月度归档： 2025 年 4 月

　　When treating patients, medical staff should not only speak softly, but also build up the confidence to fight the disease for patients with their own professional knowledge. Nanfang Daily reporter Dai Jiaxin photo

　　"Many of the tiny blood vessels, nerves and other pipes we stitched under the microscope are less than 1 mm in diameter. The needle used is much thinner than the hair. " Gao Junqing, director of the Department of Repair and Reconstruction of Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, said.

　　Under the shadowless lamp, there are a group of doctors who complete the operation under the microscope. They have both the ingenuity of embroidered girls and the physical strength and perseverance of marathon runners; What they have practiced is superb technology and skillful hands. During the coming of the second Physician’s Day, the reporter took you near them to learn about the unknown side of surgery under the microscope.

　　Doctors who "fly needles and thread" on blood vessels and nerves

　　Neurosurgery is synonymous with "precision, precision and cutting-edge" in the surgical system. With the help of modern science and technology, neurosurgeons have been able to work in the most mysterious and precise organ of the human body — — Realize precise operation in the brain and complete all kinds of incredible operations.

　　Cui Lianxu, director of neurosurgery at the First People’s Hospital of Foshan, said that one of the difficulties in neurosurgery is to treat the focus as accurately as possible while minimizing the damage to the surrounding brain tissue. "The size of the lesions in the brain varies, from less than one centimeter to the size of an orange. There are no important blood vessels and nerves around." Cui Lianxu said, therefore, neurosurgical operations can be said to be completed between square inches, and the "important weapon" to accompany neurosurgeons in fighting is the neuromicroscope.

　　"Under the microscope, it belongs to a neurosurgeon ‘ Battlefield ’ There is no difference in surgery between millimeters. " Cui Lianxu said, "When neurosurgeons are training in microscopy, one of the examinations is to gently grind off the shell of raw eggs with a grinding drill, and at the same time, they must not hurt the membrane under the eggshell. Behind the technique like carving art is a sense of responsibility as heavy as Mount Tai. "

　　In the medical field, hand surgeons can be called "masters of micro-carving" under the microscope. Under the shadowless lamp, they hold a needle and thread invisible to the naked eye, hold their breath, and concentrate on "flying needles" on blood vessels and nerves as thin as hair, with a pair of skillful hands to pick up countless broken fingers and toes. Gao Junqing has been practicing this skill since the first day he entered orthopedics more than 20 years ago. For more than 20 years, he has reborn the severed blood vessels or tissues of many patients.

　　"Many of the tiny blood vessels, nerves and other pipes we stitched under the microscope are less than 1 mm in diameter." Gao Junqing said, "Compared with arteries, venous blood vessels are thinner and more difficult to connect." Doctors have to sew up such tiny blood vessels one by one. On the blood vessels of a few centimeters, it is generally necessary to sew 6 stitches, while for large blood vessels, it is necessary to sew more than a dozen stitches. This not only tests doctors’ eyesight, but also tests their endurance. In the long and arduous work, Gao Junqing not only trained the ingenuity of the embroidered girl, but also the physical strength and perseverance of the marathon runner, because many complicated operations took more than 10 hours at a time.

　　"If the vascular suture technology is not enough, the blood vessels will still be blocked after the operation, which will directly lead to tissue necrosis." Gao Junqing said that although all the doctors in the department have graduated from graduate school or above and have received standardized training during their medical studies, they still need to undergo rigorous training in the clinical department for about one year. "Doctors should train hard on mouse tails and rabbit ears. Even so, they only have the ability to replant basic severed fingers. It will take several years to improve their clinical skills."

　　Yan Shigang, director of the Eye Center of Foshan Second People’s Hospital, said that for ophthalmologists, surgery under the microscope is the coordination of hands, feet, brain and eyes.

　　Microsurgery can treat a variety of intractable diseases.

　　Cui Lianxu said that the seemingly thick blood vessels under the microscope may be only as thick as hair in reality. If the doctor can’t complete the operation accurately and controllably, it will have unimaginable consequences for the patient. Microscope is a sharp weapon in neurosurgery, and only people with sufficient strength can use it freely.

　　Under the microscope, neurosurgeons can perform a variety of operations for patients to treat nervous system tumors, cerebral hemorrhage, brain trauma, intracranial vascular malformations and other intractable diseases.

　　Cui Lianxu said that he also performed a difficult operation this year. Patient Ms. Liu (pseudonym) is a native of Foshan. In life, she gradually developed facial numbness, accompanied by symptoms of unstable walking. The examination in the outpatient clinic showed that Ms. Liu had a 3×4×5cm tumor on the left cerebellum. This orange-sized tumor oppressed Ms. Liu’s facial nerve and cerebellum at the same time, causing inconvenience in daily life.

　　What Ms. Liu doesn’t know is that the tumor in the cerebellopontine angle has always been a complicated type in neurosurgery. Because tumors often wrap important nerves and blood vessels, a little carelessness will lead to hearing loss, serious imbalance and other complications, and even death. At the same time, the cerebellopontine angle area provides the surgeon with an operable gap, which is only about the size of a dime. Cui Lianxu personally performed microsurgery for Ms. Liu. After the operation, Ms. Liu’s facial feeling improved obviously, and she was discharged from the hospital in just one week, and her walking balance basically recovered when she was discharged. Ms. Liu’s postoperative wound was only 5 cm, which was well hidden in the hairline and could not be found after her hair grew out.

　　"A neurosurgeon usually needs more than 10 years of experience before he dares to say that he has certain confidence in the structure and function of the brain, the design of surgery and the grasp of surgery." Cui Lianxu said.

　　Surgery related to saving lives and improving the quality of life can be encountered by Gao Junqing almost every week. Last year, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine also joined the "China Trauma Treatment Alliance Trauma Treatment Center". After joining the national platform for trauma treatment, severe trauma treatment centers in Foshan and surrounding areas will be sent to the hospital.

　　"Many patients sent to us are not simply skin injuries and fractures. They are often serious injuries to their limbs. There are serious injuries to the skin, muscles, nerves, blood vessels, tendons and deepest bones, all of which need to be repaired. " Gao Junqing said.

　　Surgery for more than ten hours in a row is a common occurrence.

　　Under a high-power microscope, facing the bloody stump and finger of the injured, holding a needle and thread that is almost invisible to the naked eye, he is absorbed in sewing tiny blood vessels and nerves. This is Gao Junqing’s daily work.

　　Although the little finger is small in area, it has fine structure and complex functions. Once it is injured, it is difficult to treat it, and it is even more difficult to recover and rebuild its function. It requires doctors to make great efforts in surgery and postoperative rehabilitation.

　　Gao Junqing said that referring to "living" is both fine and abundant. To live a finger, you may need to sew countless blood vessels and nerves. Except for some cases where stump repair is necessary, most operations take seven or eight hours, or even more than ten hours.

　　Liang Lihan, a repair and reconstruction surgeon at Foshan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, said, August 5 — On the 7th, doctors in the department operated all night for three consecutive nights.

　　He told reporters that August 6 was an ordinary day, and he participated in six operations, four of which were major operations. "I received a notice of surgery before I went to work on the morning of August 6." He said. It turned out that at 10 o’clock the night before, a patient whose lower limbs were injured by agricultural machinery was sent to the operating room for rescue. After the previous group of doctors operated on the patient all night, Liang Lihan immediately participated in another part of the operation, and the operation lasted until 10 am before the patient’s blood vessels were reopened. At 12 noon, the operation was over and the patient was sent to ICU (intensive care unit).

　　It was not an easy day for Liang Lihan. Later, there were patients who were crushed by wheels, resulting in severe trauma to the left limb and lung fracture, as well as patients with limb damage and separation of muscles and bones. He went on the operating table at 7: 35 am on August 6 and didn’t get off the operating table until 9: 00 on August 7. "In the meantime, I only took a break for more than 10 minutes during the surgical handover." Liang Lihan said.

　　Gao Junqing said that every minute counts in the operating room. "We must focus on saving lives. Many patients have traumatic hemorrhagic shock, multiple limb injuries, excessive blood loss, and problems with organ function." He said that after saving lives, it is the treatment for physical trauma.

　　"There is a time limit for blood vessel connection, which must be between 6 and 6— Connect in eight hours. If it is not connected in time, the limb will be necrotic. " He said that the reason why the operation takes a long time is that there is still a lot of work to be done besides stitching the blood vessels a little bit. For example, debridement may cost 1-mdash; Two hours. "Many times the wound is open, and we must clean up the pollutants a little bit, otherwise it will be infected after surgery."

　　After many years of clinical career, Gao Junqing has not only developed a pair of dexterous hands, enough physical strength and patience, but also developed a pair of "iron stomach and copper intestines". As long as he is on the operating table, he can stop drinking water, eating and going to the toilet for hours, and concentrate on his work.

　　Although most of the patients admitted by the department are socially vulnerable groups with work-related injuries and car accidents, in Gao Junqing’s view, there is no distinction between the status of patients and the interests of patients are more important than everything else. "Many patients are seriously injured and complicated when they arrive, but as long as there is a 1% possibility, we will do our best to save the limbs, even every finger and toe, and repair and rebuild the function of their limbs."

　　"move a knife" on the eye

　　Ophthalmic surgery is indispensable in surgery. Yan Shigang, who has more than 30 years of clinical experience in ophthalmology, often works overtime, and there are always more than 40 surgeries a week.

　　A large number of operations does not mean poor quality. In clinical work, Yan Shigang insisted on ensuring the quality of medical care, carefully examining the patient’s condition before operation, carefully designing the operation, strictly controlling disinfection and isolation during the operation, and striving for perfection. In the past ten years, he has had the least infection and surgical complications.

　　August 7th was Chinese Valentine’s Day, but it was not easy for Yan Shigang. At 7: 00 in the morning, Yan Shigang, who suffered from renal colic at night and stayed up all night, came to the B-ultrasound room for examination. Soon the result came out, and the result was kidney calculi. Immediately, the doctor advised him to rest and treat, but Yan Shigang said, "There are still many patients waiting for me to check in the ward. I can’t delay the treatment of patients because of me." Later, he came to the examination room of the ward.

　　That day, he endured his illness and continued his work. Unable to stand the severe pain, with the help of the head nurse and other doctors, he injected an analgesic needle into the muscle. After the pain was relieved, he went on to the operating room for surgery.

　　Yan Shigang’s operations are mainly cataract phacoemulsification and intraocular lens surgery, surgery for fundus diseases such as vitreous body, retina and optic nerve, medicine and laser treatment, treatment of complex eye trauma, diagnosis and treatment of various glaucoma diseases, ophthalmic plastic surgery and treatment of orbital diseases. He said that the "moving knife" incision on the eye is only between millimeters, so it requires Excellence.

　　■ portraits of doctors

　　The man who guards life under the shadowless lamp

　　Many people praise a good doctor for "rejuvenation with wonderful hands" and "getting rid of diseases with hands". Behind the seemingly cold hand surgery, it is the hard work of countless doctors. They have high work intensity, high work pressure, high surgical risk and physical and mental fatigue, but every time the operation is successful, they have great joy in their hearts. Now, let’s approach this group of doctors who guard their lives under the shadowless lamp, listen to their stories and listen to their voices.

　　Liu Hongzhen, Director of the Day Surgery Center and Director of the Endoscopy Center of Foshan First People’s Hospital: the "patron saint" of life in the operating room.

　　Liu Hongzhen has been a doctor for 34 years and keeps improving his medical skills. In 2010, he successfully completed the anesthesia of the first liver transplantation operation, and so far he has completed more than 200 cases of anesthesia of liver transplantation operation, which has revived patients. He also undertook the anesthesia of the first coronary artery bypass surgery in Foshan First People’s Hospital.

　　"As an anesthesiologist, in addition to knowing anesthesia knowledge, you should also know about surgery and internal medicine. An anesthesiologist is equivalent to a physician in the operating room. " Liu Hongzhen said that the patient’s vital signs, respiratory system, circulatory system and internal environment are all maintained by anesthesiologists. At the same time, the anesthesiologist also needs to deal with various complications during the operation. Surgeons cure diseases and anesthesiologists save lives, so anesthesiologists are also the "patron saint" of life in the operating room. In addition, anesthesiologists also undertake comfortable medical care (painless gastrointestinal examination, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, etc.), painless delivery, postoperative analgesia, pain treatment and other tasks, and anesthesiologists have traveled all over the hospital.

　　Xu Zhaoyan, Chief Physician and Assistant Director of Cardiovascular Department of Foshan First People’s Hospital: Never give up on patients with myocardial infarction.

　　"Cardiovascular medicine is a place to test the energy and endurance of doctors. Many patients encountered here are in dangerous conditions, but if they are treated in time, they will get better very quickly and the prognosis is still very good." Xu Zhaoyan said.

　　"Patients with acute myocardial infarction need timely rescue and interventional surgery, otherwise they may face death at any time. Such patients are also a great test for doctors. " Xu Zhaoyan said.

　　He once treated a patient with acute myocardial infarction in his forties. "At that time, he had repeated ventricular fibrillation, but we still didn’t give up the treatment. We gave him cardiopulmonary resuscitation and gave him interventional surgery." Xu Zhaoyan said, "In the end, such patients turned the corner. Now that 10 years have passed, he is still very healthy. "

　　Zhu Min, Director of Ophthalmology, Foshan First People’s Hospital: Respecting every patient’s "Light Messenger"

　　"When I was a child, I watched the movie" Man to Middle Age ".The scene in which the protagonist helped others to see the light again was deeply engraved in my mind. Since then, I have been determined to become an ophthalmologist." Zhu Min said that after becoming an ophthalmologist, when the patient uncovered the gauze, the doctor’s most fulfilling and proud moment was when he saw the bright smile on his face.

　　Zhu Min, who has been engaged in ophthalmology clinical work for more than 30 years, has won the praise of patients and colleagues with his rich clinical experience, skillful surgical skills and delicate way of getting along with others, and is called "the messenger of light".

　　In the face of difficult and complicated cases, she will examine the patients in detail and make treatment and surgical plans. Ophthalmology often receives patients with myopia, cataracts and blindness caused by other diseases. Because they are worried about blindness or have been plagued by blindness for many years, many patients will be anxious when they come to see a doctor, and some will be grumpy. "To treat these patients, our ophthalmologists should speak softly and build up confidence in the fight against the disease with their own professional knowledge." Zhu Min said, "The pain of the patient’s blindness can’t be described in words. Therefore, we should be patient with the patient and relieve his anxiety. At the same time, we should tell the patient his illness realistically. Let him not despair and not lose heart. "

　　At the peak of summer vacation, ophthalmology has to face more than 300 patients every day, and the work is very heavy. Zhu Min often reminds the medical staff in the department to be serious and responsible. "If any one of the patients is neglected, it is 100% negligence for the patient. Therefore, we must respect every patient and treat every patient sincerely. " Zhu Min said.

　　In recent years, the situation of prevention and control of juvenile myopia is grim, and Zhu Min led the medical staff in the department to carry out prevention and control of juvenile myopia, and achieved remarkable results.

　　Wang Junhua, Chief Physician of Biliary Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Foshan: A skilled aid doctor in Xinjiang.

　　"As a doctor, is to save lives. The medical level there is relatively backward and needs us more. " Wang Junhua said. In August 2018, Wang Junhua took the initiative to sign up for Xinjiang and set foot on Jiashi County, Xinjiang, thousands of miles away to carry out a one-and-a-half-year aid work.

　　Shortly after arriving in Xinjiang, I received a 28-year-old patient, Gulinur Abulimiti. Her severe abdominal pain has lasted for half a year, and her weight has dropped from 50 kg to 30 kg, as thin as a paper man. In order to cure the disease, Gulinur Abulimiti had to quit his favorite job, and seven hospitalizations cost tens of thousands of yuan before and after, and the family was in trouble. Considering that the patient may have intestinal adhesion and chronic incomplete intestinal obstruction, surgery must be performed immediately. However, there are different opinions in the consultation. Some voices believe that the risk of surgery is too great, and Wang Junhua should not take this risk. However, Wang Junhua faced the difficulties and finally, the operation was successfully completed.

　　When Wang Junhua first arrived at the General Surgery Department of Jiashi County People’s Hospital, the professional strength of the department was very weak. He began with the refinement of departments, dividing the original general surgery into hepatobiliary surgery and gastrointestinal surgery, in which patients with gastrointestinal tumors specialize in gastrointestinal surgery. He founded hepatobiliary surgery, gastrointestinal surgery and ultrasonic interventional diagnosis and treatment technology in Jiashi County People’s Hospital, which filled 13 technical gaps in Jiashi County People’s Hospital. At the same time, through mentoring and other means, a medical team that can’t be taken away gradually grew up in Jiashi County People’s Hospital.

　　Dong Julang, Director of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Foshan Second People’s Hospital: It’s like clockwork at work.

　　Dong Julang said that she likes obstetrics and gynecology. "The joy of the mother after the smooth delivery, the crying of the baby, the challenges of various gynecological operations and the joy of successful surgery, as well as the same feeling from patients to friends and from friends to relatives." Dong Julang said.

　　Dong Julang and his wife are both doctors, and their clinical work is very busy, so their daughter, who was only three months old at that time, can only be sent to a nursery. When both of them work shifts, her daughter will live in the neighbor’s house upstairs as a teacher … … The daughter is less than two years old, and Dong Julang’s husband has gone to other places for a master’s degree. She has to work shifts, have surgery and further study. In those three years, she often took her daughter on duty together. When there is an operation in the middle of the night, she can only knock on the door of the neighbor’s house to take care of her daughter.

　　As their daughter grows up slowly, they put all their energy into their work, all day long, including patients, medical records, surgery, meetings and study. The department is growing day by day, and more and more operations are done. Because the husband is doing MR (nuclear magnetic resonance), it is his job to evaluate all patients with gynecological tumors before operation, to implant obstetric placenta and to check venous thrombosis. With the increasing diagnostic accuracy, benign/malignant tumors, borderline tumors, lymph node metastasis/how many metastases, scar pregnancy implantation, and the choice of surgical opportunity for pelvic abscess & HELIP; … Her husband’s work and hers complement each other.

　　"As a doctor, I feel particularly happy every time I succeed in surgery. After being happy, I often reflect on the surgical process and what is not done well enough. " Dong Julang said, "Before each operation, we will make full preparations to predict possible complications and injuries."

　　Dong Julang said that as a doctor, his daily work is full, including outpatient service and surgery. When he goes to work, the whole person is like clockwork. (Nanfang Daily reporter Xia Xiaoyu)

　　Guangzhou Daily News (all-media reporter Yekas) "The sky is leaking!" Since the early hours of yesterday morning, heavy rain has been spilled in Yangcheng one after another. At 10: 15 am yesterday, a rainstorm red warning signal was released in Conghua District of Guangzhou, which was the first rainstorm red warning signal released in Guangzhou this year. The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Meteorological Observatory that this is also the earliest rainstorm red warning signal in Guangzhou since the implementation of the Regulations on Issuing Early Warning Signals of Sudden Meteorological Disasters in Guangdong Province in 2006.

　　Influenced by strong thunderstorm clouds, from the night of 18th, heavy rain, heavy rain and short-term gale occurred in central and northern Guangzhou, and the influence of wind and rain gradually expanded. Yesterday, there were strong thunderstorms in most parts of Guangzhou from 3: 00 to 6: 00 and from 8: 00 to 15: 00, with accumulated rainfall ranging from heavy rain to heavy rain, accompanied by strong lightning and gusts of 8-10.

　　During this process, all districts in the city issued warning signals of rainstorm and thunderstorm and gale, among which the rainstorm warning signals in Huadu, Zengcheng and Conghua districts were upgraded to red at the highest level, while those in Baiyun, Huangpu, Liwan, Tianhe, Yuexiu and Panyu districts were upgraded to orange at the highest level. Except Panyu and Nansha District, all other districts issued orange warning signals of thunderstorm and gale at the highest level. Except Panyu, Nansha and Haizhu District, all other districts have issued hail orange warning signals.

　　Emergency headquarters, the city’s meteorological disaster, launched the emergency response of Guangzhou meteorological disaster (rainstorm) level II and meteorological disaster (thunderstorm and gale) level III. As of around 15: 00 yesterday, the rainstorm in Conghua and Zengcheng districts in Guangzhou was red, the rainstorm in Baiyun, Huangpu and Panyu districts was orange, the thunderstorm and gale in Huangpu, Yuexiu, Tianhe, Liwan, Haizhu and Nansha districts in yellow rainstorm warning signal and Zengcheng district were orange, the thunderstorm and gale warning signals in Conghua, Huadu, Huangpu, Yuexiu, Tianhe, Liwan, Haizhu and Panyu districts were yellow, and the hail warning signals in Conghua and Zengcheng districts were orange.

　　The reporter learned from the Guangzhou Meteorological Bureau that the "Regulations on Meteorological Disaster Prevention in Guangzhou" was officially implemented on April 1 this year, which stipulates that classes will be suspended in the morning when the rainstorm red warning signal in the region takes effect from 6: 00 to 8: 00; When the rainstorm red warning signal in the region takes effect from 11: 00 to 13: 00, classes will be suspended in the afternoon. If classes are suspended in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, students will stop attending school; Students who are already on their way to and from school should take refuge in a safe place nearby. Schools should open school buildings to ensure the safety of students at school and on school buses.

　　Guangzhou Daily News (all-media reporter Li Yan correspondent Airport Xuan, Nan Xuan) Affected by the strong thunderstorm weather, Baiyun Airport launched the yellow warning of the first large-scale flight delay this year at 13:14 on April 19. At 16:10, the warning level was reduced to blue. By 17: 00, there were 70 departure flights delayed by more than one hour, 106 departure flights were cancelled, 92 arrival flights were cancelled, and 23 foreign flights were reserved. Baiyun Airport made every effort to ensure the follow-up, and the order in the terminal was stable.

　　On April 19th, Baiyun Airport planned 694 outbound flights and 682 inbound flights, totaling 1,376 flights. Affected by the strong thunderstorm, the blue warning of large-scale flight delay was started at 10:36, and 58 flights were delayed for more than one hour. At 13:14, 83 flights were delayed for more than one hour, and the emergency response level of large-scale flight delay was upgraded to yellow. Flights to East China, Beijing and Chongqing are obviously controlled by traffic.

　　In view of the large-scale flight delay, Baiyun Airport launched a flight coordination mechanism to coordinate airlines to reduce flights and adjust capacity in time. By 17: 00, Baiyun Airport had arranged 17 meals and 15 hotel accommodations.

　　According to the emergency stop requirements of Guangzhou Traffic Management Station, Baiyun Airport Airport Express Line suspended the operation of urban and long-distance passenger lines at 12 noon on April 19. All drivers and passengers strictly observe their posts and stand by on the spot. When the rain weakened and the road traffic conditions improved, the operation was fully resumed at 13: 40.

　　Airport Express is also doing a good job in Baiyun Airport — Service guarantee of Pazhou Canton Fair special line. Yesterday was the last day of the first phase of the 125th Canton Fair, and there was a peak of returning merchants in Pazhou. Airport Express and Airport Express will earnestly ensure the return passenger flow, and the shuttle bus will start rolling and leave when the passengers are full.

　　At 16:10, with the improvement of weather conditions, the number of departure flights delayed by more than one hour at Baiyun Airport dropped to 78, and the emergency response level of large-scale flight delays dropped to blue.

　　According to the latest meteorological information, the next weather will still be dominated by showers. Baiyun Airport reminds passengers to pay attention to the weather changes when going out. You can check the flight dynamics through the airlines you take or Baiyun Airport service hotline 020-96158, Airport Link, WeChat, Weibo and APP.

　　The sources of rapid income growth are increasingly diversified, and the gap between urban and rural areas is narrowing.

　　There are still challenges in optimizing the income pattern of residents and "increasing income continuously"

　　It is more difficult for some groups to increase their income. Experts suggest promoting employment and entrepreneurship to increase their income and improving the income control system.

　　Ning Renjie, who works in a private company in the communications industry in Jinan, told reporters that five years ago, his salary deducted social security, individual tax and other expenses, and he got about 3,200 yuan a month, and now it has risen to more than 5,000 yuan. "The company will adjust its salary every one or two years, plus various welfare allowances, and its income will increase significantly compared with five years ago."

　　According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita disposable income of the national residents in 2016 was 23,821 yuan, with an average annual real increase of 7.4% since 2012. In the next four years, as long as the average annual real growth rate of national residents’ income is above 5.3%, the goal of doubling residents’ income by 2020 compared with 2010 can be achieved.

　　Recently, the Economic Information Daily reporter visited many places and learned that in recent years, the income of urban residents has maintained rapid growth, the income gap has been narrowing, and the sources have become increasingly diverse. However, the current sustained income increase of urban and rural residents is also facing new challenges, and it is more difficult for some groups to increase their income. Experts said that sustained economic growth is the basis for the continuous improvement of residents’ income. From the perspective of economic development, the driving force for residents’ income growth will not shrink. In the future, it is necessary to promote employment and entrepreneurship to increase income, deepen the reform of wage system in government agencies, enterprises and institutions, and establish and improve the income control system.

　　　"Being in the countryside is better than going out to work"

　　According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita disposable income of rural residents was 12,363 yuan in 2016, with an average annual real growth rate of 8.0% since 2012. The average annual real growth rate of per capita disposable income of rural residents was 1.5 percentage points faster than that of urban residents. In 2016, the ratio of per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents was 2.72, down by 0.16 compared with 2012.

　　Li Wenjie, a native of Linyi, Shandong Province, who often works in plumbing projects in Beijing and Hebei, said that in recent years, wages have risen steadily. "The salary was 200 yuan/day five years ago, and now 250 yuan/day, the wages of coolies have also risen from 80 yuan to 150 yuan every day."

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in recent years, governments at all levels have continuously expanded the space for mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and the business environment of individual industrial and commercial households and small and micro enterprises has been further improved. The employment situation has progressed steadily, and the number of migrant workers and the wage level have continued to grow, which has boosted the wage income of urban and rural residents to grow rapidly.

　　While wage income continues to increase, the income gap between urban and rural residents continues to narrow.

　　Ling Jihe, the chairman of Jiangxi Green Energy Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., has transferred more than 20,000 mu of land, and implemented workshop management. Sixteen brigades manage farmland in pieces, and each brigade is in charge of eight couples. In 2016, the average annual income of each couple was 147,000 yuan, and the year-end bonus was also given at the end of the year. The highest one could get 200,000 yuan or 300,000 yuan. Previously, they could only earn 50,000 to 60,000 yuan a year when they went out to work.

　　Dong Yunjian, chairman of Baoyi Kiwifruit Planting Professional Cooperative in Yuanquan Town, Boshan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province, said that since 2010, he began to transfer land to grow kiwifruit, and in recent years, he introduced new varieties, benefiting from the development of modern agriculture, expanding the planting scale and greatly increasing the income. "It is no problem for one person to manage three acres of kiwifruit, and the net income per acre can reach 20,000 yuan, which is better than going out to work."

　　According to statistics from Shandong Provincial Bureau of Statistics, in 2016, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in Shandong actually increased by 52.4% compared with 2011, with an average annual growth rate of 8.8%.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the bumper harvest of grain laid the foundation for the growth of rural residents’ agricultural income, and the prices of agricultural products such as rice, vegetables and fruits rose in stages in different periods, which made agriculture "not bright in the east and bright in the west" under the unfavorable price situation of agricultural products such as corn to avoid the decline of income. At the same time, since the second half of 2014, the pig price situation has been favorable, which has driven the net income of rural residents in animal husbandry out of the dilemma of reducing income.

　　In addition to the income gap between urban and rural areas, the income gap between different regions and groups is also narrowing. In 2016, the per capita income ratio of residents in the eastern and western regions was 1.67, that of residents in the central and western regions was 1.09, and that of residents in the northeast and western regions was 1.21. The relative income gap between east and west, central and west, and northeast and west decreased by 0.06, 0.02 and 0.08 respectively compared with 2012.

　　From 2013 to 2015, the income multiples of the top 20% households and the bottom 20% households in Zhejiang Province decreased from 6.51 times to 6.04 times, showing a gradual narrowing trend. Especially for low-income people, the income growth rate has increased from 18.1% to 20.9% in these three years.

　　In 2016, the average annual salary of employees in non-private units in cities and towns in Jiangxi Province ranked lower for a long time. Compared with 2012, the average annual salary of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased by 14.6%, the average annual growth of accommodation and catering industry was 11.8%, and the average annual growth of water conservancy, environment and public facilities management industry was 10.9%. The average annual growth rate of these three low-wage industries is higher than the provincial average.

　　Increase in net income of property

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the per capita net transfer income of residents in 2016 was 4,259 yuan, an increase of 56.2% over 2012, and the proportion of per capita disposable income increased to 17.9%. The per capita net income of property was 1,889 yuan, an increase of 53.5% compared with 2012, and the proportion of per capita disposable income increased to 7.9%.

　　The 72-year-old Kang Caie is a native of Laoling Village, Moganshan Town, Deqing County, Zhejiang Province. She used to make a living by farming and doing odd jobs in the mountains, with an annual income of less than 20,000 yuan. In 2010, she rented the house to a private host, and charged 19,000 yuan a year. This year, it rose to 50,000 yuan. It was charged for 24 years at a time, and the rent was 1.2 million yuan, which was invested in her son’s Shiyi tea farm (more than 300 acres of tea garden).

　　"The B&B economy has brought tangible income to our mountain people." Kang Caie said with a smile that she worked in a homestay modified by her home, cooking, cleaning, doing easy work, getting to know tourists from all over the world, and increasing her annual income by more than 30 thousand yuan, and her life was very comfortable.

　　The income structure of urban residents in Zhejiang is characterized by diversification. In 2000, the per capita wage income of urban residents accounted for 69.5% of the total household income. In 2016, the proportion of wage income decreased by 13.1 percentage points, and the proportion of operating and property income increased by 9.9 and 11.8 percentage points respectively.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Local Taxation Bureau of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, in 2016, the individual tax on wages and salaries accounted for 59.8% of the individual tax, which was 6.7 percentage points lower than the 66.5% in 2011. The dependence of residents’ income on wages and salaries declined, and the proportion of capital income and property income increased.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in recent years, the state has vigorously promoted precise poverty alleviation, the policy of benefiting the people has been continuously strengthened, and various social security standards such as pensions have been continuously improved, which has led to a rapid growth in the net transfer income of urban and rural residents. The increase in rental housing income and dividend income has led to a rapid growth in the net income of urban residents’ property. At the same time, the net income of rural residents’ property has increased rapidly under the guidance of the state’s policies of actively developing various forms of agricultural moderate scale operation and encouraging farmers to voluntarily transfer contracted land management rights according to law.

　　Some groups face the problem of increasing income.

　　Although the income of urban residents shows some bright spots, such as the rapid growth of income, the shrinking income gap and the increasingly diversified sources, the current continuous increase of income of urban and rural residents is also facing new challenges, and it is more difficult for some groups to increase their income.

　　According to a survey conducted by the reporter of Economic Information Daily, some industries are under great pressure to reduce production capacity, which affects the wage growth of employees. Li Xiaodong, the foreman of the First Team of Comprehensive Excavation in Xinyuan Coal Mine of Shanxi Yangmei Group, said that as an old miner with more than 20 years of service, his income has not increased much in recent years. When the coal market is poor, it is not easy to ensure that the income will not drop sharply, and the growth is far less than that of the rural "unskilled".

　　According to the reporter’s investigation, steel, coal, electric power and other industries are under great pressure to reduce production capacity. Some trading companies, large shopping malls and other enterprises have difficulties in operating, and their employees’ income is flat or declining. Some overcapacity and zombie enterprises are merged and reorganized, and some employees are laid off, which affects the income growth of relevant personnel.

　　At the same time, the income growth of migrant workers has slowed down, and the ability to transfer employment to technology-intensive departments is insufficient. Li Mingguang, a migrant worker engaged in the decoration industry in Jinan, said that in the past year or two, the construction industry in Jinan has been somewhat depressed, which has affected the income of migrant workers who mainly take odd jobs. "Now the wages have increased a lot compared with five or six years ago. The competition is fierce, and there are more people and less work. This year, I often work for a few days and rest for a few days. The income will not be much more than last year."

　　According to statistics, from 2014 to 2016, the average monthly income of migrant workers increased by 9.8%, 7.2% and 6.6% respectively, and the growth rate dropped year by year. In 2016, more than half of migrant workers were still concentrated in traditional industries such as manufacturing and construction, and the proportion of receiving skills training was not high, and the ability to transfer employment to technology-intensive departments was insufficient. More than 60% of migrant workers have not signed labor contracts with employers or units, and their employment stability is not high.

　　In addition, the price fluctuation of some agricultural products restricts the steady growth of net income from agricultural operations. "The price of corn is low, but the drought and flood are guaranteed, and the fluctuation is small. If it can’t be sold this year, it can be sold next year. The profit prospect of vegetables is good, but it is difficult for farmers to bear once they lose money." Song Hailong, a cadre of Nanwei Village, Fushan County, Shanxi Province, said, "Wei Shiye, a poor household in Nanwei Village, borrowed 50,000 yuan to engage in facility vegetables, and lost more than 30,000 yuan in half a year, which failed to get rid of poverty and increased the burden."

　　Agricultural income is still the main income of rural households. According to statistics, more than half of the net operating income of rural residents in 2016 came from agriculture. However, the growth of rural residents’ net agricultural income slowed down, with growth rates of 6.8%, 4.6% and 1.1% from 2014 to 2016 respectively. The main reason is that the import impact of foreign low-priced agricultural products has increased, the prices of some domestic agricultural products have continued to decline, the income of agricultural products such as grain has declined, and the difficulty in increasing agricultural net income has intensified. At the same time, the ability of agriculture to resist natural disasters is still weak. In 2016, some areas were greatly affected by natural disasters, and agriculture experienced a decrease in income.

　　At present, the policy of benefiting the people needs a new focus to stimulate income growth. Zhu Guihua, a citizen of Jinan, retired from an enterprise last year with a monthly pension of more than 1,800 yuan. She said that the salary increase of enterprise retirees this year was 6.5%, which was the lowest in the past decade. Retirees in many enterprises have a low pension base. For her, the increase of 6.5% is less than that of 120 yuan, and the increase is not in line with psychological expectations.

　　With the aging of the population and the increase of rigid expenditure on treatment, the dependency ratio of the basic old-age insurance system for enterprise employees in Zhejiang decreased from 7.08 at the end of 2010 to 2.79 at the end of 2016. In 2017, the budget of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees in Zhejiang showed a deficit, and sustainable development faced challenges.

　　In recent years, the net transfer income of urban and rural residents has increased rapidly, thanks to the improvement of various social security standards and the increase in poverty alleviation investment. As the government’s transfer payments continue to increase and the financial burden increases, it is more difficult to continuously introduce inclusive policies to benefit the people. A number of interviewed experts said that if there is no new inclusive policy and the existing policy standards for benefiting the people are not greatly improved, it will be difficult to support the residents’ transfer of net income to continue to maintain rapid growth.

　　Improve the income control system

　　In view of the current employment situation, some respondents suggested promoting employment and entrepreneurship to increase income, deepening the reform of the wage system, improving the income control system, and deepening the reform of the wage system of government agencies, enterprises and institutions.

　　In terms of increasing income from employment and entrepreneurship, many interviewees suggested that the first is to promote the construction of entrepreneurial platforms such as creative space and business incubation bases, implement policies such as employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies and incubation subsidies, and lower the threshold for entrepreneurship. Encourage farmers to engage in e-commerce entrepreneurship, build an entrepreneurial service platform, and make full use of farm stock construction land to build a farm entrepreneurial base. The second is to promote the full employment of key groups, improve the identification and assistance system for people with employment difficulties, implement classified and accurate assistance, and develop public welfare posts for the placement of people with employment difficulties. The third is to strengthen vocational skills and improve the quality of employment. Build and upgrade public training bases for high-skilled talents, make full use of Internet technology, and explore the establishment of individual study accounts and credit accumulation systems for workers. We will implement training programs for family farmers, modern young farmers and leaders of new agricultural business entities to speed up the training of professional farmers.

　　In terms of deepening the reform of the wage system of government agencies, enterprises and institutions, experts suggest that, first, actively cultivate the wage referendum and normal growth mechanism of enterprise employees, so that employees can enjoy more "right to speak" in wage growth. Establish enterprise benefit sharing mechanism and encourage mixed ownership economy to implement employee stock ownership. The second is to explore the establishment of an income distribution incentive mechanism that conforms to the industry characteristics of public institutions and is oriented to increasing knowledge value, and to establish a multi-factor distribution mechanism according to technology and contribution. For high-level talents, the policy of income distribution tilt can be formulated separately. The third is to steadily increase the income of government staff. On the basis of standardizing allowances and subsidies, the regional additional allowance system is implemented to rationally regulate the wage gap in different regions; Standardize incentive subsidies, give local authorities the right to distribute certain assessment rewards, and focus on grassroots frontline personnel and outstanding performance personnel.

　　In addition, in terms of improving the income control system and promoting income equity, Zhu Guihua and other enterprise retirees said that although the government advocates the integration of pensions, compared with the pensions of retirees in government agencies and institutions, the pension base of enterprise retirees is low, even if the same increase is maintained, the gap between the actual amount of growth is still large. According to the difference of pension base between retirees in institutions and enterprises, a more targeted pension growth rate can be formulated.

　　Chen Bin Kai, an associate professor at the School of Economics of the Central University of Finance and Economics, suggested continuing to improve the policy of equal opportunities in the initial distribution. The increase of income of low-income class mainly depends on non-agricultural employment, and its employment direction is often labor-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises. Support can be provided to such enterprises to raise the income level of the middle and lower classes, such as encouraging the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through fiscal and tax preferential policies and financial policies. It can also increase the transfer payment to low-income groups and improve the efficiency of transfer payment. For example, in the tax system, we can give full play to the role of tax as a redistribution tool, reduce the tax burden of low-and middle-income groups and small and medium-sized enterprises, and strengthen the tax collection for high-income groups.

　　Yu Zijin, director of the Local Taxation Bureau of Wanli District, Nanchang City, suggested that the threshold should be raised appropriately to benefit the middle and low income groups and gradually expand the middle income groups. Give play to the role of individual tax in the redistribution of national income, strengthen the adjustment of capital and property income, adjust excessive income, and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor.

On March 29th, at the China Electric Vehicle committee of 100 Forum 2025 held today, Ou Yangming Gao, vice chairman of China Electric Vehicle committee of 100 and academician of China Academy of Sciences, said that the multi-modal large model as the base model of the end-to-end algorithm can empower high-order autonomous driving technology, but it also needs to solve the safety and reliability problems of the large model. At the same time, L3 autopilot needs to solve relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible, and L4 autopilot needs to accumulate experience step by step, so it is not appropriate to mention national autopilot for the time being. "In 2030, the L4-class fully automatic passenger car based on the advanced end-to-end large model will be commercialized in the middle and high-end passenger car scale." Ou Yangming high expectations. (Cailian)

　　A typhoon warning signal

　　Typhoon warning signals are divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(1) Typhoon blue warning signal

　　Standard: It may or has been affected by tropical cyclones within 24 hours, and the average wind force along the coast or land is above 6, or the gust is above 8 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should make preparations for typhoon prevention according to their duties; 2. Stop outdoor collective activities and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude; 3. Take active measures for water operations and passing ships in relevant waters, such as returning to Hong Kong to avoid the wind or sailing around; 4. Reinforce the structures that are easy to be blown by the wind, such as doors and windows, hoardings, scaffolding, billboards, etc., and cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply.

　　(2) Typhoon yellow warning signal

　　Standard: it may be or has been affected by tropical cyclones within 24 hours, and the average wind force along the coast or land is above 8, or the gust is above 10 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should prepare for typhoon emergency according to their duties; 2. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings and outdoor dangerous operations such as high altitude; 3. Take active measures for water operations and passing ships in relevant waters to strengthen port facilities and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision; 4. Reinforce or dismantle structures that are easy to be blown by the wind. Personnel should not go out at will, ensure that the elderly and children stay in the safest place at home, and the dangerous house personnel will be transferred in time.

　　(3) Typhoon orange warning signal

　　Standard: It may or has been affected by tropical cyclones within 12 hours, and the average wind force along the coast or land is above 10, or the gust is above 12 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in typhoon prevention and emergency rescue according to their duties; 2. Stop large-scale indoor and outdoor gatherings, suspend classes and business (except for special industries); 3. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind and strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision; 4. To reinforce or dismantle structures that are easily blown by the wind, the personnel should stay in a windproof and safe place as far as possible. When the typhoon center passes, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that strong winds will suddenly blow, and they should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind, and the dangerous personnel should be transferred in time; 5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

　　(4) Typhoon red warning signal

　　Standard: It may or has been affected by tropical cyclones within 6 hours, and the average wind force along the coast or land is above 12, or the gust is above 14 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in typhoon emergency and emergency rescue according to their duties; 2. Stop the assembly, suspend classes and suspend business (except for special industries); 3. Ships returning to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind should take active measures according to the situation, and properly arrange personnel to stay behind or move to a safe place; 4. To reinforce or dismantle the structures that are easy to be blown by the wind, the personnel should stay in a windproof and safe place. When the typhoon center passes by, the wind will decrease or stay still for a period of time. Remember that the strong wind will suddenly blow, and they should continue to stay in a safe place to avoid the wind, and the dangerous people should be transferred in time; 5. Relevant areas should pay attention to prevent flash floods and geological disasters that may be caused by heavy precipitation.

　　Second, the rainstorm warning signal

　　The rainstorm warning signal is divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(A) rainstorm blue warning signal

　　Standard: within 12 hours, the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should prepare for the rainstorm according to their duties; 2. Schools and kindergartens take appropriate measures to ensure the safety of students and children; 3. Drivers should pay attention to road water and traffic jams to ensure safety; 4. Check the drainage system of cities, farmland and fish ponds, and prepare for drainage.

　　(2) yellow rainstorm warning signal

　　Standard: The rainfall will reach more than 50 mm within 6 hours, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing rainstorm according to their duties; 2. The traffic management department shall take traffic control measures in heavy rainfall sections according to the road conditions, and implement traffic guidance in waterlogged sections; 3. Cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, suspend outdoor work in open places, and transfer people in dangerous areas and residents of dangerous houses to safe places to shelter from the rain; 4. Check the drainage system of cities, farmland and fish ponds and take necessary drainage measures.

　　(C) rainstorm orange warning signal

　　Standard: within 3 hours, the rainfall will reach more than 50 mm, or it has reached more than 50 mm and the rainfall may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in emergency prevention of rainstorm according to their duties; 2. Cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply and suspend outdoor work; 3. Units in danger zones shall suspend classes or business, and take special measures to protect the safety of students, children and other working personnel who have arrived at school; 4. Do a good job in the drainage of cities and farmland, and pay attention to prevent possible disasters such as flash floods, landslides and mudslides.

　　(4) Rainstorm red warning signal

　　Standard: within 3 hours, the rainfall will reach more than 100 mm, or it has reached more than 100 mm and the rainfall may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in emergency and rescue against rainstorm according to their duties; 2. Stop the assembly, suspend classes and suspend business (except for special industries); 3. Do a good job in the prevention and rescue of mountain torrents, landslides, mudslides and other disasters.

　　Third, the blizzard warning signal

　　Blizzard warning signals are divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(1) Blizzard Blue Warning Signal

　　Standard: within 12 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 4 mm, or it has reached more than 4 mm and the snowfall continues, which may have an impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should prepare for snow disaster and freezing injury according to their duties; 2 transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should carry out road, railway and line inspection and maintenance, and do a good job in road cleaning and snow melting; 3. Pedestrians should pay attention to cold prevention and anti-skid, drivers should drive carefully, and vehicles should take anti-skid measures; 4. Farming and pastoral areas and breeding industries should reserve feed and prepare for snow disaster prevention and freezing injury prevention; 5. Reinforce temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, such as scaffolding.

　　(B) Blizzard yellow warning signal

　　Standard: within 12 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 6 mm, or it has reached more than 6 mm and the snowfall continues, which may have an impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments shall implement measures to prevent snow disaster and freezing damage according to their duties; 2 transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should strengthen the inspection and maintenance of roads, railways and lines, and do a good job in road cleaning and snow melting; 3. Pedestrians should pay attention to cold prevention and anti-skid, drivers should drive carefully, and vehicles should take anti-skid measures; 4. Farming and pastoral areas and breeding industries should prepare enough feed to prevent snow disasters and freezing damage; 5. Reinforce temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, such as scaffolding.

　　(3) Blizzard orange warning signal

　　Standard: within 6 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 10 mm, or it has reached more than 10 mm and the snowfall continues, which may or has already had a great impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do emergency work to prevent snow disaster and freezing injury according to their duties; 2 transportation, railway, electric power, communications and other departments should strengthen the inspection and maintenance of roads, railways and lines, and do a good job in road cleaning and snow melting; 3. Reduce unnecessary outdoor activities; 4. Reinforce temporary structures that are easily crushed by snow, such as scaffolding, and drive outdoor livestock into the shed to feed.

　　(4) Blizzard red warning signal

　　Standard: within 6 hours, the snowfall will reach more than 15mm, or it has reached more than 15mm and the snowfall continues, which may or has had a great impact on traffic or agriculture and animal husbandry.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do emergency and rescue work to prevent snow disaster and freezing injury according to their duties; 2. If necessary, suspend classes or business (except for special industries); 3. When necessary, the aircraft will be suspended from taking off and landing, the train will be suspended, and the expressway will be temporarily closed; 4. Do a good job in disaster relief work in pastoral areas.

　　Fourth, the cold wave warning signal

　　The cold wave warning signal is divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(A) cold wave blue warning signal

　　Standard: within 48 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 8℃, the minimum temperature will be less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind power on land will reach more than 5. Or it has dropped by more than 8℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind power reaches more than 5, which may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should prepare for the cold wave according to their duties; 2. Pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm; 3. Take certain protective measures for tropical crops and aquatic products; 4. Prepare for the wind.

　　(2) Cold wave yellow warning signal

　　Standard: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 10℃, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind power on land can reach above 6. Or it has dropped by more than 10℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 4℃, and the average wind force is above 6, and it may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing cold wave according to their duties; 2. Pay attention to add clothes to keep warm and take care of the old, weak and sick; 3. Take cold-proof measures for livestock, poultry, tropical and subtropical fruits and related aquatic products and crops; 4. Do a good job of windproof.

　　(3) Cold wave orange warning signal

　　Standard: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 12℃, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, and the average wind power on land can reach above 6. Or it has dropped by more than 12℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, and the average wind force is above 6, and it may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing cold wave emergency according to their duties; 2. Pay attention to cold and warmth; 3. Agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, etc. should actively take anti-frost and freezing measures to minimize losses; 4. Do a good job of windproof.

　　(4) Cold wave red warning signal

　　Standard: within 24 hours, the minimum temperature will drop by more than 16℃, the minimum temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, and the average wind power on land can reach above 6. Or it has dropped by more than 16℃, the lowest temperature is less than or equal to 0℃, and the average wind force is above 6, and it may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job of emergency and rescue against cold wave according to their duties; 2. Pay attention to cold and warmth; 3. Agriculture, aquaculture, animal husbandry, etc. should actively take anti-frost and freezing measures to minimize losses; 4. Do a good job of windproof.

　　Five, strong wind warning signal

　　The warning signal of gale (except typhoon) is divided into four levels, which are represented by blue, yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(A) gale blue warning signal

　　Standard: It may be affected by strong winds within 24 hours, with an average wind force of more than 6 or a gust of more than 7; Or have been affected by strong winds, the average wind force is 6~7, or the gust is 7~8 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing strong winds according to their duties; 2. Close the doors and windows, reinforce the structures that are easy to be blown by the wind, such as hoardings, scaffolding and billboards, properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds, and cover building materials; 3. Take active measures for water operations and passing ships in relevant waters, such as returning to Hong Kong to avoid the wind or sailing around; 4. Pedestrians should pay attention to riding bicycles as little as possible, and don’t stay under billboards and temporary structures when it is windy; 5. Relevant departments and units should pay attention to forest and grassland fire prevention.

　　(2) Gale yellow warning signal

　　Standard: It may be affected by strong winds within 12 hours, with an average wind force of 8 or above or a gust of 9 or above; Or it has been affected by strong winds, with an average wind force of 8-9, or a gust of 9-10 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing strong winds according to their duties; 2. Stop outdoor dangerous operations such as outdoor activities and high altitude, and people in dangerous areas and residents of dangerous houses should try to move to sheltered places to avoid the wind; 3. Take active measures for water operations and passing ships in relevant waters to strengthen port facilities and prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision; 4. Cut off the outdoor dangerous power supply, properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds, and cover building materials; 5. Airports, highways and other units should take measures to ensure traffic safety, and relevant departments and units should pay attention to forest and grassland fire prevention.

　　(3) Gale orange warning signal

　　Standard: It may be affected by strong winds within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 10 or a gust of more than 11; Or have been affected by strong winds, with an average wind force of 10-11, or gusts of 11-12 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing strong winds according to their duties; 2. Primary and secondary schools and units with weak wind resistance should suspend classes and business, and reduce the number of people going out; 3. Water operations and passing ships in relevant waters should return to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind and strengthen port facilities to prevent ships from anchoring, grounding and collision; 4. Cut off the dangerous power supply, properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds, and cover building materials; 5. Airports, railways, highways, water transportation and other units should take measures to ensure traffic safety, and relevant departments and units should pay attention to fire prevention in forests and grasslands.

　　(4) Gale red warning signal

　　Standard: It may be affected by strong winds within 6 hours, with an average wind force of more than 12 or a gust of more than 13; Or have been affected by strong winds, the average wind force is above 12, or the gust is above 13 and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in gale emergency and emergency rescue according to their duties; 2. Personnel should stay in windproof and safe places as far as possible, and don’t go out at will; 3. Ships returning to Hong Kong to take shelter from the wind should take active measures according to the situation, and properly arrange personnel to stay behind or move to a safe place; 4. Cut off the dangerous power supply, properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds, and cover building materials; 5. Airports, railways, highways, water transportation and other units should take measures to ensure traffic safety, and relevant departments and units should pay attention to fire prevention in forests and grasslands.

　　Six, sandstorm warning signal

　　The warning signal of sandstorm is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(A) the yellow warning signal of sandstorm

　　Standard: Sandstorm weather may occur within 12 hours (visibility is less than 1000 meters), or sandstorm weather has occurred and may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing sandstorms according to their duties; 2. Close the doors and windows, reinforce the structures that are easily blown by the wind, such as hoardings, scaffolding and billboards, properly arrange outdoor items that are easily affected by strong winds, cover building materials, and do a good job in sealing precision instruments; 3. Pay attention to carrying dust-proof articles such as masks and scarves to avoid dust damage to eyes and respiratory tract; 4. Patients with respiratory diseases and those who are sensitive to sandstorms should not go outdoors.

　　(2) The orange warning signal of sandstorm

　　Standard: Strong sandstorm weather may occur within 6 hours (visibility is less than 500 meters), or it has already occurred and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in preventing sandstorms according to their duties; 2. Stop outdoor activities and dangerous outdoor operations such as high altitude and water; 3. Airports, railways, highways and other units should take protective measures for traffic safety, and drivers should pay attention to changes in sandstorms and drive carefully; 4. Pedestrians should ride bicycles as little as possible, and outdoor personnel should wear masks, scarves and other dust-proof articles to pay attention to traffic safety.

　　(3) Sandstorm in red warning signal

　　Standard: Extreme sandstorm weather may occur within 6 hours (visibility is less than 50 meters), or extreme sandstorm weather has occurred and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in emergency rescue against sandstorms according to their duties; 2. Personnel should stay in windproof and dustproof places, and do not engage in outdoor activities; 3. Schools and kindergartens postpone going to school or leaving school until the end of the particularly strong sandstorm; 4. The plane stopped taking off and landing, the train stopped running and the expressway was temporarily closed.

　　Seven, high temperature warning signal

　　The high temperature warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(A) high temperature yellow warning signal

　　Standard: The maximum daily temperature will be above 35℃ for three consecutive days.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units should make preparations for heatstroke prevention and cooling according to their duties; 2. Minimize outdoor activities in the afternoon; 3. Provide guidance on heatstroke prevention and cooling for the old, weak, sick and young people; 4. Personnel who work under high temperature conditions and need to do outdoor outdoor operations for a long time during the day shall take necessary protective measures.

　　(2) High temperature orange warning signal

　　Standard: The maximum temperature will rise above 37℃ within 24 hours.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units shall implement safeguard measures for heatstroke prevention and cooling according to their duties; 2. Try to avoid outdoor activities in high temperature period, and the personnel working under high temperature conditions should shorten the continuous working hours; 3. Provide guidance on heatstroke prevention and cooling for the old, weak, sick and young people, and take necessary protective measures; 4. Relevant departments and units should pay attention to prevent fires caused by excessive electricity consumption and excessive electric loads such as wires and transformers.

　　(3) High temperature red warning signal

　　Standard: The maximum temperature will rise above 40℃ within 24 hours.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units shall take emergency measures for heatstroke prevention and cooling according to their duties; 2. Stop outdoor outdoor operations (except for special industries); 3. Take protective measures for the old, weak, sick and young people; 4. Relevant departments and units should pay special attention to fire prevention.

　　Eight, drought warning signal

　　The drought warning signal is divided into two levels, which are represented by orange and red respectively. The classification of drought index is based on the comprehensive meteorological drought index in the national standard Meteorological Drought Grade (GB/T20481-2006).

　　(A) the orange warning signal of drought

　　Standard: It is estimated that the comprehensive meteorological drought index will reach severe drought in the coming week (meteorological drought will occur once every 25 to 50 years), or more than 40% of crops in a county (district) will suffer from drought.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units should do emergency work to prevent drought according to their duties; 2 relevant departments to enable emergency standby water sources, dispatch all available water sources within the jurisdiction, and give priority to ensuring domestic water for urban and rural residents and drinking water for livestock; 3. Reduce urban water supply indicators, give priority to irrigation water for cash crops, and limit a large amount of agricultural irrigation water; 4. Restrict unproductive high water consumption and service water consumption, and restrict the discharge of industrial sewage; 5 meteorological departments to carry out artificial precipitation enhancement operations in a timely manner.

　　(2) Arid red warning signal

　　Standard: It is estimated that the comprehensive meteorological drought index will reach extreme drought in the coming week (meteorological drought will occur once in more than 50 years), or more than 60% of crops in a county (district) will suffer from drought.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units shall do emergency and disaster relief work for drought prevention according to their duties; 2. Governments at all levels and relevant departments start emergency water supply schemes such as long-distance water transfer, and adopt various means such as carrying water outside, drilling deep wells and delivering water by car to ensure the life of urban and rural residents and drinking water for livestock; 3. Limited or limited supply of domestic water for urban residents, reducing or phasing out agricultural irrigation water supply; 4. Non-productive high water consumption and service industry water consumption are strictly prohibited, and industrial sewage discharge is suspended; 5. The meteorological department shall increase the intensity of artificial precipitation enhancement in a timely manner.

　　Nine, lightning warning signal

　　Lightning warning signals are divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(1) Lightning yellow warning signal

　　Standard: Lightning activity may occur within 6 hours, which may cause lightning disasters and accidents.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in lightning protection according to their duties; Pay close attention to the weather and try to avoid outdoor activities.

　　(2) Lightning orange warning signal

　　Standard: There is a great possibility of lightning activity within 2 hours, or it has been affected by lightning activity and may continue, so there is a great possibility of lightning disaster.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments shall implement lightning protection emergency measures according to their duties; 2. Personnel should stay indoors and close the doors and windows; 3. Outdoor personnel should hide in buildings or cars with lightning protection facilities; 4. Cut off the dangerous power supply, and do not shelter from the rain under trees, poles or tower cranes; 5. Don’t take an umbrella in the open field, and don’t carry farm tools, badminton rackets and golf clubs on your shoulders.

　　(3) Lightning red warning signal

　　Standard: The possibility of lightning activity within 2 hours is very high, or there has been strong lightning activity, which may continue, and the possibility of lightning disaster is very high.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in lightning protection emergency rescue according to their duties; 2 personnel should try to hide in buildings or cars with lightning protection facilities, and close the doors and windows; 3. Do not touch antennas, water pipes, barbed wire, metal doors and windows, external walls of buildings, and stay away from live equipment such as wires and other similar metal devices; 4. Try not to use TV, telephone and other electrical appliances without lightning protection device or with incomplete lightning protection device; 5. Pay close attention to the release of lightning warning information.

　　X. Hail Warning Signal

　　Hail warning signals are divided into two levels, which are represented by orange and red respectively.

　　(1) Hail orange warning signal

　　Standard: Hail weather may occur within 6 hours and may cause hail disaster.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job in hail prevention according to their duties; 2. The meteorological department should prepare for the artificial hail suppression operation and choose the opportunity to carry out the operation; 3. Outdoor pedestrians should immediately take refuge in a safe place; 4. Drive poultry and livestock into covered places, and properly protect outdoor articles or equipment such as cars that are vulnerable to hail attacks; 5. Pay attention to the lightning disaster accompanied by hail weather.

　　(2) Hail red warning signal

　　Standard: there is a great possibility of hail within 2 hours, and it may cause heavy hail disaster.

　　Defense Guide: 1. The government and relevant departments should do a good job of emergency and rescue against hail according to their duties; 2 meteorological departments to carry out artificial hail suppression operations in a timely manner; 3. Outdoor pedestrians should immediately take refuge in a safe place; 4. Drive poultry and livestock into covered places, and properly protect outdoor articles or equipment such as cars that are vulnerable to hail attacks; 5. Pay attention to the lightning disaster accompanied by hail weather.

　　Eleven, frost warning signal

　　Frost warning signals are divided into three levels, which are represented by blue, yellow and orange respectively.

　　(1) Frost blue warning signal

　　Standard: within 48 hours, the minimum ground temperature will drop below 0℃, which will have an impact on agriculture, or it has dropped below 0℃, which has already had an impact on agriculture and may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and the competent departments of agriculture and forestry should make preparations for frost prevention according to their duties; 2. Take certain protective measures for crops, vegetables, flowers, fruits and forestry breeding.

　　3. Rural grass-roots organizations and farmers should pay attention to local frost warning information so as to take measures to strengthen protection.

　　(2) Frost yellow warning signal

　　Standard: within 24 hours, the minimum ground temperature will drop below minus 3℃, which will have a serious impact on agriculture, or it has dropped below minus 3℃, which has had a serious impact on agriculture and may continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and the competent departments of agriculture and forestry should do a good job in frost prevention according to their duties; 2. Rural grassroots organizations should widely mobilize the masses to prevent and fight disasters; 3. For crop and forestry breeding, measures such as field irrigation should be actively taken to prevent frost and freezing, so as to minimize losses; 4. For vegetables, flowers, melons and fruits, measures such as covering and spraying antifreeze should be taken to reduce freezing injury.

　　(3) Frost orange warning signal

　　Standard: within 24 hours, the minimum ground temperature will drop below minus 5℃, which will have a serious impact on agriculture, or it has dropped below minus 5℃, which has had a serious impact on agriculture and will continue.

　　Defense guide: 1. The government and the competent departments of agriculture and forestry should do a good job in frost prevention according to their duties; 2. Rural grassroots organizations should widely mobilize the masses to prevent and fight disasters; 3. Take active measures to deal with the breeding of crops, vegetables, flowers, melons and fruits, and forestry to minimize losses.

　　Twelve, fog warning signal

　　The fog warning signal is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(1) Fog yellow warning signal

　　Standard: Fog with visibility less than 500 meters may appear within 12 hours, or fog with visibility less than 500 meters and greater than or equal to 200 meters has already appeared and will continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units should make good preparations for fog prevention according to their duties; 2 airports, highways, ferry terminals and other units to strengthen traffic management to ensure safety; 3. Drivers should pay attention to the change of fog and drive carefully; 4. Pay attention to safety in outdoor activities.

　　(2) Fog orange warning signal

　　Standard: Fog with visibility less than 200m may appear within 6 hours, or fog with visibility less than 200m and greater than or equal to 50m has already appeared and will continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units should do a good job in fog prevention according to their duties; 2. Airports, expressways, ferry terminals and other units should strengthen dispatch and command; 3. Drivers must strictly control the speed of cars and ships; 4. Reduce outdoor activities.

　　(3) Fog red warning signal

　　Standard: Fog with visibility less than 50 meters may appear within 2 hours, or fog with visibility less than 50 meters has already appeared and will continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Relevant departments and units should do a good job in anti-fog emergency work according to their duties; 2. Relevant units shall take timely traffic safety control measures in accordance with industry regulations, such as airport suspension of aircraft take-off and landing, temporary closure of expressways, temporary suspension of ferries, etc.; 3. Drivers should take preventive measures in foggy days according to the regulations on driving in foggy days, adopt reasonable driving modes according to environmental conditions, and find a safe parking area to stop as soon as possible; 4. Don’t do outdoor activities.

　　Thirteen, haze warning signal

　　Haze warning signals are divided into two levels, which are represented by yellow and orange respectively.

　　(1) Haze yellow warning signal

　　Standard: Haze with visibility less than 3000 meters may appear within 12 hours, or haze with visibility less than 3000 meters has already appeared and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Drivers should drive carefully; 2. Due to the obvious decrease of air quality, personnel should be properly protected; 3. Patients with respiratory diseases should minimize going out and wear masks when going out.

　　(2) Haze orange warning signal

　　Standard: Haze with visibility less than 2000m may appear within 6 hours, or haze with visibility less than 2000m has already appeared and may continue.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Airports, expressways, ferry terminals and other units should strengthen traffic management to ensure safety; 2. Drivers should drive carefully; 3. The air quality is poor, and personnel need proper protection; 4. Personnel should reduce outdoor activities, patients with respiratory diseases should try to avoid going out, and they can wear masks when going out.

　　Fourteen, road icing warning signal

　　The warning signal of road icing is divided into three levels, which are represented by yellow, orange and red respectively.

　　(A) road icing yellow warning signal

　　Standard: When the road surface temperature is lower than 0℃, precipitation occurs, and road icing may occur within 12 hours.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Traffic, public security and other departments should prepare for road icing according to their duties; 2. Drivers should pay attention to road conditions and drive safely; 3. Pedestrians should ride bicycles as little as possible when going out, and pay attention to anti-skid.

　　(B) Road icing orange warning signal

　　Standard: When the road surface temperature is lower than 0℃, precipitation occurs, and road icing which has great influence on traffic may occur within 6 hours.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Traffic, public security and other departments should do a good job in road icing emergency work according to their duties; 2. Drivers must take anti-skid measures, obey orders and drive slowly; 3. Pedestrians should pay attention to anti-skid when going out.

　　(3) Road icing red warning signal

　　Standard: When the road surface temperature is lower than 0℃, precipitation occurs, and road icing that has a great influence on traffic may occur or has occurred within 2 hours.

　　Defense Guide: 1. Traffic, public security and other departments should do a good job in road icing emergency and rescue; 2. Traffic, public security and other departments should pay attention to directing and guiding the vehicles, and close the icy road traffic when necessary; 3. Personnel shall go out as little as possible. (From June 21, 2007 "China Meteorological News" Author: China Meteorological Bureau)