分类： jgjfhgf

Jing Zheng Ban Fa [2014] No.23

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

　　"Beijing key scientific research work plan for air pollution prevention and control (2014-2017)" has been approved by the municipal government and is hereby issued to you. Please conscientiously implement it according to the actual situation.

　　General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　 　　

　　April 18, 2014　　

Beijing Key Scientific Research Work Plan for Air Pollution Prevention and Control (2014-2017)

　　This plan is formulated to implement the Beijing Clean Air Action Plan for 2013-2017, accelerate the "Blue Sky Action in the Capital" jointly implemented by this Municipality, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Environmental Protection, and give full play to the supporting and leading role of science and technology in the prevention and control of air pollution.

First, the general idea

　　Thoroughly implement the important speeches of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, especially the spirit of the important speeches when inspecting Beijing’s work, base on the strategic positioning of the capital city, focus on the goal of building Beijing into a world-class harmonious and livable capital, give full play to the advantages of the capital’s scientific and technological resources, take application as the guidance, and focus on enterprises, universities, research institutes, scientific and technological service institutions and related units. Carry out research on the causes, forecast and early warning of air pollution, promote clean and efficient use of energy, improve the technical level of new energy and clean energy vehicles, promote the development and demonstration application of prevention and control technologies for key pollution sources, accelerate the construction of ecological environment, promote the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries, and provide scientific and technological support for the prevention and control of air pollution and the improvement of air quality in the city.

Second, the key tasks

　　(A) the causes of air pollution and forecasting and early warning research

　　1. Study the prevention and control law of air pollution sources. Carry out source emission inventory focusing on fine particulate matter (PM2.5), source analysis of major pollutants (ozone, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, ammonia, etc.), research on pollution causes and transport flux, and deepen understanding of air pollution and prevention and control work. Study the emission characteristics and control countermeasures of major atmospheric pollutants, and evaluate the treatment technology.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Meteorological Bureau.

　　2. Improve the level of air pollution forecasting and early warning and emergency management. Carry out research on monitoring and early warning technology system of heavy air pollution, improve the ability of forecasting and early warning of persistent polluted weather, and explore technical ways to reduce smog by artificial influence. Study the influence mechanism and dynamic control method of meteorological conditions on regional heavy pollution process, establish a three-dimensional monitoring network of atmospheric boundary layer pollution, and form an accurate air quality forecasting model and a graded early warning system of regional heavy pollution around Beijing. Study on evaluation methods and related policies of emergency management measures for heavily polluted weather.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Meteorological Bureau.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Emergency Office.

　　3. Carry out scientific and technological cooperation in regional air pollution prevention and control. Give full play to the advantages of scientific and technological resources in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other provinces and cities, jointly carry out regional scientific and technological research on air pollution prevention and control, and promote the transformation and application of scientific research results and the sharing of air pollution prevention and control technologies. Under the guidance and coordination of the Ministry of Science and Technology, according to the technical requirements of air pollution prevention and control in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, we will sort out and collect air pollution prevention technologies and products, evaluate and screen to form a catalogue of advanced and applicable technologies, and provide technical and product information for regional air pollution prevention and control.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Meteorological Bureau and district and county governments.

　 　 　 (2) Promote clean and efficient use of energy.

　　4. Develop alternative technologies and products for coal burning. Carry out demonstration and application of high-efficiency clean combustion technology of coal. Popularize the application of high-efficiency briquette, high-efficiency coal-fired stoves and other technical equipment, develop unattended natural gas skid-mounted station equipment, popularize solar hot water heating, passive solar energy utilization and other technologies, and adopt various technical ways to replace coal burning.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Agriculture Bureau and relevant district and county governments.

　　5. Promote semiconductor lighting technology and products. Encourage, support and guide enterprises to promote the application of semiconductor lighting in subway stations, shopping malls and supermarkets, cultural theaters and roads and other typical areas.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Appearance Committee, Municipal Transportation Committee, Municipal Commerce Committee, Municipal Tourism Committee and Municipal Culture Bureau.

　　6. Promote waste heat recovery technology and products. Promote the application of industrial waste heat recovery and utilization technology and equipment, waste heat power generation technology, waste heat recovery and heating technology and other technologies and equipment. Carry out the design and manufacture of efficient core equipment, form mature high, medium and low temperature multi-working condition waste heat power generation technology and equipment manufacturing capacity, and carry out engineering demonstration application.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission and Municipal Economic Information Commission.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

　　7. Promote the wide application of building energy-saving technologies and products. Popularize and apply building intelligent control and integrated energy management system, green building materials and green lighting, natural ventilation technology, HVAC energy-saving system and other technologies and products.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Meteorological Bureau.

　　8. Promote heat pump technology and products. Popularize waste heat pump heating technology in urban heat sources such as thermal power centers and gas-fired boiler rooms, and develop sewage source and reclaimed water source heat pump heating technology in areas where sewage collection trunk pipelines are close to suitable areas and reclaimed water resources are abundant. Popularize air source heat pump technology in suitable areas and explore the use of ground source heat pump technology.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission and Municipal Water Affairs Bureau.

　　9. Promote the development of distributed energy. Encourage the construction of high-efficiency gas-fired distributed energy systems in government agencies, hospitals, hotels, shopping malls, commercial centers, transportation hubs, data centers and other fields, and comprehensively utilize renewable energy such as solar energy and wind energy where conditions permit. Demonstration and application of distributed photovoltaic power generation system in high-end equipment manufacturing park, and "photovoltaic hundred flowers project" in primary and secondary schools and industrial parks.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Education Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

　　10. Implement the capital bio-gas industry science and technology demonstration project. Support the research and development of key technologies, complete sets of equipment and products for the comprehensive utilization of biogas, landfill gas and other biogas. Support the construction of bio-gas application demonstration enterprises, industrialization bases and village application demonstration projects, explore the commercial operation mode of bio-gas, and promote the standardization, engineering and industrialization of bio-gas equipment.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Agriculture Bureau.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Appearance Committee, and district and county governments.

　　(3) Improve the technical level of new energy and clean energy vehicles.

　　11. Support the research and development of complete vehicles, key components, supporting infrastructure and operation support platforms. Intensify vehicle optimization and the development of a new platform for electric vehicles, adopt a new lightweight structure to reduce the weight of the vehicle, adopt a high-efficiency motor to improve the driving efficiency of the vehicle, and improve the energy density of the battery group. Optimize and integrate the spare parts supply system, improve the performance of key spare parts such as electric air conditioning and electric braking, reduce the cost of the whole vehicle and improve the cost performance of the whole vehicle. The man-vehicle interaction system is used to interconnect with intelligent transportation, parking guidance platform and information system to improve the use value of electric vehicles. Improve the public domain operation support platform, intelligent charging and replacing service platform and inspection and testing service platform. Carry out risk monitoring and analysis of electric vehicles, and study and establish a remote monitoring platform and management mechanism for demonstration and application of new energy passenger cars based on Internet of Things technology.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Science and Technology Commission

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Transportation Commission and Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau.

　　12. Improve the emission standards and supervision level of motor vehicles. Study the sixth stage vehicle emission standards, local standards of vehicle fuel and related standards of on-board oil and gas recovery system of gasoline vehicles. Carry out research on in-use vehicle detection methods and vehicle emission pollution control policies to improve the supervision level. Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Transportation Commission.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission, Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau Public Security Traffic Management Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　(four) to promote the development and demonstration application of prevention and control technologies for key pollution sources.

　　13. Accelerate the implementation of online monitoring of pollutant emissions. Conduct research on the capacity building of automatic monitoring of key pollution sources, and accelerate the construction of automatic monitoring system for key pollution sources. Study and popularize the automatic monitoring system of low-concentration flue gas and ultrasonic flue gas flow measurement technology to accurately monitor the total pollutant discharge of key pollutant discharge enterprises.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Municipal Bureau of Quality Supervision.

　　14 research and development of volatile organic compounds pollution control technology and equipment. Develop technologies and equipment for source control and process control of volatile organic compounds, develop high-performance catalyst carriers, and prepare new nano rare earth oxide catalysts with wide application range and strong treatment capacity. Carry out research on on-line monitoring system of gas station and vehicle-mounted oil and gas recovery technology, develop key technologies and equipment for volatile organic compounds control in industrial painting industry, and promote the application and promotion of volatile organic compounds control technology in related industries through technical demonstration.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau, Municipal Safety Supervision Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　15. Control nitrogen oxide pollution from fixed combustion sources. Develop low-nitrogen and ultra-low-nitrogen burners for gas-fired boilers, develop the matching boiler main body and control system, and form complete sets of equipment for low-nitrogen and ultra-low-nitrogen combustion boilers. Develop low-temperature denitration catalyst, waste heat recovery and denitration integration devices to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions from combustion equipment.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, and district and county governments.

　　16. Control ammonia emissions. Find out the emission characteristics and activity level of ammonia emission sources (livestock and poultry breeding, fertilizer application, mobile sources, sewage treatment, garbage treatment, etc.), carry out environmental monitoring in typical areas, put forward ammonia emission reduction control countermeasures, develop ammonia emission control technologies for key sources and demonstrate their application.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission, Municipal Agriculture Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　17. Control road dust and construction dust. Screening plant populations with good dust retention effect, and carrying out research and application demonstration of greening planting technology. Piloting and popularizing multi-effect dust suppressants in key areas and carrying out on-line monitoring of construction dust. Promote the development of parts and components of assembled industrialized housing, improve the prefabrication rate, and focus on the promotion of affordable housing construction.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Landscaping Bureau, Municipal Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　18. Reduce cooking fume pollution. Detect and analyze the existing fume purification products, and select and recommend a batch of catering fume purification equipment with good performance for popularization and application. Formulate stricter local standards for air pollutant emission in catering industry. Tackling the treatment technology of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in catering lampblack, and developing modular and easy-to-maintain lampblack purification equipment. Pilot construction of a batch of online monitoring systems for catering fume in catering gathering areas.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee, Municipal Agriculture Committee, Municipal Commerce Committee, Municipal Tourism Committee, Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce, Municipal Urban Management and Law Enforcement Bureau, Municipal Public Security Bureau Fire Bureau, and district and county governments.

　　19. Promote cleaner production. Organize and guide enterprises in key industries such as cement to carry out cleaner production audit and implement cleaner production technological transformation. Select typical industrial development zones to implement cleaner production technological transformation, encourage the development of cleaner production projects with energy saving, consumption reduction and emission reduction, accelerate the construction of environmental protection infrastructure in industrial development zones, encourage the ecological and recycling design and transformation, and build a cleaner production science and technology model project in eco-industrial parks.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Economic Information Commission, district and county governments.

　　(5) Accelerate the construction of ecological environment.

　　20. Strengthen technical support for afforestation projects. Focusing on the key technical problems in the implementation of the million mu afforestation project, we have screened out a number of low-consumption and high-resistance multifunctional afforestation plant varieties suitable for the plain area, applied and popularized the environment-friendly plant pest control technology, developed the landscape ecological forest construction technology suitable for different site conditions, explored a new model of large-scale afforestation and dust suppression, and continuously improved the ecological benefits of the plain afforestation project.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening Co-organizer: Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Meteorological Bureau, Municipal Park Management Center and district and county governments.

　　21 to speed up the cultivation, protection and utilization of excellent germplasm resources. Carry out research on the selection, propagation and application of plant varieties with excellent ecological effects, and develop plant varieties that are suitable for the climatic conditions of our city, drought-resistant and water-saving and can be propagated in factories. Construction of excellent germplasm resources database, resource nursery and excellent plant gene bank for landscaping. Cultivate late deciduous tree species and ground cover plant varieties with strong resistance to air pollution and drought, domesticate and breed excellent native tree species.

　　Lead unit: Municipal Bureau of Landscaping and Greening

　　Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Municipal Park Management Center, and district and county governments.

Third, safeguard measures

　　(1) Strengthen organizational leadership and clearly implement responsibilities. We will improve the organizational model and working mechanism jointly promoted by the Municipal Science and Technology Commission and the industry authorities, strengthen communication and coordination, and focus on studying and solving major scientific and technological problems in the prevention and control of air pollution. Clarify departmental responsibilities, implement division of tasks, form joint efforts, and jointly promote scientific and technological support for air pollution prevention and control.

　　(2) Adhere to the demand orientation and accelerate the application of technology. Guided by the major scientific and technological needs of air pollution prevention and control, establish a sharing mechanism of scientific research results, give play to the role of industrial technology alliances, industry associations and other organizations through the first purchase, order, first (Taiwan) set of major technical equipment tests and demonstration projects, and promote the application, organize the comprehensive integration, demonstration application and popularization of new technologies and new products, promote the linkage between environmental management and technological development, and promote the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries.　

　 　 　 　(3) Cohesing innovative resources and attracting social participation. Give full play to the role of the government in development strategy, planning, policies, standards, financial funds, etc., guide innovative resources such as technology and talents to gather in the field of air pollution prevention and control, attract enterprises, universities, research institutes, scientific and technological service institutions, industrial technology alliances and other extensive participation, and promote the formation of a scientific and technological support pattern for air pollution prevention and control with government guidance, application orientation, enterprise subject and social participation.

According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics recently, in April, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.1% year-on-year due to factors such as the domestic epidemic and the continuous rise in international commodity prices. The core CPI excluding food and energy prices declined steadily, rising by 0.9% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.2 percentage points from last month. According to industry insiders, the year-on-year increase of domestic CPI in April was still significantly lower than that of other major economies, and China’s prices continued to operate smoothly. Next, we should further do a good job in ensuring supply and price stability in key areas such as grain and energy, so as to provide strong support for ensuring price stability.

PPI both fell from the previous month and the year-on-year increase.

In April, the year-on-year increase of domestic food prices turned from negative to positive, ending the previous four-month decline. Dong Lijuan, senior statistician of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that from a year-on-year perspective, food prices changed from a decrease of 1.5% in the previous month to an increase of 1.9%, which affected the CPI increase by about 0.35 percentage points.

According to statistics from the Bureau of Statistics, the prices of fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, eggs and potatoes rose by 24.0%, 14.1%, 13.3% and 11.8% respectively, which was larger than last month. The price of pork decreased by 33.3%, which was 8.1 percentage points lower than that of last month.

Wen Bin, chief researcher of China Minsheng Bank, told reporters that due to the epidemic, the demand for hoarding goods increased and the logistics cost increased, which pushed up the prices of vegetables, fruits and other foods in April. In addition, the pork production capacity has continued to be adjusted recently, and the central frozen pork reserve and storage work has been carried out in an orderly manner, which has narrowed the decline in pork prices, and the chain-on-chain increase has changed from 9.3% in the previous month to 1.5%.

In terms of non-food prices, the year-on-year increase in April was 2.2%, which was the same as that in the previous month, affecting the CPI increase by about 1.78 percentage points. Among them, domestic oil prices rose significantly in April due to the fluctuation of oil prices in the international market. In that month, the prices of gasoline and diesel increased by 29% and 31.7% respectively.

Dong Lijuan said that from the industrial producer’s ex-factory price index (PPI), in April, despite the high international commodity prices, all regions and departments resolutely implemented the decision-making and deployment of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices, and the PPI and year-on-year growth rates both declined.

Wen Bin said that the PPI growth rate continued to fall in April, up 0.6% from the previous month, and the growth rate dropped by 0.5 percentage points; It rose by 8% year-on-year, and the growth rate dropped by 0.3 percentage points. Among them, the domestic policy of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices has played a significant role. Among the 40 industrial sectors surveyed, the price increase has dropped by one month, reaching 22. "Overall, the current overall price level in China is running in a reasonable range."

International and domestic prices are high and low.

Recently, countries have announced the price situation in April. The industry believes that from the latest data, despite the sharp interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve, inflation in the United States remains high, and inflation levels in European countries continue to remain high, while prices in China continue to operate smoothly, and international and domestic prices are high and low, in stark contrast.

Internationally, in March, the CPI and PPI in the United States were 8.5% and 11.2%, respectively, hitting 40 years and record highs; The year-on-year increase in April was 8.3% and 11% respectively, which remained at a historical high level. In terms of varieties, the prices of food, energy, used cars and public transportation increased by 9.4%, 30.3%, 22.7% and 21.8% respectively. In Europe, the initial value of CPI in the euro zone rose by 7.5% year-on-year in April, which was higher than that in March and continued to hit a record high. High inflation has seriously impacted the lives of ordinary people in the United States and Europe, and some families have financial crises. CNN quoted experts as saying that 3.4 million households in the United States had been cut off from electricity, water and gas within one year.

Domestically, the year-on-year increase of domestic CPI in April was still significantly lower than that of other major economies; On average, CPI rose by 1.4% from January to April. In April, the year-on-year increase of domestic PPI fell for the sixth consecutive month. In terms of varieties, domestic food prices fell by 1.9% from January to April, which promoted the CPI to drop by 0.35 percentage points. Although the energy price is affected by some import, the price of residential electricity and gas is basically stable. In April, the price of gasoline rose by nearly 30% year-on-year, which was significantly lower than the 44% increase in the United States. In addition, the domestic prices of clothing, daily necessities and services remained basically stable in April.

Isabella Weber, an economist at the University of Massachusetts in the United States, believes that the China government is trying to stabilize commodity prices, rather than directly passing them on to consumers. On the other hand, in foreign countries, last year, the US’s indiscriminate currency and out-of-control epidemic led to supply chain disorder, which directly pushed up global prices. This year, it has fueled the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, further pushing up the global inflation level. According to the British energy regulator, each household will increase its annual expenditure on gas and electricity by about 6,000 yuan due to the rising energy prices.

Focus on ensuring supply and stabilizing prices in the market

Next, can China continue to keep prices running smoothly? How to further improve the work of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices?

Wen Bin believes that at present, food and energy prices are still the main factors affecting the trend of CPI. In PPI, the rise of international commodity prices still forms imported inflationary pressure. In the next stage, further efforts should be made to ensure supply and stabilize prices in the market, so that China can stabilize the domestic price level.

Recently, a series of policies and measures have been launched intensively: in the early stage, 50 billion yuan of renewable energy subsidies were allocated to central power generation enterprises and 20 billion yuan was injected through the state-owned capital operation budget, and then 50 billion yuan of subsidy funds and 10 billion yuan were allocated; While doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control, we will further smooth the logistics, especially in key areas, and maintain the stability of the supply chain of the industrial chain; From May 1 this year to March 31, 2023, a provisional import tax rate of zero will be imposed on all coal … Sheng Laiyun, deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that ensuring supply and stabilizing prices is crucial to maintaining overall economic and social stability, overall development and security, and we should do our best to ensure supply and stabilizing prices in key areas such as grain and energy.

"Stabilize grain production, and strive to expand soybean production while stabilizing rations and corn; Accurately arrange policy grain sales, continue to do a good job in grain purchases, strengthen market monitoring and early warning, strengthen law enforcement supervision in the grain market, and effectively guarantee the supply of domestic grain markets. " Meng Wei, deputy director of the Policy Research Office of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that in addition, we should closely follow the commodity market and price trends, effectively guarantee market supply, accelerate the release of high-quality production capacity, and strengthen the regulation of reserves and imports and exports. Strengthen market expectation guidance, strengthen market supervision, severely crack down on illegal activities such as hoarding, driving up prices and spreading false information, and resolutely curb excessive speculation. (Reporter Qiu Haifeng Liao Ruiling)

Cctv newsOn January 3rd, the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism held a press conference on the medical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. Zhang Zhongde, vice president of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and president of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, introduced how the elderly, children, pregnant women and other key groups choose traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat Covid-19 infection.

After the old people are infected with Covid-19, there are three stages. When the early symptoms are very mild, the premise of the old people’s medication is early intervention and full intervention. It must be early. When he has aversion to cold, headache, fever or bad gastrointestinal tract, how can he choose medicine? Blocking it from developing to severe disease is the first principle to intervene in this kind of situation, so it is necessary to intervene strongly in its main symptoms. If it is mainly fever, it will be used to clear away heat and detoxify, and if it is mainly cold and dampness, it will be used to expel cold and detoxify. If the disease is dominated by dampness and gastrointestinal symptoms, it will eliminate dampness and detoxify; if it is dominated by asthma and chest tightness, it will disperse the lung and detoxify. According to these three differences, we choose "three drugs and three parties", which are good drugs to prevent the elderly from developing to severe diseases. More importantly, the essence of elderly patients is deficiency, so in this process, we must pay attention to the whole process of righting. What if there is no Qingfei Detoxification Decoction? There are also "three medicines and three parties" and some Chinese patent medicines introduced by state administration of traditional chinese medicine. Once high fever persists and chest tightness is uncomfortable, go to a professional hospital as soon as possible and let a professional doctor handle it.

Traditional Chinese medicine has advantages in pediatrics, especially in exogenous diseases. Children’s constitution is the sun, very delicate. For example, in this wave of epidemic, there are many children with high fever in Guangdong, and the treatment effect of traditional Chinese medicine is very good. With Maxing Shigan Decoction and Yinqiao Powder, Jianer Jiedu Recipe is formed. Most patients can lower their body temperature within 24 hours and 36 hours, leaving a little cough and recovering soon. However, due to the rapid progress of children’s illness, if they continue to have a high fever and have some convulsions and convulsions, they should go to the hospital as soon as possible. Children’s illness comes and goes quickly, so we should pay attention to the temperature of children.

Because the drugs that affect pregnant women or fetuses in Chinese medicine have been clearly listed, Chinese medicine has a very good effect on the three main symptoms of high fever, severe cough and constipation when we treat the high-risk symptoms of pregnant women. The selection of drugs that have no effect on pregnant women and fetuses recorded in the Pharmacopoeia of Traditional Chinese Medicine is now widely used and has a good effect. If you have a persistent high fever or complications, you must go to the hospital for treatment. In addition, pregnant women should take these Chinese medicines under the guidance of doctors, which will achieve good results.

[car home Zunyi Preferential Promotion Channel] Recently, a wave of large-scale price reduction preferential activities was ushered in in Zunyi area, with the highest preferential amount reaching 15,000 yuan and the lowest starting price dropping to 163,600 yuan. If you are interested in this car, you may wish to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form to get more discounts.

The design of eπ008 is based on futuristic and technological sense, and the overall style is atmospheric without losing exquisiteness. The front face adopts a unique family-style design, and with long and narrow LED headlights, sharp lines are outlined, showing the car’s sense of movement and strength. The air intake grille adopts a closed design and cooperates with the penetrating LED strip, which improves the recognition of the vehicle and shows its identity as a new energy source. The smooth body lines and low body posture make the whole car look very sporty.

The body size of eπ008 is 5002*1972*1732 mm, the wheelbase is 3025 mm, and it has spacious interior space. The car’s side lines are smooth and dynamic. With 21-inch rims, the tyre size is 265/45 R21, showing a dynamic rim style. The front and rear wheel tracks are 1650 mm, ensuring stable driving performance.

The interior design of eπ008 adopts a simple and modern style, aiming at providing users with a comfortable and convenient driving experience. The car is equipped with a leather steering wheel, which supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth, providing flexible adjustment space for drivers. The center console is equipped with a 15.6-inch touch screen, which supports the voice recognition control of multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioner, making the operation more convenient and efficient. In addition, the car is equipped with multiple USB and Type-C interfaces, which is convenient for passengers to connect various devices. The front seats are made of imitation leather, the main driver’s seat has heating and ventilation functions and headrest speakers, and the co-pilot seat supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, as well as electric memory function. The second row of seats also supports front and back adjustment, backrest adjustment and leg rest adjustment, which can be easily adjusted to a comfortable sitting position, while the rear seats can also be laid down in proportion to increase storage space.

Eπ008 is equipped with a 1.5T engine, with a maximum power of 108kW (147HP) and a maximum torque of 210N m. It adopts L4 engine layout and cooperates with the single-speed gearbox of electric vehicle, providing strong power output and smooth driving experience.

The owner of car home compares eπ008 with Blue Mountain. Although he points out some shortcomings of eπ008, he also thinks that Blue Mountain is not as attractive as eπ008 in appearance. Generally speaking, eπ008 has performed well in many aspects, meeting the diverse needs of users.

Recently, a news was circulated in a circle of friends.

(Devik bosman’s social account announced the news of his death)

According to foreign media reports, on August 28th, local time, Chadwick Boseman, a famous actor and leading actor in Black Panther, died of colon cancer at the age of 43. It is reported that he was already in the third stage when he discovered intestinal cancer, and he could not be spared after fighting the disease for four years.

In fact, colorectal cancer has become the third most common malignant tumor in men and the second most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. In China, due to the improvement of living standards in recent years, the diet structure with high fat, high calorie, high protein and low dietary fiber, lack of exercise, bad living habits and other factors, the incidence of colorectal cancer has obviously accelerated and the onset age has advanced. The latest data from the National Cancer Registry show that the incidence of colorectal cancer among urban and rural residents in China is increasing year by year:

(Image from the Internet)

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor of digestive tract, including colon cancer and rectal cancer. Early colorectal cancer is often asymptomatic, but with the development of cancer, symptoms gradually appear:

1. The regularity of defecation has changed. The frequency of defecation is increased or particularly difficult, diarrhea, constipation or alternating diarrhea and constipation, and sometimes it is urgent and then heavy.

2. Abnormal stool shape. The stool is thin, flat or angular.

3. The nature of stool changes. There is blood or mucus in the stool, and the stool is not formed.

4. Symptoms of digestive tract. Abdominal pain, bloating, indigestion, loss of appetite, etc.

5. There is a mass in the abdomen and there is fixed pain.

6. Systemic cachexia symptoms such as emaciation and anemia …

At this time, it has often progressed to the middle and late stages, missed the best treatment opportunity, and it is too late to regret it! Even if the life is saved through surgery or various treatment methods, the quality of life is relatively poor.

Therefore, early diagnosis has become a key link in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer! In fact, for the terrible colorectal cancer, if it is found in the early stage, the survival rate of patients is very high, and some even reach more than 90%.

The Lancet once published a study saying that a screening for intestinal cancer can reduce the risk of intestinal cancer by more than one third and save countless lives. According to the data of CDC, raising the screening rate of colorectal cancer to 60%~80% can reduce the incidence of colorectal cancer by 22% (277,000 people) and the death of colorectal cancer by 33% (203,000 people).

More than 85% of colorectal cancer comes from untreated adenomatous polyp, which is a long process, and the process is roughly as follows:

(Image from the Internet)

It can be seen that the canceration process of some colorectal cancers lasts for 10-15 years. As long as we can do a good job in screening and surgical resection at the benign stage, some cases can be completely cured without radiotherapy and chemotherapy. If we can maintain a healthy lifestyle and not give the disease an opportunity, some polyps will never have a chance to form, so as to achieve real scientific prevention!

So, what methods can be used to screen for colorectal cancer? Let’s take a look at the advantages and disadvantages of various screening methods:

1. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

Monoclonal immune reagent is used to detect whether there is trace bleeding in stool, and then indirectly judge whether there is hemorrhagic disease in intestine. According to statistics, 50%~60% patients with colorectal cancer and 30% patients with colorectal polyps are all positive for FOBT test. If the result is positive, further colonoscopy is needed. FOBT is also the only screening method that has been proved to effectively reduce the mortality of colorectal cancer, which can reduce the mortality of colorectal cancer by 18%.

Advantages: The method is simple and feasible, and can be used as a screening method for general survey.

Disadvantages: the false positive rate is high, hemorrhoids, anal fissure, perianal eczema, physiological period and other factors can lead to positive results, lacking screening specificity.

2. Digital rectal examination

Anal digital examination is mainly aimed at the rectal part, and it is based on the doctor’s experience and feel to judge whether there is a tumor in the patient’s rectum. The length of the doctor’s finger can touch the middle and lower rectum, so the accuracy of this examination is about 80%. Relevant data show that the lower rectal cancer is far more common in China than abroad, accounting for 77.5% of rectal cancer, so most rectal cancer can be touched during digital rectal examination.

Advantages: good quality and low price, high cost performance, and can be used as a means of general survey and screening.

Disadvantages: the "chrysanthemum" is tight and the discomfort is obvious. Initially judge whether there are lesions in rectum and surrounding organs 7~10cm away from anus; But it has no significance for high colon lesions. It is closely related to the experience of examining doctors, and the overall accuracy is not so high.

Anyone who has blood in the stool or changes in stool habits and has no abnormality by rectal digital examination should be examined by colonoscopy.

3. colonoscopy

Include colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, proctoscopy, etc. Colonoscopy is the process of observing colonic lesions (such as inflammation, polyps, tumors, etc.) from the anus, through the rectum and sigmoid colon, and to the ileocecal part by using electronic colonoscopy. At present, most hospitals adopt fiber colonoscopy, which is suitable for detecting unexplained changes in stool habits, bloody stool, abdominal pain, indigestion and so on. Colonoscopy is one of the safe and effective methods to diagnose colorectal diseases, which can clearly find intestinal lesions through direct examination of the intestine.

According to medical statistics, it is found that 60~70% of intestinal cancer in China occurs in rectum and sigmoid colon. Therefore, rectal endoscopy and sigmoidoscopy can directly find tumors below the middle section of anal canal, rectum and sigmoid colon.

Advantages: colonoscopy is the first choice for the prevention and diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and the best means is intuitive and clear. Some gastrointestinal polyps and early cancer can be cured by minimally invasive treatment under endoscope.

Disadvantages: colonoscopy cannot be used as a large-scale screening method. The inspection cost is higher than the first two inspections; Colonoscopy requires specialized doctors to undergo professional training and long-term practice. The poor degree, the trouble degree of bowel cleaning preparation and the pain degree of inspection process make many people flinch.

Therefore, before colonoscopy, some pre-examination items can be done to screen out the suspicious population of colorectal cancer, improve the positive rate of colonoscopy, and make the subjects worthwhile. However, we can’t refuse colonoscopy because we are afraid of being "exploded". Patients who meet the anesthesia indications can choose painless colonoscopy.

4. Blood tumor index examination

Among tumor markers, such as CEA, CA199, CA242 and CA724 play an important role in the detection of colorectal cancer. In the latest guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer, it is also mentioned that these indicators can be used for auxiliary diagnosis and curative effect judgment of colorectal cancer.

Advantages: simple and easy, blood test.

Disadvantages: The single index of traditional tumor markers can not meet the screening requirements in detection sensitivity and specificity, and there are many influencing factors.

Therefore, multi-index combined detection is one of the principles of tumor markers. Studies have shown that the combined use of CEA, CA199 and fecal occult blood can improve the sensitivity of colorectal cancer to 83.1%, which is much higher than that of single index detection.

5. Tumor gene detection and fecal DNA detection.

Gene detection is a frontier technology for diagnosis of colorectal cancer. By detecting the methylation level of some specific genes in blood or feces free DNA, colorectal cancer screening can be carried out.

Advantages: simple and easy to operate, with higher sensitivity and specificity.

Disadvantages: the detection cost is high, and it is difficult to be used for large-scale population screening of colorectal cancer.

6. Imaging examination, gastrointestinal CT virtual endoscopy

CT virtual colonoscopy (CTC), also called virtual colonoscopy and virtual scene, is a safe and non-invasive colon examination method. Three-dimensional CT examination of the large intestine (CTC) is an ideal alternative when the screening object is unable or unwilling to undergo colonoscopy screening. In short, it is a technique to scan the whole colon in supine position and prone position with multi-slice spiral CT, and then edit and reconstruct the data obtained by photography after image processing, so as to generate three-dimensional images of the intestine and check the potential lesions.

Advantages: the risk of colon perforation is low, the requirement of bowel cleaning is not high, there is no obvious contraindication, the examination time is short, convenient and painless, and the X-ray radiation is lower than that of barium enema examination. For polyps larger than 1 cm, the detection sensitivity is high. At the same time, some extraintestinal lesions can be found.

Disadvantages: CTC is a virtual image, which can not show the true color of intestinal mucosa, nor can it observe the subtle changes of blood vessels and mucosa. The ability to identify shallow concave, slight protuberance and flat lesions is poor; Lesions less than 5mm, or flat lesions with little uplift or with the difference of mucosal color as an important clue can not be judged. It is only an indirect observation of the lesion, and samples cannot be taken for pathological diagnosis or treatment; There is radiation damage; The cost is higher. At present, this method has not been popularized in China.

Its limitations are obvious, and it can’t completely replace the traditional colonoscopy. However, for those friends who really don’t want to do colonoscopy, combining fecal occult blood test (chemical method and immune method) and fecal DNA test can also be used as a temporary means for early cancer screening. However, in order to find early cancer and precancerous lesions, such as adenomatous polyp, flat polyp, etc., traditional colonoscopy is more reliable.

in conclusion

"Chrysanthemum" is no small matter, so don’t be nervous when checking it.

To keep the intestines safe, screening is indispensable!

Authors: Surgery, East China Sanatorium

Attending physician in Zhou Lu

All names and places are pseudonyms, and if there are similarities, it is purely coincidental.

According to Red Star News, Wang Ying is a totally blind girl in Jinghai District of Tianjin. At 4: 40 pm on January 19th, only ten minutes left before the registration system was closed, she finally successfully signed up for the Tianjin Teacher Qualification Examination (written test).

She suffered from congenital glaucoma and was blind at the age of ten. Unfortunately, she was completely blind. She finished primary school and junior high school in a school for the blind, and later taught herself the knowledge of ordinary senior high school and took the adult high school entrance examination. In January 2017, she obtained an undergraduate diploma in social work from the National Open University. In addition, she took part in the self-taught examination of Chinese language and literature major in Beijing Normal University, with a total of 20 or 30 courses and five subjects to be completed.

Wang Ying’s computer and mobile phone are equipped with voice software, and every step of operation will be prompted, so that she can skillfully use electronic equipment. The pictures in this article are all Red Star News WeChat WeChat official account pictures.

She loves literature and dreams of being a Chinese teacher in high school. Her mother also wants her to have a job. The registration, Jinghai District Education Bureau, considering her eyesight, did not agree at first, and she and her mother insisted on finally signing up. But after that, there are still many unknown steps, such as applying for blind papers, interviewing, physical examination …

"If I don’t have the opportunity to participate in the process, how can I know that the result is not acceptable?" Wang Ying is the first blind candidate in Tianjin to register since the teacher qualification examination was included in the national examination. Her plan is to follow the procedure step by step.

“You can’t always say that there is no precedent, you have to fight for it.. "Mom Wu Qingzhi hopes that Wang Ying can be such a" precedent ".

The teacher’s dream of blind girls

I started consulting four years ago and finally signed up this year.

From January 16th to 17: 00 on January 19th, this is the registration time of Tianjin National Primary and Secondary School Teacher Qualification Examination (written examination) in the first half of 2018, and the examination date is March 17th, 2018.

After the registration began, Wang Ying uploaded his own photos, and the audit results showed that the photos were unqualified.

Wang Ying’s registration failed many times, and the audit opinion showed that "the photo was unqualified". Finally, ten minutes before the registration deadline, he finally passed the audit and registered successfully.

On January 17th, Wang Ying and her mother went to the Education Bureau of Jinghai District for consultation. The staff of the Admissions Office said that because she was totally blind, she couldn’t register because she didn’t pass the physical examination. In fact, since 2014, their mother and daughter have been to the Education Bureau for consultation, and they will get such an answer every time.

She wants to apply for a high school Chinese teacher, which requires an undergraduate diploma to qualify. Before she finished her studies in the first few years, she just asked briefly, but now that she has an undergraduate diploma, she thinks she must sign up.

Wang Ying didn’t want to give up. She called Tianjin Education Admissions Examination Institute for consultation.

"It’s not that we restrict you. Even if you pass the written interview, you can’t get the teacher’s qualification certificate if you fail the physical examination. The final result is still the same." The staff of the examination institute answered her.

"This is different. Now it is a process. If I don’t have the opportunity to participate in the process, how can I know that the result is not possible?" Wang Ying said.

The staff of the examination institute consulted and still replied that she couldn’t: "First, we don’t have blind papers, and second, teachers don’t recruit blind people." And once again, I stressed that I can’t pass the physical examination and I can’t get the teacher qualification certificate.

The reporter obtained a schematic diagram of the work flow of Tianjin teacher qualification certification in 2017. According to this process, Wang Ying will face many tests next.

Wang Ying went on to reply that the examination papers or physical examinations for the blind are all things in the future and can’t be stuck in advance. "I just signed up and talked about it later."

"If you can’t take the test then, why do you sign up?" The staff asked.

"That’s the next step. Even if I can’t take the test then, it’s my personal reason." Wang Ying replied.

At 2 o’clock in the afternoon on the 19th, Wang Ying and her mother came to the Education Bureau of Jinghai District again and continued to strive for registration. At 4: 40, there were only ten minutes left before the registration system was closed. After reporting to the superior, the relevant staff of Jinghai District Education Bureau finally signed up Wang Ying.

"I have been grinding there and fighting for opportunities." Mother Wu Qingzhi recalled the situation at that time and breathed a sigh of relief.

There is no restriction on blind people in the application conditions.

The application materials for Braille papers or electronic papers have been mailed out.

Is Wang Ying qualified to register for the teacher qualification examination?

On the China Education Examination website, the reporter found the Announcement of Tianjin National Primary and Secondary School Teachers’ Qualification Examination (Written Examination) in the First Half of 2018, in which nine items were listed in the "Entry Conditions", which stipulated the qualifications, domicile, personnel relationship and other conditions, but did not put forward any related requirements such as prohibiting blind people from entering the examination.

Rui Huang, a lawyer of Henan Zhanzhan Law Firm, told Red Star News that Article 4 of the Regulations on Employment of Disabled Persons stipulates that the state encourages social organizations and individuals to help and support the employment of disabled persons through various channels and forms, and encourages disabled persons to obtain employment through various forms such as job application. Discrimination against disabled people in employment is prohibited, and disabled people should improve their own quality and enhance their employability.

"The regulations prohibit discrimination against disabled people in employment. If blind people are excluded from taking the teacher qualification examination without legal reasons, it is naked discrimination." Rui Huang said.

Successful registration is the first breakthrough, and then Wang Ying will start to plan the examination paper.

The examination time is March 17th, which is less than two months, and there is a Spring Festival holiday in the middle. After consulting lawyer Rui Huang, Wang Ying began to prepare materials quickly and wrote two applications, "one is to apply for an electronic test paper, and the other is to apply for special convenience." She told Red Star News that the application would be printed out after it was written and sent to the examination center of the Ministry of Education.

Wang Ying wrote the application.

It is understood that there are several ways for blind people to take exams: Braille papers, electronic papers or manual reading. On the afternoon of January 24th, Wang Ying and her mother printed the Application Form for Government Information Disclosure and other materials, and mailed them to the Ministry of Education, the Examination Center of the Ministry of Education, the Tianjin Municipal Education Commission and other departments at the post office to apply for Braille papers or electronic papers.

For the next steps, Wang Ying can’t think so far now. What she cares about now is the examination paper. Lawyer Rui Huang introduced that Article 54 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Disabled Persons stipulates that all kinds of entrance examinations, vocational qualification examinations and post-holding examinations held by the state, in which blind people take part, should provide blind people with braille papers and electronic papers or be assisted by specialized staff.

Director of admissions

It is necessary to build a "blind road" and introduce special policies for special groups.

A staff member of Tianjin Education Admissions Examination Institute told Red Star News that in the second half of 2016, the teacher qualification examination was changed from the provincial examination to the national examination. After the national examination, the examination institute began to undertake related work, and Wang Ying was the first blind person to register.

"There should be more appeals and special measures should be taken for this special group." A director of the Admissions Office of the Education Bureau of Jinghai District, surnamed Liu, told Red Star News that at first, they thought that Wang Ying’s physical examination would definitely be a hard time, so they didn’t let her apply. Later, they saw that she really insisted. After asking the Tianjin Education Admissions Examination Institute, they agreed, and then they only said it step by step.

Director Liu introduced that there were also blind candidates who wanted to sign up for the teacher qualification examination before, but they were all discouraged because there were still vacancies in this area. "Just like blind people walking, let them go blind, but only if there is a blind road. If you let them walk on the normal road, they will definitely bump into each other and often violate traffic rules. "

Director Liu believes that this is not only a problem in Jinghai District or Tianjin. It is necessary to appeal to relevant departments to introduce special policies for special groups, because there are a series of procedures such as interview, physical examination and qualification recognition after the written test. "It is like building a blind road for them, and it will be unimpeded. If they are allowed to squeeze in ordinary people, they will be hit harder in the future."

Wang Ying reads books in Braille.

Executive Vice Chairman of China Blind Association

Disabled people are eligible to take the national examination, but there are many difficulties in practice.

Li Qingzhong, executive vice chairman of the China Association for the Blind, told Red Star News that there have been many successful cases of blind or visually impaired people becoming teachers at home and abroad, and they also have unique value. "For example, if a blind child is disobedient, an ordinary teacher will criticize it. It may make him rebellious, and blind teachers are more able to confide."

According to Li Qingzhong, according to relevant laws and regulations, disabled people are eligible to take national examinations, including college entrance examination, judicial examination, civil service examination, teacher qualification examination, etc. However, there are many difficulties in actual operation in various places, and even if they pass the examination, the physical examination standard is a great obstacle for them.

In the Education Bureau of Jinghai District, the reporter saw a printed "Tianjin Teacher Qualification Examination Standard", which showed:

Apply for the qualification of kindergarten and primary school teachers, with reference to the relevant provisions of the "secondary normal school enrollment physical examination standards"; Apply for the qualification of junior middle school teachers and above, with reference to the relevant provisions of the "higher normal school enrollment physical examination standards". The former stipulates that the sum of corrected visual acuity of both eyes is less than 5.0, and the latter is that the corrected visual acuity of both eyes is less than 5.0.

According to this standard, those whose corrected visual acuity is less than 5.0 in both eyes cannot be admitted.

Present situation of blind teachers

Both schools for the blind and ordinary schools have blind teachers.

Li Qingzhong told Red Star News that there are blind teachers in ordinary schools and schools for the blind, mostly in schools for the blind. There is no official statistics on the number of these blind teachers. However, there are nearly 100 blind teachers in a "group of blind teachers in national schools for the blind" he added. "There may be some others that we don’t know." According to Li Qingzhong, there are about 30 specialized schools for the blind in China.

Li Qingzhong introduced that most of the blind teachers in ordinary schools are blind halfway, such as Yang Jia, a professor at the Graduate School of China Academy of Sciences, and Fu Minghui, a professor at Sun Yat-sen University. "They were blind when they were very young, and then they made great contributions and proved to be competent for that job."

The blind teachers in blind schools, in addition to being blind halfway through the teacher qualification, were also blind before teaching, but they went to work in advance and obtained the teacher qualification after they were sure to be competent.

Wang Ying’s reading machine, if she wants to read ordinary books, she needs to scan pages into an electronic version, then use software to identify the words on the electronic version of the picture, convert them into documents, copy the documents into the reading machine, and read them out by voice.

Lv Min is a blind teacher in Anqing Special Education School. He was completely blind at the age of 12 due to traumatic retinal detachment, and then he was selected to enter the school. "We didn’t implement the teacher qualification certificate until many years after we joined the work, so we are a natural transition."

Lv Min told Red Star News that two young blind teachers who entered the school more than ten years ago passed the examination and obtained the teacher qualification, but at that time, the school came forward to communicate and got the certificate according to special circumstances. "It is difficult to coordinate the implementation of the national unified examination now, which is not something that schools can do."

A teacher from Tianjin School for the Visually Impaired told Red Star News that there are more than 50 teachers in the school, most of whom have normal vision or slightly low vision. There is only one teacher who is totally blind, which came more than 20 years ago. "Maybe it was not so strict at that time." Now, basically only normal vision can come in.

Beijing school for the blind is also in a similar situation. A teacher of the school told Red Star News that there are no completely blind teachers in the school, and a few of them have low vision. "They are all of a certain age, and they also met the relevant conditions at that time. It is not clear how they obtained the teacher qualification certificate before." The teacher introduced that if you want to enter the school as a teacher through public recruitment, including entering the Beijing School for the Blind, you must have a teacher qualification certificate, otherwise you will not be able to work.

"Recently, our China Blind Association also communicated with the Ministry of Education through the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and other departments, and put forward several requirements in writing, such as providing blind papers in some exams." Li Qingzhong said, firstly, we should strive to promote the admission of blind people into the teaching staff, and secondly, we should promote the amendment of laws and regulations. If a series of standards are not changed, it will be difficult for blind people to become teachers now.

"Dreamcatcher" in the dark

Take down the pages of the textbook, scan it and convert it into "lectures"

Wang Ying’s online name is "Dream Chaser". For more than twenty years, she has been doggedly following her dreams.

After finishing junior high school, because there were no ordinary high school courses in blind schools, Wang Ying had to study acupuncture, massage and other majors again. She didn’t like it, so she chose to drop out of school, teach herself ordinary high school courses and read a lot of books on literature, history and philosophy.

Besides Braille books, she needs to read many ordinary textbooks or books, and this process is tedious.

Wang Ying reviewed the textbooks for the teacher qualification examination. The textbooks were dismantled and every page could be taken down.

She needs to tear down the pages of ordinary textbooks, scan them into picture format with a scanner, then identify the words on the pictures with software and convert them into documents, and then copy the documents into a reading machine and read them out by voice. Recently, her reading machine broke down and she listened to it on the computer. "Some words can’t be recognized, and you have to type them by hand. It’s hard." Mom Wu Qingzhi said.

Wang Ying studies at home every day. Her computer and mobile phone are equipped with voice software, and there will be voice prompts at every operation step. With such assistance, she can skillfully operate electronic equipment. She writes articles, sends photos in qq space, and sends friends with WeChat. She added some friends to WeChat and qq, entered some groups, and the text and expression voice software sent by the other party would be read.

"If you send a picture, you will be prompted to have a picture, but I don’t know what the picture is." Wang Ying said.

There is a thick stack of award certificates, and I like to develop the photos of my visit into a book.

Wang Ying has a thick stack of award certificates. She has a wide range of interests. When she was a child, she liked to participate in various competitions such as recitation, speech, hosting and cross talk. Later, she mainly focused on literature and published her works in newspapers and magazines.

Wang Ying and her honorary certificate.

In 2006, she won the silver medal in recitation in the fourth national children’s artistic style exhibition competition; In 2007, after domestic selection, she went to Russia with more than a dozen other youth representatives to participate in the performance of the Sino-Russian Cultural Exchange Year and won the title of "Art Angel of Sino-Russian Friendly Exchange"; In 2015, she won the first prize of the first National Prose Competition for the Blind, and participated in TV programs such as Good Chinese Poetry and Tang Poetry.

She likes to travel, sometimes accompanied by her mother and sometimes attending summer camps. She developed many photos of her visit and made them into photo albums.

Wang Ying’s visual memory of the world is very vague, and she only has a little impression of the moon. She also has no visual concept of various colors, but she can describe them by imagination.

"For example, pink is a dreamy and romantic feeling." Wang Ying said.　

Original title: The blind girl successfully registered for the national examination of teacher qualification certificate, but the written test, interview and physical examination are all difficult problems.

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

I. Basic information of the project

Purchase ItemNo. of the original announcement:/　　　　　　

Name of the original announced procurement project: public bidding announcement of basic operation and maintenance service project of toll road networking toll ministerial system of road network monitoring and emergency disposal center of Ministry of Transport.　　　　　　

Date of first announcement: April 18, 2025　　　　　　

Second, correct the information

Correction: procurement documents

Corrected content:

The fifth chapter of the tender documents Technical standards and requirements》Second, the service content,The original content is:

2.2 Cloud platform software update service
Cloud platform software update service
1. The underlying software of the cloud platform: tenant version _ software, CSB cloud service bus professional version _ software, CS computing cluster _ software, flexible function _ software, resource scheduling ROS_ software, VPC standard version _ software, SLB standard version _ software, proprietary cloud management platform software, proprietary cloud unified operation and maintenance software software license update and technical support.
2. Database storage software: AnalyticDB vector lightweight localized output _ software, OSS high-density and high-security version _ software, ECS block storage-high-efficiency cloud disk version (new) _ software, ADS standard version _ software, cloud database kvstore (compatible with Redis and Memcache)_ software, DRDS enterprise platinum version _ software, DRDS enterprise platinum version expansion package _ software.
3. Security support software: database security audit _ software license update and technical support, Yundun-basic components, bastion machine, cloud security management center (SOC), DDoS cleaning, network traffic detection and response (ISW), Anknight Advanced Edition, cloud firewall, Web application firewall, situational awareness _ software license update and technical support, network traffic detection and response (CSW)_ software and vulnerabilities.
4. Data supporting software: data management _for_ads_, _for_drds_, _for_rds_ software license update and technical support.
5. Middleware: Message Queuing (MQ) Platinum Edition _ Software, DataV- Product Base-Standard Edition _ Software, DNS Standard Edition _ Software License Update and Technical Support.
6. Data synchronization: DTS data synchronization _ software, ASR remote disaster recovery version _ software license update and technical support

　

After the change, the content is:

2.2 Cloud platform software update service
1. Complete the version upgrade of the cloud platform in Beijing Center of the existing network, formulate a detailed upgrade plan, provide the upgrade package of the existing cloud platform cloud products, carry out upgrade planning, and finally complete the implementation and delivery of the upgrade, so as to realize the verification of the results of the version upgrade of the cloud platform, including the functional verification of test resource creation, VPC network, ECS instance, SLB instance, OSS instance, RDS instance, Redis instance, etc., and ensure the upgrade archiving, residual application cleaning, etc., and provide a rollback plan.
2. Complete the version upgrade of the cloud platform in Nanjing Center of the existing network, realize the data synchronization between Beijing and Nanjing Center, formulate detailed upgrade plans, provide upgrade packages for existing cloud platforms, carry out upgrade planning, and finally complete the implementation and delivery of the upgrade, so as to verify the results of the version upgrade of the cloud platform, including the functional verification of test resource creation, VPC network, ECS instance, SLB instance, OSS instance, RDS instance and Redis instance, and ensure the upgrade archiving and residual application.

The deadline for submission of bid documents and the time for bid opening in Chapter I Tender Announcement and Chapter II Instructions to Bidders are changed from "9: 30 on May 9, 2025" to "9: 30 on May 21, 2025"; The submission time of bidding documents was changed from "9: 00 to 9: 30 on May 9, 2025" to "9: 00 to 9: 30 on May 21, 2025".

Date of correction: May 7, 2025　

Iii. Other supplementary matters

4. If you have any questions about the contents of this announcement, please contact us in the following ways.

1. Purchaser information

Name: Road Network Monitoring and Emergency Disposal Center of Ministry of Transport　　　　　

Address: 21st Floor, Block A, Sinotrans Building, Building 8, anding road No.5 Courtyard, Chaoyang District, Beijing.　　　　　　　　

Contact information: Mr. He, 010-65299317　　　　　　

2. Purchasing agency information

Name: Huajie Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd.　　　　　　　　　　　　

Address: Room 1101, Century Xingyuan Building, No.20 Anyuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing　　　　　　　　　　　　

Contact: Mr. Meng and Ms. Chen 010-64997373　　　　　　　　　　　　

3. Contact information of the project

Project Contact: Chen Hongmei

Tel: 010-64997373

　

　

Robotaxi, fire and theft prevention "construction site". Waymo fell.

The North American regulatory authorities have just opened an investigation into Waymo unmanned vehicles, because they received a series of related accident reports.

Some hit parked cars on the side of the road, some hit static obstacles, blocked traffic … and an unusual high-frequency scene:construction site.

In about three months, Waymo accumulated and reported 22 accidents, which attracted the attention of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

According to NHTSA documents, these accidents include collisions between Waymo unmanned vehicles and static and semi-static objects (such as doors), collisions with parked vehicles and violations of traffic safety control devices.

Among them, the official special explanation of "violation of traffic safety control devices" is a key investigation direction, and a typical scene isAbility of automatic driving system to detect and identify traffic cones/ice cream cones.

This point is rare. Because many of the 22 accidents reported this time involve the same scene- construction site.

For example, last month,Waymo Robotaxi with 6 vehicles in formation.After work, I went back to the parking lot. As a result, I encountered temporary traffic control at the construction site and was directly stuck in the temporary traffic area surrounded by ice cream cones, causing traffic congestion for about half an hour.

Netizens with local life experience immediately recognized that this is the ramp at No.101 Potrero Avenue in San Francisco, where the Waymo unmanned vehicle was stuck, which happened to be the high-speed entrance.

Finally, it was the driver’s brother on the road who directly got off the driver to move the ice cream cone, and the team behind him bypassed several "paralyzed" unmanned vehicles in turn.

Waymo made a simple statement to the effect that people were sent to the scene to move the car within 30 minutes, without causing any casualties or property losses, and will cooperate with the investigation later.

But in the construction site of Phoenix, it is not so lucky.

The same Waymo unmanned vehicle ignored the construction area surrounded by the ice cream cone and rushed directly into the construction site.

Fortunately, the speed was not fast enough to hit people, but the vehicle itself and the construction site suffered losses to varying degrees.

There are many accidents like this. Every time an unmanned vehicle "rushes into the construction site", it will go viral on the Internet.

The netizen summed it up vividly:The traffic cone is Robotaxi’s kryptonite.Now, the miraculous automatic driving will be finished if it meets the traffic cone on the closed road.

Huh? It doesn’t seem to be the same as the video officially shown by Waymo.

Waymo The fifth generation autopilot system bypasses the construction area.It has been specifically analyzed as a technical highlight.

In the official Demo, the scene faced by unmanned vehicles is more complicated, except for traffic cones, irregular areas and workers walking back and forth.

Of course, the Waymo unmanned vehicle completed a series of evasive and detour actions effortlessly and successfully passed the construction area:

What is amazing here is that the Waymo unmanned vehicle seems to be able to understand the body language of human traffic command, let it stop and let it go, not just based on road conditions.

How did you do that? Maya Kabkab, the engineer in charge of the prediction algorithm of Waymo, briefly explained to the effect that in the fifth generation technology, Waymo strengthened the ability to understand different objects and targets and the ability to identify passable areas, which enabled the system to plan the passable route better.

The core is to replace CNN with a new model, VectorNet, to extract sensor and high-precision map information.

To put it simply, high-precision maps and sensor input information are represented as points, polygons or curves, while VectorNet represents all road features and trajectories of other objects as corresponding vectors. Based on this simplified view, VectorNet can extract the information of each vector and learn the relationship between different vectors.

The advantage is that VectorNet takes up less computing resources than CNN, produces results faster, and theoretically can extract key scene information more clearly.

But VectorNet still has no core to solve the "construction site" problem-

The "construction site" itself is an exception to high-precision maps.It is impossible to update synchronously, and it can only be sensed by sensors in real time.

However, the data of sensors are transmitted among different sub-models in turn, so it is difficult to completely avoid information loss.

Robotaxi is frequently stuck in the construction site, and the direct reason is the false detection of traffic cones and alien objects.

The underlying reason is thatThe upper limit and ceiling of the existing capacity of the traditional autonomous driving technology paradigmIt is difficult to cover all corner case on the road.

Therefore, whether the construction site can be avoided smoothly has become a probabilistic event: the official Demo has been carefully tested and repeated, which is no problem; If you only measure it on the road, you can only eat according to the weather.

"Never decide quantum mechanics when something happens" is a ridicule.

However, in the field of autonomous driving, if something is undecided, it is indeed possible to "end-to-end".

The so-called "end-to-end" is aimed at the traditional technology paradigm, in which the perception, decision-making, regulation and control of autonomous driving are independent of each other. The data collected by the sensor needs to pass through this series of different algorithm modules before it can finally become an operation instruction.

The information between each independent module is transmitted step by step. In this process, there will inevitably be information loss and errors, and the errors of the previous module will affect the next one, and the information errors between multiple modules will continue to accumulate, thus affecting the overall effect of the automatic driving scheme.

Whether it is pure visual perception or fusion perception, the root of "false detection and missed detection" is here.

Of course, there is also a corresponding solution, that is, through the rules of human handwriting, try to patch it to improve the reliability of perceptual recognition. For example, you can recognize cars and people, but you can’t recognize "people standing in front of cars". That’s easy. Why don’t you just build a separate data set for such targets and use it to train the model?

This is the so-called perceptual "white list" mechanism.

But the problem is that it is difficult to enumerate all kinds of traffic targets and scenes. This time, the problem of "people in front of the car" has been solved, but what if the car changes from a passenger car to a big truck? Or does a person become an adult and take care of children?

The same is true for Robotaxi’s construction site problem. The construction site may appear temporarily and refresh randomly, and it will not limit the area and time, and the construction and construction roadblocks of each construction site are different …

Therefore, a new algorithm paradigm-end-to-end algorithm model is needed to realize the lossless transmission of information from the beginning of perception and make the system truly understand the environment.

The two terminals refer to the data input terminal and the instruction output terminal respectively, and the middle is no longer divided into several independent modules.

The end-to-end model can transfer and generalize its learned abilities and skills to other scenes through a completely data-driven mode, independently and efficiently solve all kinds of new long tail problems in the berthing scene, have faster iterative efficiency and effectively reduce the cost of opening a city.

In layman’s terms, it is to let AI Division learn the mature driving behavior of human beings, see a scene and make corresponding countermeasures. In fact, "end-to-end" has touched the threshold of AGI.

In 2016, the end-to-end model was first proposed by NVIDIA. But the real mass production practice began in these two years. At present, only Tesla’s FSD and China’s AI players’ CVPR 2023 best papers-UniAD.

The Smart Car Reference also asked the opinions of the two domestic self-driving head players about the construction site problems encountered by Waymo.

Horizon from the perspective of engineering practice, think:

AutopilotSite problems and end-to-end technology paradigms are not bound.. Theoretically speaking, the problem can also be solved if the perception ability is strong enough and the perception white list is rich enough.

But obviously, end-to-end autonomous learning ability and humanoid thinking will solve this problem on a larger scale and more efficiently.

And Shang Tang’s view is more from the "first principle", and the relevant technical experts of Jueying Zhijia think:

Do not evaluate specific case. However, the perception of the traditional rule-based intelligent driving scheme still artificially defines the elements and abstracts the perceived information, which will lead to the loss and omission of the information transmission process and make it difficult for the perceptual decision-making module to make correct decisions. End-to-end is a neural network, which can input and transmit the information of the external environment without loss, understand the external traffic environment more accurately and completely, and make plans and decisions.

The rule scheme can solve a scenario by adding rules and patches. But there is not only one such scene, it is infinite. With enough data for learning and training, the end-to-end solution can think and drive like a human and solve more similar corner case by itself.

To sum up, Horizon and Shang Tang have different expressions, but the core is the same, and they all agree.End-to-end is the most effective way to solve Robotaxi site problems.. At the same time, it is the most efficient way to solve all kinds of long tail problems of autonomous driving.

By the way, I put forward UniAD’s CVPR 2023 best paper, which was written by scholars from Horizon and Shang Tang.

End-to-end innovation of traditional technology paradigm has given all players new opportunities: better intelligent driving experience, lower maintenance and generalization costs, and more competitive cost of autonomous driving scheme.

However, the price is the modular and rule-driven technical system in the past, which must be overthrown and reconstructed.

Waymo, the absolute leader of autonomous driving in the past, is now caught in the dilemma of "construction site", which further proves that the track of autonomous driving is "water is impermanent and soldiers are unpredictable":

Old stars may have their advantages reset to zero, and "latecomers" will also gain the lead.