by a dike are colorful; In Funing Aoyang Industrial Park, a sewage ditch in front of pesticide plant, the smell of chemicals is pungent and disgusting.

　　The reporter of Economic Information Daily went deep into Jiangsu Shengshi Chemical Co., Ltd. in Lingang Industrial Zone of Guanyun County, Jiangsu Province, and found that although the company had stopped production and there was no one in the factory, it still smelled pungent. The iron big warehouse in the factory area is rusty. The reporter saw through the crack that there are still bags of things in it. The soil near the iron warehouse is slightly green, and there are many sewage with unknown composition and black color in the pool behind the factory area.

　　The reporter then went to Sanbaigong Village, which is just across the river from the Lingang Industrial Zone in Guanyun County.

　　Jiang Shunyou, a 56-year-old villager, told the reporter that in the past, as long as it was windy, the smell of the surrounding chemical plants would float to the village, which was more pungent. At that time, as soon as they entered the city, others could smell their peculiar smell. Villager Zhuang Guimei reported that the air in the village was very poor in the past, especially at night, and he was afraid to open the window. Moreover, the wind direction is different, and the smell of chemicals blown is also different. However, "in recent years, many chemical plants around have been closed, and the smell is much smaller."

　　Jiang Yufeng and other villagers told reporters that from 2011 to 2016, chemical plants started to discharge more pollutants, and the smell was more serious. In foggy days and rainy days, some chemicals would land on farmland, crops would not grow, and grain output was relatively low. In the past two years, the air quality has improved a lot and the crops are growing well.

　　At the dock of Yanwei Port adjacent to the port industrial zone, the reporter saw that there were similar oily suspended substances flowing on the sea surface, and some construction waste and waste steel were scattered near the port, which was rather messy. Shan Lianye, a 54-year-old fisherman, told reporters that the pollution in the port was serious more than two years ago, and sometimes a blood-red pollution zone could be seen on the water surface. The fish and shrimp caught in those years also had an odor and dared not eat it. In the last two years, the surrounding chemical plants have been shut down a lot, and the environment has improved a little.

　　Investigation: thrilling stealing

　　In order to thoroughly investigate the environmental pollution problems of three chemical industrial parks in Guanhekou, Jiangsu established a provincial and municipal joint investigation leading group, which consists of a comprehensive coordination group and three special investigation teams, including environmental violations, planning and layout, elimination of backward production capacity, and performance supervision, to carry out special investigations. Since the end of April, all special investigation teams have been stationed in Guanyun, Guannan and Xiangshui chemical parks to formulate investigation plans.

　　With regard to the problem of gas odor, the environmental protection departments of cities and counties in Jiangsu Province jointly inspected 41 chemical enterprises in the "Liangguan" Chemical Park one by one, and promptly put on record and investigated the suspected environmental violations of 12 enterprises including Tengyu Chemical in Guanyun County and Vigris Chemical in guannan county. Lianyungang Environmental Protection Department deployed the city’s environmental law enforcement forces, and divided them into six groups to carry out a "carpet" environmental inspection of enterprises in Guanyun County and guannan county Chemical Industry Park. At present, 8 enterprises have been inspected, and 6 suspected environmental violations of 5 enterprises are being investigated and handled. After preliminary investigation, the following problems are mainly found:

　　First, the problem of stealing buried pipes still exists. For the problem of concealed pipes, the governments of Guanyun County and guannan county called more than 20 excavators and pipe jacking detection devices to investigate around the clock. After investigation, a concealed pipe was found 3 kilometers near the estuary of Yihe River in Guanyun County. After the reverse tracking of the pipe and the sampling analysis of water samples and nearby soil, Lianyungang Yongrun Chemical Co., Ltd. was locked up. At present, the public security department has taken control measures against three responsible persons of the enterprise, and the county government has also ordered the enterprise to close down.

　　"After we found the concealed pipe, we tracked it all the way to the sewage pool of Yongrun Chemical Co., Ltd., which is 3 kilometers away. The whole concealed pipe was U-shaped, with the deepest point of 30 meters and the caliber of 110 mm." A staff member of Lingang Branch of Guanyun County Environmental Supervision Bureau introduced.

　　Second, there are still multiple problems in drinking well water, farmland water and pond water. Xu Yong, an accountant in Sanbaigong Village, told the reporter that before the tap water was connected to the village in November 2017, the villagers relied on two deep wells for drinking water. The water quality analysis results of Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center Station on April 19th showed that the ammonia nitrogen index of one of the wells in the village was slightly higher than the standard. Zhuang Guimei, who runs a supermarket in the village, told reporters that although the well water in the village can be drunk, some villagers did not dare to drink it because they were worried about the pollution of the well water.

　　The reporter’s investigation also found that in the cement sewer of Sanbaigong Village, the sewage was mixed with garbage, with a black color and a foul smell, which needed to be rectified urgently. Some ditches in farmland are mostly stagnant water, which is not connected with each other. The water surface is yellow and black, and some pesticide packages and bottle caps are scattered along the ditches. Lianyungang environmental protection department also sampled and tested two farmland ditches in Sanbaigong Village, and the permanganate index was high. The permanganate index of the water sample in the north-south junction ditch between Sanbaigong Village and Yannan Farm is as high as 19.6, which far exceeds the environmental quality standard of Class V surface water.

　　Third, soil pollution in some areas is worrying. In a farmland in Sanbaigong Village, the reporter found that the surrounding crops are growing well, and only one inch of grass is barren in the middle, which is very strange. The local village cadres explained that crops could not grow because of the low-lying saline-alkali land, but the reporter found that the surrounding areas where crops grew were almost the same terrain, which was difficult to establish. At present, the local environmental protection department has sampled and analyzed the soil there.

　　Action: Strict law enforcement.

　　In view of the serious damage to the ecological environment in Binhai County, Dafeng District, Xiangshui County of Yancheng City, Guanyun County of Lianyungang City, guannan county City and Dainan Town of xinghua city, in late April, Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department successively implemented a six-month regional approval restriction for the above six areas. During the period, the examination and approval of environmental impact assessment documents of all construction projects except environmental protection infrastructure projects and people’s livelihood projects will be suspended.

　　Aiming at the areas along the Yangtze River where chemical enterprises are also highly concentrated, Jiangsu Province has launched a special campaign of joint enforcement of environmental protection in eight cities along the Yangtze River, which combines cross-checking with provincial supervision.

　　The one-month joint law enforcement campaign mainly targeted at stationary pollution sources in Nanjing, Wuxi, Changzhou, Suzhou, Nantong, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Taizhou and counties (cities, districts) under its jurisdiction, focusing on key parks and enterprises in eight cities along the Yangtze River with strong public reaction, prominent media attention, serious pollution discharge and lagging progress in remediation. The inspection team is composed of the environmental protection departments and public security organs of eight cities along the Yangtze River who are responsible for selecting the business backbones in their respective jurisdictions.

　　Chen Zhipeng, member of the party group and deputy director of Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department, bluntly said that the areas along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu are densely populated and densely populated, and the resources and environment have been in a tight state. "About two-thirds of the province’s heavy chemical production capacity is concentrated along the banks of the Yangtze River, and the total wastewater discharge of the eight cities along the Yangtze River accounts for 74% of the province. Although law enforcement has been continuously strengthened in recent years and environmental crimes have been severely cracked down, illegal cases are still high. "

　　"Since last year, the province’s public security organs have investigated and dealt with 534 criminal cases of environmental pollution, including more than 400 cases in 8 cities along the Yangtze River, accounting for more than 70%, showing new characteristics such as more concealed crime methods, more complicated crime chains and more prominent cross-regional crimes." Shang Jianrong, deputy secretary and deputy director of the Party Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Public Security Department, said that this joint law enforcement special action will combine end-to-end attack with front-end governance, macro-judgment with case analysis, and crack down on pollution crimes in the whole chain and all links, so as to clear the source, break the chain and remove the roots.

　　According to the information released by Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Protection Department recently, all inspection teams have been put in place and a number of environmental pollution problems have been discovered one after another. Among them, the sixth inspection team composed of Nantong environmental monitoring and public security personnel found that a stainless steel production enterprise in Zhangjiagang City had a concealed pipe leading directly to the river, and the end of the concealed pipe was connected with the storage tank of blackening process washing wastewater (hazardous solid waste). At the same time, similar waste liquid was dumped in the farmland behind the factory. Subsequently, the local police intervened in advance, and after locking the evidence, they will quickly file a case for investigation according to the law.

　　During the on-site inspection of a hot dip galvanizing plant in Yangzhou, Nanjing Group found that the farmland soil on the west side of the plant was strongly acidic, which was consistent with the acidity of the waste liquid in the waste liquid barrel in the plant, and it was suspected of stealing waste liquid. The monitoring personnel further compared and analyzed the soil and waste liquid samples. The inspectors also found that the company’s acid mist tower was strongly acidic and did not add lye for absorption, which was suspected that the facility was not operating normally.

　　"The purpose of the special action is very clear, that is, to attack the environmental problems that have been strongly reflected by the masses and have not been solved for a long time, to break down regional protection, to prevent human law enforcement and pollution, to crack down on environmental violations, to safeguard the interests of the masses, and to protect the ecological security of the Yangtze River." Ding Nianlong, head of Nantong Group, said. (Reporter Lu Huadong and Qin Huajiang)

360 Zhou Hongyi fired again： GPT 6-8 will have a sense of autonomy. Let’s measure right and wrong.

Recently, Zhou Hongyi of 360 said."GPT6 to GPT8 artificial intelligence will generate consciousness and become a new species.In the future, the artificial intelligence big language model may realize self-evolution, automatic system updating and self-upgrading, or exponential evolution ability, and human beings will face unpredictable security challenges. "

Zhou Hongyi, as a "master of tuyeres", has to get involved in almost every tuyere. What he said is somewhat credible, and it is necessary to make a big question mark.

Moreover, Zhou Hongyi only gave a prediction, but did not give his own reasons and reasoning logic.

As a media that focuses on the depth of the industry, we should not stay on the slogan of the headline party, but analyze the problem from a deeper level.

Will GPT grow into a general artificial intelligence model? If so, how long will this process take? Next, we try to discuss this disturbing problem together.

To answer this question, we need to "tear down" a big model like GPT and see what is inside it and how it works.

"Unpack" the black box of the big model

Large model refers to a neural network model with a very large number of parameters, which is usually used to deal with complex natural language processing, image recognition, speech recognition and other tasks. The core elements of the large model are mainly neural network, layer, neuron and parameters.

Data ape mapping

neural network

Neural network is a machine learning algorithm, which is inspired by the nervous system of human brain. It consists of multiple layers, each layer contains multiple neurons, and the connections between layers form a neural network. Each neuron receives the input from the neuron in the upper layer, calculates the output according to its input, and then passes it on to the next layer.

floor

Layer is a part of neural network, which is composed of multiple neurons. Each layer can be configured with different parameters such as activation function and optimizer. Usually, each layer will transform the input and then pass the output to the next layer. Common layers include fully connected layer, convolution layer, pooling layer, etc. The basis for dividing different types of layers is mainly the type of data processed, the internal structure of layers, the functions of layers, etc. For example, the fully connected layer is the simplest and most commonly used layer in neural networks. Its core function is to connect all neurons in the upper layer with all neurons in this layer. This connection allows the neural network to learn the complex nonlinear relationship of input data. Fully connected layer is usually used for image classification, speech recognition, natural language processing and other tasks; Convolution layer is the core layer of Convolution Neural Network (CNN), which is used to process data with spatial structure, such as images. Its core function is to perform convolution operation on the input data through a set of learnable convolution kernels to extract the features of the input data. The internal structure of convolution layer includes several convolution kernels and a bias term, and the output of convolution layer is usually input into pooling layer.

neuron

Neurons are the basic units in neural networks,Its main function is to receive signals from neurons in the input layer or the previous layer and generate output signals. The inputs of neurons are transmitted through a set of weighted connections and are weighted and summed in neurons. Then, this sum is input into the activation function for nonlinear transformation to produce the output of neurons.

The core of neuron is activation function, which is the core component of neuron processing input signal. Neurons receive input signals, sum them with weights, and then input them into the activation function for nonlinear transformation.The function of activation function is to introduce nonlinear factors into neurons, so that neurons can learn nonlinear models, thus improving the expression ability of models.

parameter

Parameters refer to variables in the neural network, which will be updated with the training of the neural network.Each neuron has a weight vector and an offset term, which are usually called parameters.The values of these parameters will be updated by the optimizer during training to make the output of the neural network as close as possible to the expected output.

To sum up, neurons are components of layers, and layers are components of neural networks. Parameters are stored in neurons, and each neuron has a set of parameters (weights and offsets). During the training process, the optimizer will update these parameters to make the output of the neural network as close as possible to the expected output.

So, how do neural networks, layers, neurons and parameters work systematically?

Next, we take the training process of GPT-4 as an example to illustrate the cooperation process of different elements in the training process of large model, specifically:

1) Firstly, all parameters of GPT-4 model are randomly initialized, including the weight and deviation of each neuron in the neural network.

2) Prepare data sets, which can be marked texts, such as articles, novels, papers, social media posts, etc. Before training, data must be preprocessed and cleaned up, such as deleting special characters, stop words and other irrelevant information.

3) Training data will be divided into several small batches, usually each batch contains hundreds to thousands of text samples. Input each batch into GPT-4 model, and the model will calculate the output according to the current parameters, that is, predict the probability distribution of the next word.

4) Calculate the loss function of the model, which can reflect the performance of the model on the training set. In the case of language model, cross entropy is usually used as the loss function.

5) Calculate the gradient of parameters according to the backpropagation algorithm, and the gradient reflects the change rate of the loss function of the model at a certain point. Then use the optimizer to update the parameters of the model to reduce the loss function.

6) Repeat steps 3-5 until the performance of the model reaches the expectation or the training time is exhausted.

Kind of like the human brain.

From the above analysis, we can see that the big model is trying to simulate the working mechanism of the human brain. In fact, at present, human beings are the only intelligent creatures. If a large model is as intelligent as human beings, "bionic" is the best way.

Next, let’s briefly sort out the structure and working mechanism of the human brain, and then compare the structure and working mechanism of the big model with that of the human brain.

Let’s first look at the structure of the human brain.

The human brain is a neural network system composed of tens of billions of neurons, and neurons are the basic units of neural networks. Each neuron is connected with each other by synapses, which are the basic channels for transmitting information between neurons.

The core function of neurons is to receive, process and transmit information.A neuron usually consists of three parts: cell body, dendrite and axon.Neurons receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body through dendrites. The cell body processes these signals and generates output signals, which are transmitted to other neurons through axons.

The connection between neurons is usually realized through synapses. Synapses are divided into chemical synapses and electrical synapses. Chemical synapses transmit signals through neurotransmitters, while electrical synapses transmit information directly through electrical signals.

The human brain is composed of a large number of neurons and synapses, which are connected together according to specific laws to form different neural circuits and neural networks. These neural circuits and neural networks work together to complete various complex cognitive, perceptual, emotional and behavioral activities of the human body.

Through the above analysis, we can make an analogy between the human brain and various elements of the big model, as shown in the following table:

The layer in the big model can be compared with the cortex in the human brain.The layer of the large model is composed of several neurons, each neuron receives the output of the previous layer as input, and calculates it through the activation function to produce the output of this layer. The cerebral cortex is a complex network composed of neurons and synapses, in which each neuron also receives the output of other neurons as input, and transmits and processes information at synapses through chemical signals.

Neurons in the large model can be compared with neurons in the human brain.They are the basic computing units in the network, which receive input signals and process them through activation functions to generate output signals. Neurons in the human brain are the basic computing units in organisms. They connect with other neurons through synapses, receive chemical signals from other neurons, and generate output signals through electrical signals.

The parameters of the large model can be compared with the synaptic weights in the human brain, which determine the intensity and mode of information transmission between neurons. Synaptic weights in the human brain also play a similar role, which determines the connection strength between neurons and the signal transmission mode at synapses.

Quantitative comparison between large model and human brain

The above is only from a qualitative point of view, to understand the big model, the working mechanism of the human brain, and to make an analogy to their core elements.

Quantitative change leads to qualitative change, even if it is similar in structure, but the difference in quantity often leads to great difference.

Next, let’s compare the big model with the human brain from a quantitative point of view.

The following are the approximate values of the total number of neural layers and parameters of GPT-1 to GPT-3.5 models (the number of neurons is not disclosed, and GPT-4 does not disclose relevant data):

Then, let’s look at the number of neurons and synapses in the human brain. In order to make the results more referential, besides humans, we also selected monkeys, dolphins, cats and ants. The specific results are as follows:

From the above analysis, we know that the neurons of the large model can be classified as human neurons, and the parameters of the large model can be classified as synapses of the human brain. But unfortunately, the big models in the industry rarely disclose the number of neurons, but generally disclose the size of parameters. Therefore, we compare the parameter scale of GPT series large models with the synaptic scale of human, monkey, dolphin and cat brains:

From the above table, it can be seen that the "intelligence" level of GPT-3.5 has fallen within the intelligence range of monkeys, which is 285.7-2857 times worse than that of human beings.

On the other hand, from the evolution speed of GPT itself, the parameter scale can be increased by two orders of magnitude in the first two iterations, but after GPT-3, the speed of parameter scale increase is greatly reduced. Assuming that the parameter scale of GPT will increase by five times in each iteration, after five iterations (the fifth power of five is 3125), that is, GPT-9, its "intelligence level" may catch up with human beings.

Of course, the above inference is only a simple model, and there is an assumption that the intelligence level is positively related to the size of synapses (parameters). But whether this hypothesis can be established needs a big question mark.

Compared with synapses, neurons are a better indicator of intelligence. Judging from the current situation, the information processing ability of the activation function of the large model is far weaker than that of human brain neurons. The activation function of large model neurons is relatively simple. For example, the neurons of Sigmoid activation function have a smooth S-shaped curve in the output range, which can realize tasks such as binary classification, and the neurons of ReLU activation function have nonlinear modified linear properties. Relatively speaking,The neuron of the human brain is a biological cell, and its information processing ability is definitely far beyond a simple mathematical function. Therefore, even if the number of neurons in the large model catches up with the level of the human brain and reaches hundreds of billions (the corresponding parameter scale exceeds 1000 trillion), its intelligence level cannot be compared with that of the human brain.

In addition, the neural network of the large model can be compared with the neural network of the human brain, but their implementation methods are completely different. The neural network of large model simulates the connection and information transmission between neurons through mathematical model, while the neural network of human brain is a complex structure composed of neurons, synapses and other biological elements. In addition,The connections between neurons in the neural network of human brain are very complicated, and they can freely establish, dismantle and adjust the connections, while the neural network of large model is set in advance.

At present, human beings are still relatively "safe". But let’s not forget,The size of neurons in the human brain is almost constant, while the size of neurons and parameters in the large model is increasing exponentially.According to this trend, it may be only a matter of time before the intelligence level of large models catches up with human beings.

Hinton, a great god in the field of artificial intelligence, said, "The development of general artificial intelligence is much faster than people think. Until recently, I thought it would take about 20-50 years for us to realize universal artificial intelligence. Now, the realization of general artificial intelligence may take 20 years or less. "

In the face of general artificial intelligence or even super artificial intelligence, human psychology is complex. On the one hand, it is hoped that there will be more intelligent systems to help mankind complete more work and liberate productive forces; On the other hand, I am afraid to open Pandora’s box and release a monster more terrible than nuclear weapons.

I hope that even if we create a "god", it will be a god full of love, not a god who regards human beings as ants!

Text: A misty rain/data ape

The construction site became a ＂nightmare＂ for unmanned vehicles, and Google Waymo stumbled so much that he was interviewed.

Robotaxi, fire and theft prevention "construction site". Waymo fell.

The North American regulatory authorities have just opened an investigation into Waymo unmanned vehicles, because they received a series of related accident reports.

Some hit parked cars on the side of the road, some hit static obstacles, blocked traffic … and an unusual high-frequency scene:construction site.

In about three months, Waymo accumulated and reported 22 accidents, which attracted the attention of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

According to NHTSA documents, these accidents include collisions between Waymo unmanned vehicles and static and semi-static objects (such as doors), collisions with parked vehicles and violations of traffic safety control devices.

Among them, the official special explanation of "violation of traffic safety control devices" is a key investigation direction, and a typical scene isAbility of automatic driving system to detect and identify traffic cones/ice cream cones.

This point is rare. Because many of the 22 accidents reported this time involve the same scene- construction site.

For example, last month,Waymo Robotaxi with 6 vehicles in formation.After work, I went back to the parking lot. As a result, I encountered temporary traffic control at the construction site and was directly stuck in the temporary traffic area surrounded by ice cream cones, causing traffic congestion for about half an hour.

Netizens with local life experience immediately recognized that this is the ramp at No.101 Potrero Avenue in San Francisco, where the Waymo unmanned vehicle was stuck, which happened to be the high-speed entrance.

Finally, it was the driver’s brother on the road who directly got off the driver to move the ice cream cone, and the team behind him bypassed several "paralyzed" unmanned vehicles in turn.

Waymo made a simple statement to the effect that people were sent to the scene to move the car within 30 minutes, without causing any casualties or property losses, and will cooperate with the investigation later.

But in the construction site of Phoenix, it is not so lucky.

The same Waymo unmanned vehicle ignored the construction area surrounded by the ice cream cone and rushed directly into the construction site.

Fortunately, the speed was not fast enough to hit people, but the vehicle itself and the construction site suffered losses to varying degrees.

There are many accidents like this. Every time an unmanned vehicle "rushes into the construction site", it will go viral on the Internet.

The netizen summed it up vividly:The traffic cone is Robotaxi’s kryptonite.Now, the miraculous automatic driving will be finished if it meets the traffic cone on the closed road.

Huh? It doesn’t seem to be the same as the video officially shown by Waymo.

Waymo The fifth generation autopilot system bypasses the construction area.It has been specifically analyzed as a technical highlight.

In the official Demo, the scene faced by unmanned vehicles is more complicated, except for traffic cones, irregular areas and workers walking back and forth.

Of course, the Waymo unmanned vehicle completed a series of evasive and detour actions effortlessly and successfully passed the construction area:

What is amazing here is that the Waymo unmanned vehicle seems to be able to understand the body language of human traffic command, let it stop and let it go, not just based on road conditions.

How did you do that? Maya Kabkab, the engineer in charge of the prediction algorithm of Waymo, briefly explained to the effect that in the fifth generation technology, Waymo strengthened the ability to understand different objects and targets and the ability to identify passable areas, which enabled the system to plan the passable route better.

The core is to replace CNN with a new model, VectorNet, to extract sensor and high-precision map information.

To put it simply, high-precision maps and sensor input information are represented as points, polygons or curves, while VectorNet represents all road features and trajectories of other objects as corresponding vectors. Based on this simplified view, VectorNet can extract the information of each vector and learn the relationship between different vectors.

The advantage is that VectorNet takes up less computing resources than CNN, produces results faster, and theoretically can extract key scene information more clearly.

But VectorNet still has no core to solve the "construction site" problem-

The "construction site" itself is an exception to high-precision maps.It is impossible to update synchronously, and it can only be sensed by sensors in real time.

However, the data of sensors are transmitted among different sub-models in turn, so it is difficult to completely avoid information loss.

Robotaxi is frequently stuck in the construction site, and the direct reason is the false detection of traffic cones and alien objects.

The underlying reason is thatThe upper limit and ceiling of the existing capacity of the traditional autonomous driving technology paradigmIt is difficult to cover all corner case on the road.

Therefore, whether the construction site can be avoided smoothly has become a probabilistic event: the official Demo has been carefully tested and repeated, which is no problem; If you only measure it on the road, you can only eat according to the weather.

"Never decide quantum mechanics when something happens" is a ridicule.

However, in the field of autonomous driving, if something is undecided, it is indeed possible to "end-to-end".

The so-called "end-to-end" is aimed at the traditional technology paradigm, in which the perception, decision-making, regulation and control of autonomous driving are independent of each other. The data collected by the sensor needs to pass through this series of different algorithm modules before it can finally become an operation instruction.

The information between each independent module is transmitted step by step. In this process, there will inevitably be information loss and errors, and the errors of the previous module will affect the next one, and the information errors between multiple modules will continue to accumulate, thus affecting the overall effect of the automatic driving scheme.

Whether it is pure visual perception or fusion perception, the root of "false detection and missed detection" is here.

Of course, there is also a corresponding solution, that is, through the rules of human handwriting, try to patch it to improve the reliability of perceptual recognition. For example, you can recognize cars and people, but you can’t recognize "people standing in front of cars". That’s easy. Why don’t you just build a separate data set for such targets and use it to train the model?

This is the so-called perceptual "white list" mechanism.

But the problem is that it is difficult to enumerate all kinds of traffic targets and scenes. This time, the problem of "people in front of the car" has been solved, but what if the car changes from a passenger car to a big truck? Or does a person become an adult and take care of children?

The same is true for Robotaxi’s construction site problem. The construction site may appear temporarily and refresh randomly, and it will not limit the area and time, and the construction and construction roadblocks of each construction site are different …

Therefore, a new algorithm paradigm-end-to-end algorithm model is needed to realize the lossless transmission of information from the beginning of perception and make the system truly understand the environment.

The two terminals refer to the data input terminal and the instruction output terminal respectively, and the middle is no longer divided into several independent modules.

The end-to-end model can transfer and generalize its learned abilities and skills to other scenes through a completely data-driven mode, independently and efficiently solve all kinds of new long tail problems in the berthing scene, have faster iterative efficiency and effectively reduce the cost of opening a city.

In layman’s terms, it is to let AI Division learn the mature driving behavior of human beings, see a scene and make corresponding countermeasures. In fact, "end-to-end" has touched the threshold of AGI.

In 2016, the end-to-end model was first proposed by NVIDIA. But the real mass production practice began in these two years. At present, only Tesla’s FSD and China’s AI players’ CVPR 2023 best papers-UniAD.

The Smart Car Reference also asked the opinions of the two domestic self-driving head players about the construction site problems encountered by Waymo.

Horizon from the perspective of engineering practice, think:

AutopilotSite problems and end-to-end technology paradigms are not bound.. Theoretically speaking, the problem can also be solved if the perception ability is strong enough and the perception white list is rich enough.

But obviously, end-to-end autonomous learning ability and humanoid thinking will solve this problem on a larger scale and more efficiently.

And Shang Tang’s view is more from the "first principle", and the relevant technical experts of Jueying Zhijia think:

Do not evaluate specific case. However, the perception of the traditional rule-based intelligent driving scheme still artificially defines the elements and abstracts the perceived information, which will lead to the loss and omission of the information transmission process and make it difficult for the perceptual decision-making module to make correct decisions. End-to-end is a neural network, which can input and transmit the information of the external environment without loss, understand the external traffic environment more accurately and completely, and make plans and decisions.

The rule scheme can solve a scenario by adding rules and patches. But there is not only one such scene, it is infinite. With enough data for learning and training, the end-to-end solution can think and drive like a human and solve more similar corner case by itself.

To sum up, Horizon and Shang Tang have different expressions, but the core is the same, and they all agree.End-to-end is the most effective way to solve Robotaxi site problems.. At the same time, it is the most efficient way to solve all kinds of long tail problems of autonomous driving.

By the way, I put forward UniAD’s CVPR 2023 best paper, which was written by scholars from Horizon and Shang Tang.

End-to-end innovation of traditional technology paradigm has given all players new opportunities: better intelligent driving experience, lower maintenance and generalization costs, and more competitive cost of autonomous driving scheme.

However, the price is the modular and rule-driven technical system in the past, which must be overthrown and reconstructed.

Waymo, the absolute leader of autonomous driving in the past, is now caught in the dilemma of "construction site", which further proves that the track of autonomous driving is "water is impermanent and soldiers are unpredictable":

Old stars may have their advantages reset to zero, and "latecomers" will also gain the lead.