In 1990, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, people of all ethnic groups in the city strode along the socialist road and demonstrated the strong vitality of socialism. This year, with the successful hosting of the 11th Asian Games as the center, all aspects of work have been promoted, all indicators of social development and national economic plan have been achieved, and all undertakings have made great progress, with political stability, social stability, economic stability and people’s jubilation. This year, people’s governments at all levels continued to do a number of practical and good things for the masses in the spirit of serving and being responsible to the people.
The practical matters closely related to people’s lives are summarized into 20 aspects, which are described as follows:
1. 1990 was the year when suburban rural areas provided the largest amount of non-staple food for the capital market.
2.729 million commercial pigs were provided, an increase of 24.4% over the previous year, of which lean pigs accounted for 1/2; There were 21.67 million commercial broilers, an increase of 21.9% over the previous year, with 3.4 broilers per capita in cities and towns; Commodity milk was 206 million kilograms, up by 9.9% over the previous year, and the per capita consumption in cities and towns was 32.2 kilograms. Commercial eggs were 230 million kilograms, up by 4.1% over the previous year, and the average urban population was 35.9 kilograms. Adult fishing has once again achieved a bumper harvest, with commercial fish reaching 49.05 million kilograms, an increase of 19.8% over the previous year. The per capita share of urban residents is 7.7 kilograms, and fresh fish can be bought all year round.
More than 1,400 hectares of commercial vegetable fields have been added, more than 470 hectares of modern pollution-free and pollution-free vegetable fields have been built, and more than 4,000 hectares of modern vegetable fields have been improved. The annual output of vegetables reached 3.56 billion kilograms, and that of commercial vegetables reached 3.07 billion kilograms, an increase of 12.2% over the previous year. It achieved a variety, a balanced listing, and a good off-season.
2. 1990 was the year when the market was prosperous and the retail price rose at the lowest rate in five years.
The annual retail price increase rate was 4.1%, which was 14.4 percentage points lower than that of the previous year, the lowest increase rate since 1985, and the goal of keeping the retail price increase rate within 10% in three years or longer was achieved ahead of schedule. The price increase of 47 kinds of people’s daily necessities was also lower than that of the previous year, and the prices of vegetables, meat, poultry, eggs and fruits continued to remain stable.
In 1990, with the further opening of the city gate, famous and excellent new products from all over the country poured into Beijing, the market was prosperous, and the goods were dazzling. More than 3,000 large-scale exhibition activities were organized throughout the year, with more than 40,000 commodity varieties, exceeding the 40-year anniversary of Daqing. The total retail sales of social goods reached 30.77 billion yuan, an increase of 15.3% over the previous year.
We continued to pay close attention to the production of 26 kinds of essential products, 100 kinds of short-term key products and 100 kinds of small commodities, such as soap, matches, toilet paper, chimneys, student books and washing powder, which ensured the market supply.
3. 1990 was a year in which the state-owned backbone commercial outlets continued to grow greatly and many inconveniences in people’s lives were further alleviated.
In 1990, the number of commercial service outlets increased by 10,054 on the basis of an average annual increase of 10,000 for five consecutive years, reaching a total of 128,000. Sixteen large and medium-sized shopping malls and 878 outlets owned by the whole people, including Chang ‘an Shopping Mall, Baiguang Road Non-staple Food Shopping Mall and Tongxian, Pinggu and Huairou Commercial Buildings, have been built, with 1,812 new collective outlets and a new commercial business area of 335,000 square meters. The construction of supporting outlets in residential areas was accelerated, and 146 state-owned commercial outlets with a total area of 68,000 square meters were built in residential areas throughout the year.
For the convenience of the masses, 458 bazaars were built, relocated, adjusted and transformed, of which 70 were newly built; The unified business facilities were replaced for more than 3,500 scattered vendors on key streets, and the appearance of the bazaar was improved, and the market order was further improved. The turnover reached 2.36 billion yuan, an increase of 28.3% over the previous year.
4. 1990 was a year in which great achievements were made in the housing construction of the Asian Games project under the condition of reducing the scale of infrastructure.
33 new and expanded competition venues and a large number of supporting service projects have been completed, which have been opened to the outside world after the Asian Games and become places for sports activities. 32 key projects, including the No.3 unit of Shijingshan Power Plant and the China-Japan Youth Exchange Center, have been completed.
5.33 million square meters of new houses have been built, and nearly 90,000 residents can move into new homes. 36,000 square meters of houses have been built to implement the private saving policy.
Five, 1990 was a year of large-scale renovation of dilapidated houses and active and steady reform of the housing system.
In order to speed up the pace of solving the housing problem, the policy of paying equal attention to the development of new areas and the renovation of dilapidated houses has been determined. There are 37 dilapidated houses included in the first batch of renovation, covering an area of 339 hectares and 1.6 million square meters of dangerous houses. After the renovation, 3.36 million square meters of houses can be built, and the housing conditions of more than 50,000 households and 178,000 residents will be improved.
All the housing reform programs in 10 suburban counties were introduced, and the pilot units for housing reform in urban and suburban areas were expanded to 61. The residential area that has been incorporated into the housing reform in the city has reached 10 million square meters, and more than 90 million yuan of personal funds have been recovered.
6. In 1990, the largest number of roads and bridges were built.
30 roads, including the North Central Axis Road, with a total length of 117 kilometers, have been built, which is the largest year in history.
Roads such as North Central Axis Road, North Fourth Ring Road and Anwai Street have been built, forming a transportation network in the northern suburbs connecting Xueyuan Road in the west and Airport Road in the east.
Beijing section of Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway was built in the southeast of the city, and the South Third Ring Road and the East were expanded.
South Third Ring Road; In the east of the city, the northern section of Jingyu Road was opened, and the widening and reconstruction of Chaowai Street and Chaoyang Road were completed, which basically solved the problem of "difficulty in getting in and out" in the east of the city.
The west wing project started in full swing. Most of the demolition of the main bridge section of the main road has been completed, and five large overpasses and some sections are under construction day and night.
21 large-scale railway and highway bridges have been built, 7 overpasses including shibalidian, Minute Temple, Shilihe, Xiluoyuan and Fengtai Railway Bridge, and 6 around the island have been built.
Renovate 194,000 square meters of roads such as Chang ‘an Avenue and widen 10 intersections.
Open up and adjust 27 bus and bus lines, 11 long-distance bus lines, 6 extended lines, 304 new bus lines and 4 minibus lines. The Fuxingmen-Xidan section of the subway has been connected, and Xidan Station has completed 61% of the civil structure.
Seven, 1990 was a year in which the gasification rate of residents’ cooking was improved and water supply and heating were greatly improved.
The daily supply capacity of new gas is 350,000 cubic meters, and the newly developed artificial gas users are 28,800 and natural gas users are 36,200. By the end of the year, there were 165,000 natural gas users, 480,000 artificial gas users and 1.119 million liquefied gas users, totaling 1.764 million.
The first phase of the ninth tap water plant was completed, and the daily water supply capacity was increased by 190,000 cubic meters. Complete the reconstruction and expansion project of Changxindian Waterworks. The city’s daily water supply capacity reached 2.13 million cubic meters, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year, and the shortage of water in peak period was obviously alleviated.
The "East-to-West Water Diversion Project" with an investment of 150 million yuan will bring the water from Miyun Reservoir to the west of Beijing, which can alleviate the shortage of industrial water and the water shortage of 140,000 residents in the west of Beijing.
With an investment of 31.14 million yuan, water improvement projects in 215 natural villages were completed, and another 230,000 farmers drank tap water. The number of villages drinking tap water has reached 3689, accounting for 89.67% of the total number of villages; The total population benefited was 3,650,600, accounting for 93.6% of the total rural population.
The newly developed central heating area is 1.58 million square meters, and the central heating area reaches 16.1 million square meters. Fangzhuang heating plant has been basically built, with newly developed joint heating of 4.56 million square meters, and the total area of regional and joint heating has reached more than 32.92 million square meters, which has improved the living conditions of a group of residents.
Eight, 1990 was a year of great development of post and telecommunications.
The capacity of local telephone exchanges was increased by 93,000, and the number of local telephone users was increased by 55,000. Two-way direct dialing was realized between telephones in suburban counties and urban areas.
Seven new telephone offices were built throughout the year. The capacity of local telephone exchanges reached 523,000, and the number of local telephone users reached 331,000, up by 21.6% and 19.9% respectively over the previous year. 645 public telephones were added, and 13,000 long-distance direct dial telephones were added.
Newly built or rebuilt 17 post offices and offices, and 45 express mail collection and delivery points; Install 100 new dual-port mailboxes; The mail delivery of 513 new residential buildings was solved, which further facilitated the masses.
Nine, 1990 was the year that accomplished the most practical things to protect the environment.
Cities, districts and counties have completed 603 environmental protection projects, and the city’s environmental quality ranks in the forefront of key cities in China.
7,950 pollution sources around the Asian Games venues and on both sides of 100 main streets were treated.
39 smoke control zones were built in the suburbs of the city, and the coverage rate of smoke control zones increased by 12% over the previous year; 57 heavily polluted factories and workshops were managed and relocated.
Breakthrough progress has been made in the control of automobile exhaust, and the exhaust of 250 thousand gasoline vehicles in the city has reached the standard after treatment.
Cage fish culture in important areas of Huairou Reservoir and Miyun Reservoir has been stopped, and the planting task of 4,300 hectares of water conservation forest in the upper reaches of Miyun Reservoir has been completed by 87%, and the planting task of 113 hectares of water conservation forest in the Eighth Water Plant has been completed, ensuring the cleanliness of urban drinking water.
Through measures such as river regulation and water exchange, the cleanliness of the water quality of the main rivers in the city has been improved.
10. 1990 was the year in which the city appearance changed the most and won the title of Top Ten Health Cities in China.
The environmental sanitation of 175 key streets, 22 major areas and 16 urban-rural fringe areas was rectified, 410,000 square meters of illegal buildings were demolished, more than 900,000 square meters of green land were vacated, and more than 500,000 square meters of roads were vacated; Clean up 2.04 million tons of accumulated garbage and clean up more than 10,000 sanitary corners; Rectify more than 2,000 construction sites facing the street, rectify 54,000 balconies of buildings facing the street, renovate and spray 2 million square meters of broken walls and broken doors, and build 105,000 square meters of new fences; Paved 440,000 square meters of footpaths, renovated and decorated 2000 sheds, pavilions and pavilions along the street, welcoming the Asian Games with a neat and clean look.
125 public toilets with beautiful appearance and relatively perfect internal facilities were built or renovated. 697 ground garbage stations were abolished and 102 closed container garbage stations were built.
11. In 1990, trees, flowers and grass were planted the most, and urban and rural greening and beautification reached a new level.
In 1990, the task of greening and beautifying 29 Asian Games venues and 10 newly-built streets such as Zhongzhou Road and Anwai Street was completed with high quality. 15 parks, including Xiluo Park and Fangzhuang Green Belt, have been built. In the suburbs around the city, 2.65 million trees were planted, 1.84 million square meters of lawns were paved, and the green area was expanded by 466 hectares; Planting and placing 10 million pots (plants) of various flowers, realizing 116 vertical greening and planting more than 200,000 climbing plants. The greening and beautification level of more than 100 main streets, including Chang ‘an Avenue, 12 scenic spots, 7 trunk roads in suburbs, 15 roads around the island and more than 100 villages has been improved and improved. Many streets have basically realized the combination of trees, shrubs and flowers, needles and broad trees, evergreen in all seasons and flowers in three seasons. The urban green coverage rate rose to 28%, and the per capita green space was 6.14 square meters.
16.39 million trees were planted in rural plains, 4,750 kilometers of farmland forest network were newly built or supplemented, and more than 9,000 kilometers of roads were basically afforested. There are 35,000 hectares of aerial seeding afforestation in mountainous areas, more than 2,000 hectares of sandy wasteland and ravines, and nearly 2,000 hectares of newly closed mountains for afforestation. The forest coverage rate in mountainous areas has increased to 35.9%, and all eight plains and semi-plains and counties have reached the national standards for plain greening, and the ecological environment of the capital has been further improved.
12. 1990 was a year of continuous deepening reform and vigorous development of education.
The ten practical tasks set by the municipal government for education in 1990 were all completed. Mainly include:
Reconstruction and expansion of 61 primary school buildings, covering an area of 140,000 square meters, adding 650 classrooms. In the case of a net increase of 61,000 primary school students in the city, there is no "two-part system".
120 experimental bases in institutions of higher learning and technical secondary schools have been established, and 50 labor and technical education bases for middle school students have been established. The health care rooms of 200 middle schools are equipped with relatively complete equipment. 86,300 square meters of dormitories for primary and secondary school teachers were built, exceeding the task of building 500,000 square meters of dormitories for primary and secondary school teachers in five years. 80,000 square meters of houses for colleges and universities will be built.
The city’s education expenditure increased by more than 15% over the previous year, much higher than the 4.2% increase in fiscal revenue. The expenditure allocated by the government for education has accounted for 21% of the city’s fiscal expenditure, which is the highest proportion in history. The proportion of the city’s education surcharge increased from 1% in 1989 to 2%, and a total of 125 million yuan was collected. In addition, cities, districts, counties and townships also raised 52.38 million yuan in education funds through various channels.
Ten suburbs and counties have established a people’s education fund system, and the people’s education fund has reached 36 million yuan.
Thirteen, 1990 was a year in which the incidence of infectious diseases dropped for nine consecutive years and the health appearance reached the best state in history.
The incidence of 25 infectious diseases decreased by 4.13% on the basis of a sharp decline in 1989, and achieved good results for nine consecutive years.
Completed 12 medical and health construction projects, including Jishuitan Hospital and Outpatient Building of College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with a completed area of 102,000 square meters. The ward buildings of Huimin Hospital, Daxing Hospital and Xuanwu and Fuxing Hospital have been put into use. The total number of hospital beds in the city reached 55,474, an increase of 3,597 over the previous year.
One million yuan was allocated to rebuild the "120" emergency communication equipment, and the communication radius was expanded from 10 kilometers to 50 kilometers. The emergency network has spread to most remote suburbs and counties.
Health construction at the grassroots level has been strengthened, and 500 primary medical personnel and 6,000 rural doctors urgently needed at the grassroots level have been trained throughout the year. More than 6,000 rural doctors passed the examination, and the coverage rate of village clinics reached 96%.
The city has carried out the pilot work of primary health care in the community, established the residents’ health records for nearly 10,000 people, and provided regular door-to-door services.
14. 1990 was a year in which culture and art flourished further and people’s cultural life became more colorful.
With an investment of 3.1 million yuan, 79 TV differential turntables and ground satellite receiving stations will be built. Channel 6 of Beijing TV Station covers 97% of the city’s population. Beijing Daily and Beijing Evening News were all changed to offset printing, and Radio Beijing Economic Station was launched.
Beijing TV broadcasted TV programs such as "One Heart" and "Desire" which aroused strong social repercussions, and also broadcasted more than 70 TV series and literary evenings which were deeply loved by the masses. Theaters (regiments) and theaters performed and screened 16,000 plays and films throughout the year, among which Peking Opera "Make the Finishing Point", drama "The Best Building in the World" and music and dance "A Journey to a Prosperous Age" were widely praised. Organized and arranged 314 performances by foreign literary and art groups in Beijing, with an audience of 300,000.
Mass cultural activities are unprecedentedly active. Around the Spring Festival, various lantern festivals, temple fairs and flower parties attended by 5 million people were organized. Various cultural activities such as Youth Culture Festival, Old People Art Festival, Middle School Students’ Chorus Festival, Peach Blossom Festival, Kite Festival and Watermelon Festival were also organized. For the first time, the Farmers’ Art Festival performed 1,940 performances and more than 5,000 programs, and a number of typical community cultures such as Dewai and Xinjiekou emerged. More than a dozen large-scale park activities such as Beihai Dragon Lantern Festival, Longqingxia Ice Lantern Festival and Longtan Lake Temple were held, which enriched the cultural life of the people.
15. 1990 was a year of great progress in strengthening the work of cultural relics and restoring the charm of the ancient capital.
In the whole year, more than 30 million yuan was raised, and 47 ancient construction projects were repaired, with a total area of more than 500,000 square meters. Among them, the Taisui Temple of Xiannongtan, the reinforcement and renovation project of Lugou Bridge, the third phase project of Suzhou Street of Summer Palace and the emergency rescue project of Juyongguan Great Wall have all been completed and opened.
The earth mountain in the Temple of Heaven Park was removed, 769,000 cubic meters of earthwork was removed, and 7 hectares of ground were afforested and beautified, thus restoring the charm of the Temple of Heaven.
With an investment of 9 million yuan, the management project of Shenlu Cultural Relics Protection Zone in the Ming Tombs was completed.
Ancient and famous trees bear witness to the glorious history of the capital. In 1990, 23,537 famous ancient trees in the city were inspected one by one. Among them, 6,083 ancient trees were protected by fences, more than 3,000 ancient trees were blocked and supported, and 2,351 ancient trees were equipped with water seepage devices. Demolition of more than 5,000 square meters of buildings that endanger the survival of ancient trees has protected a number of famous ancient trees.
16. 1990 was a year of healthy development of social welfare undertakings.
Community services in urban and suburban areas continued to develop and improve. 15 new multi-functional community service centers have been built, bringing the number of community service centers to 70, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the total number of streets in the city. A number of social service facilities such as street nursing homes, old-age care centers, disabled people’s shelters, medical stations and rehabilitation stations have been newly built, and the total number has grown to 3,185.
More than 100 welfare enterprises have been newly established, with a total of 1,800 welfare enterprises, and 19,500 disabled people with working ability have been placed in employment, accounting for more than 80% of the disabled people with working ability in the city. We sold 20.77 million yuan of social welfare lottery tickets and raised 5.5 million yuan for the welfare of the disabled. For 3,834 disabled soldiers in rural areas and more than 5,000 blind people, free bus and subway passes were obtained, and it was decided that 14,000 disabled soldiers in the city could visit the park for free with their disability certificates.
All rural townships and administrative villages have established social security organizations, with 42.3 million yuan of security funds, and the basic livelihood of poor households, five-guarantee households and special care recipients has been improved.
Great progress has been made in poverty alleviation. After five years of hard work, by the end of 1990, all the 37 poverty-stricken townships identified by the municipal government in 1986 had achieved the initial goal of getting rid of poverty, with a total income of 473 million yuan, an increase of 16.8% over the previous year and 1.48 times over 1985; The per capita labor income reached 758 yuan, an increase of 68% over 450 yuan in 1985.
17. 1990 was a year in which democracy and the legal system were further strengthened.
In 1990, the mayor, deputy mayors and 29 municipal committees, offices and bureaus made special reports on 33 aspects of work to the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress for deliberation. Briefed the CPPCC five times. The mayor and deputy mayor have held talks with more than 930 deputies to the National People’s Congress, CPPCC members and democratic parties on government work for 20 times.
2,032 proposals of NPC deputies and CPPCC members were handled. Received 14 inspections by 1,260 NPC deputies and CPPCC members, and inspected 105 units.
In order to further strengthen democratic supervision, municipal, district and county governments and municipal government departments have successively published a number of administrative systems; More than 100 democratic parties and personages without party affiliation were invited to directly participate in the relevant work of the municipal government. The Municipal Audit Bureau hired special auditors, the Municipal Price Bureau hired special price supervisors, the Municipal Education Bureau hired special education supervisors, the Municipal Supervision Bureau hired special inspectors and integrity supervisors, and the Municipal Public Security Bureau and Public Service Bureau invited 6,000 people as social supervisors.
The construction of the legal system is centered on the implementation of the Administrative Procedure Law, which further strengthens legislation and law enforcement. In the whole year, 53 draft local laws and regulations were submitted to the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress for deliberation, and the total number of existing effective laws and regulations has reached 470. Administrative law enforcement investigated and dealt with 11.54 million violations of laws and regulations, and fined 120 million yuan. The level of urban management according to law has been improved.
18. 1990 was a year in which all kinds of abnormal deaths continued to decrease.
In 1990, the city carried out four large-scale traffic order rectifications focusing on bicycle traffic order, and leaders at all levels and voluntary safety officers took to the streets to maintain traffic order for 1.08 million people. In the whole year, 10.06 million bicycle and pedestrian violations were corrected and a fine of 21.92 million yuan was imposed. The number of traffic accident deaths decreased by 15 people compared with the same period of last year, down by 3.2%, and decreased year by year for five consecutive years; The number of deaths from industrial accidents decreased by 37, down by 20.6%; Drowning deaths decreased by 3 people, down by 5.3%; Fire deaths decreased by 4 people, down by 26.7%.
Nineteen, 1990 was a year in which the management of public security continued to be strengthened and people’s lives were more stable.
Throughout the year, we continued to crack down on criminals, cracking 9,077 criminal cases, including 3,218 major cases, 1,100 criminal gangs and 977 criminal nests. After June, the public security situation in the city has obviously improved.
Further work has been carried out to eliminate social evils and criminal activities such as prostitution, manufacturing and selling obscene articles, gathering and gambling in crowds, abducting and selling women and children, smoking and trafficking drugs, and using feudal superstitions to cheat financial victims. A total of 11,000 people were investigated and punished for "six evils", 55,000 pornographic books and periodicals, 3,985 pornographic videos, more than 900 sets of gambling tools and gambling funds of more than 1.17 million yuan were collected and banned. Further purified the social environment of the capital.
20. 1990 was a year when governments at all levels further improved their work style and kept in close contact with the masses.
This year, governments at all levels in the city conscientiously implemented the decision of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), and made it an important task to restore and strengthen the flesh-and-blood ties with the people. One after another, 1,576 leading cadres from various departments of the city, district, county and municipal government went deep into the grassroots, established 4,738 grassroots contact points, directly listened to the opinions of the masses, and solved tens of thousands of practical problems for the grassroots.
What is outstanding is that after 44,000 households moved into their new houses, the relationship between food and non-staple food was solved for residents who could not transfer their household registration and food for a long time because of the mismatch of commercial and service outlets, which was the most solved year over the years.
On the basis of continuing to run the "mayor’s telephone" and "district (county) long telephone", 12 departments closely related to people’s lives, such as power supply, food, education and industrial and commercial administration, have set up mass voice telephones, forming a mass voice telephone network covering the whole city. Among them, the "Mayor’s Telephone" received more than 24,400 calls from the masses throughout the year, double the previous year, and directly solved more than 8,680 questions raised by people from all walks of life.
In the whole year, more than 60,000 letters and visits from people were accepted, an increase of 15,000 over the previous year, and all of them were properly handled.
1991 is the first year of the Eighth Five-Year Plan and the first year of realizing the strategic goal of socialist modernization in the next decade. We should conscientiously implement the spirit of the Seventh Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), emancipate our minds, strive to develop, do a better job in Beijing, and continue to do more practical things for the masses.
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