Is it a good thing that children are fat？ How many misunderstandings are hidden in childhood obesity？

    Among the 18 children patients, there are 15 emaciated children and only 3 obese children. This is the patient’s condition that Xia Lulu, the attending physician of the Clinical Nutrition Department of Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, attended one day. However, if we turn our attention to the inpatient ward, the proportion will be reversed, and there are more children hospitalized because of complications caused by obesity in the ward.

    Xia Lulu said: "This is a phenomenon worthy of attention. Clinically, children’s obesity will cause more diseases and harm than emaciation, but parents are more concerned about the influence of children’s emaciation on height. "

    The 8-year-old Huihui is 1.29 meters tall, but her weight has reached 40 kilograms, which belongs to the category of obesity. Because the body mass index (BMI) is not up to standard, which affects the sports performance, the school requires "calling parents". Huihui was taken care of by her grandmother when she was a child. Grandma took Huihui to the hospital and asked inexplicably, "Huihui’s chubby figure and cheerful and optimistic personality are loved everywhere. When you are fat as a child, you will naturally lose weight when you grow up. Will it affect your health if your child starts to lose weight at such a young age? "

   Is it a good thing that children are fat?

    "Childhood obesity can be complicated with fatty liver, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, obstructive sleep apnea, precocious puberty, etc., and severe cases can also lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and type II diabetes. Studies have shown that obese children have a higher risk of advanced bone age, and advanced bone age may lead to children’s growth. " Referring to the harm of childhood obesity, Xia Lulu said with concern: "Fat children may also be discriminated against and have psychological barriers such as inferiority complex."

    According to the Report on Nutrition and Chronic Diseases of Residents in China issued by the National Health and Wellness Commission in 2020, the overweight and obesity rates of urban and rural residents of all age groups in China are on the rise, among which the overweight and obesity rates of adult residents have exceeded 50%, children and adolescents aged 6-17 are close to 20%, and children under 6 have reached 10%. This report predicts that by 2030, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in China will reach 65.3%, among which the proportion among school-age children and adolescents will reach 31.8% and preschool children will reach 15.6%.

    In 2020, the Notice on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of Obesity Prevention and Control for Children and Adolescents issued by the General Offices of the National Health and Wellness Commission, the Ministry of Education, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the General Administration of Sports, the Central Office of the Communist Youth League and the All-China Women’s Federation mentioned that overweight and obesity has become an important public health problem affecting the physical and mental health of children and adolescents in China. In order to improve the health level and literacy of children and adolescents, the government, society and individuals should take multiple measures and cooperate closely. In 2020-2030, the average annual growth rate of overweight and obesity rate of children and adolescents aged 0-18 should be reduced by 70% on the basis of the baseline, laying the foundation for the ultimate realization of zero growth of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents.

    Obesity in children is more harmful than "getting fat in middle age". Childhood obesity is one of the risk factors for adult obesity and various complications, and the risk probability of children suffering from chronic diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases and metabolic diseases, increases in adulthood.

    In recent years, with the inclusion of BMI index in sports scores in many provinces, parents began to pay attention to their children’s height and weight, but there are also many misunderstandings that need to be clarified.

   Fat children don’t eat too well, they just eat too badly.

    Jojo was also brought to the nutrition department by her mother because her BMI was not up to standard. After being diagnosed as obese, Jojo’s mother said that the child was eating too well and was overnourished.

    When Xia Lulu heard this, he immediately corrected: "In a broad sense, children who are overweight and obese, too emaciated and lack of micronutrients are all malnourished. Children who are overweight and obese are indeed eaten, but they are not eating too well, precisely because they are not eating well and are not balanced. "

    Obesity is mainly divided into simple obesity without disease factors and secondary obesity with disease factors (pathological obesity). Secondary obesity is caused by pituitary dysfunction, hypothyroidism or drugs. Simple obesity is caused by the interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors, including unbalanced diet, too little exercise, too little sleep and emotional neglect.

    According to Xia Lulu, 95% of obese children in outpatient clinics are simple obese. Excessive total energy intake and unreasonable diet structure are the important reasons leading to overweight and obesity in children.

    Simply put, most children’s obesity comes from eating, not eating too well, but eating too much and unbalanced nutrition.

    Xia Lulu’s feeling in outpatient service is supported by the data of scientific research papers. According to the results of "Status and Evaluation of Main Food Intake of Children Aged 6-17 in China in 2016-2017", most children aged 6-17 in China have sufficient or even excessive intake of grain, livestock and poultry meat; Insufficient intake of whole grains and miscellaneous beans, fresh vegetables, fresh fruits, fish and shrimp, milk and its products, nuts and soybeans. In other words, most school-age children in China eat too much staple food and meat.

    Children’s nutritional imbalance is mostly due to the unreasonable family diet structure. Most of these families have the following problems in their diet: skipping breakfast, irregular meals, often eating high-energy-intensive foods such as meat, sugary drinks and fried foods, and insufficient food diversity in their diet.

    Children can’t lose weight without the supervision of their parents. "The child itself is a blank sheet of paper. The key depends on how you teach. Through daily outpatient contact with patients, you can find that parents teach well and children lose weight quickly; If parents don’t teach well, children can’t lose weight at all. "

    Three years ago, by chance, Yan Qiushi took his child to the hospital and was told by the doctor that the child was overweight, and being overweight was likely to affect his future performance. This parent who has always advocated "stocking" children is indifferent to this, and even laughs at himself as a mountain on the road to losing weight. At the beginning of this year, because of his work, Yan Qiushi came into contact with a child nutrition expert, and only then did he realize that childhood obesity has so many hazards. Yan Qiushi, who made up her mind, took her children to the nutrition department of the hospital to customize the exclusive weight loss plan. Within one month, the child lost nearly 10 pounds.

   Waist-to-height ratio, body mass index and body fat rate comprehensively judge whether obesity is present or not.

    When talking about the parents of children who come to the nutrition department for registration, Xia Lulu thinks that a common problem is: "They have never been able to correctly judge their children’s current physical condition and nutritional health, and they are either too anxious or too careless." Xia Lulu said, "When it comes to obesity, many people think of weight, and think that weight is the main basis for judging obesity. In fact, it is not possible to judge whether children are obese only by naked eye observation. "

    Correctly judging whether a child is overweight or obese is the first step to help children achieve a scientific and nutritious diet and maintain a healthy weight.

    The determination of children’s obesity should refer to the scientific basis, and at least three factors should be considered when judging: the ratio of waist circumference to height, body mass index and body fat rate.

    Body mass index (BMI) is widely used in the world to judge whether a person is lean, normal or obese. The calculation formula of BMI is: weight (kg)÷ the square of height (m). If the BMI is greater than the 95th percentile of children of the same age and sex, it belongs to obesity. That is to say, if the BMI index of 100 children of the same age and sex is arranged from high to low, the top five are obese.

    In addition, we can also refer to waist-to-height ratio and body fat rate to judge whether a child is obese. For children over 6 years old, the ideal waist-to-height (cm) value should be less than 0.46. The body fat rate of boys and girls under 12 years old should be less than 20%, and the body fat rate of girls over 12 years old should be less than 25%. If it exceeds the above range, it belongs to obesity.

    For overweight and obese children, weight loss should be "shut up" and "open your legs" like adults.

    When Haoyu and his parents came to the Nutrition Department, they were similar in size and wore two layers of "swimming rings" on their bellies. Xia Lulu told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network, "This is very common. What parents usually eat, children will follow. In the long run, children will grow into a body shape with their parents."

    After Haoyu was diagnosed with obesity, Xia Lulu recommended the weight loss training camp to Haoyu’s parents, but Haoyu’s father refused. Afterwards, Haoyu’s father said: "This kind of weight-loss summer camp is to throw children in and starve. I can’t bear to part with it. Besides, it is also hungry. We are hungry for our children at home and lose weight. "

    Xia Lulu said, this is another common misunderstanding of parents of obese children. "Children can’t just rely on hunger to lose weight. It is very unscientific to rely solely on dieting to lose weight. Dieting will have a very bad effect on children during their growth and development. "

   The cultivation of health concept should start with dolls.

    Xia Lulu said that children who need to lose weight should first change their eating habits and slow down their eating. In the daily diet, the staple food should pay attention to the collocation of thickness, and coarse grains can account for 1/3 of the staple food intake; Mix meat and vegetables, try to choose high quality and high protein meat, and eat more vegetables every meal; Yogurt, nuts, beans, raw vegetables, fruits, etc. can be used as children’s snacks, but it should be noted that the number of snacks should not exceed 3 times a day, and the amount should not be too much; Try not to eat foods high in oil, sugar and calories. At the same time, scientific weight loss is definitely not achieved overnight, and the diet structure should be improved according to the law of decreasing.

    Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as long-distance running, swimming, skipping rope and kicking the ball is very beneficial to control children’s obesity. Studies show that adhering to a healthy lifestyle at the age of 4 will reduce the risk of overweight, obesity and abdominal obesity at the age of 7, and lifestyle intervention can improve the cardiovascular outcome of obesity in children and adolescents.

    To achieve the goal of Healthy China 2030, to prevent and control the occurrence and development of obesity-related chronic diseases in China, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and hypertension, and to reduce the premature death caused by chronic diseases, we must start from controlling the obesity of children and adolescents.

    Every time a child over 7 years old suffers from malnutrition in outpatient service, Xia Lulu will not only answer the parents’ doubts, but also take pains to explain the dangers of malnutrition and how to do it correctly and scientifically in sentences that children can understand.

    "Children are very reasonable and most receptive to new ideas. Healthy living is actually the result of the influence of ideas on behavior. The indoctrination of health concept awareness needs to start from the doll. " Xia Lulu said. (In order to protect the privacy of minors, Wen Huihui, Qiu Qiu and Hao Yu are all pseudonyms) (trainee reporter Tan Sijing)

Increase support for the real economy. In 2019, the scale of bank bond issuance increased significantly.

　　On the one hand, banks can consolidate their capital strength and improve their ability to resist risks; On the other hand, it will help to improve the capital adequacy ratio and increase support for the real economy. In the future, small and medium-sized banks may get differentiated policy support in issuing preferred shares and perpetual bonds — —

　　Recently, with the continuous support of the policy, the issuance of capital supplementary bonds by small and medium-sized commercial banks has accelerated, and the demand for bond issuance by large commercial banks has also rebounded near the end of the year. The latest data shows that the number and scale of bonds issued by commercial banks increased significantly in November, and the total amount of bonds issued remained at a high level. In terms of issuance structure, commercial banks issued a total of 21 bonds in November, including 4 perpetual bonds and 9 secondary capital bonds.

　　Recently, Taizhou Bank and Huishang Bank successively issued perpetual bonds in the national inter-bank bond market. Among them, the first bond issue of Taizhou Bank is 1.6 billion yuan, which is the first perpetual bond issued by a city commercial bank in China. According to statistics, the issuance scale of perpetual bonds, subordinated bonds and convertible bonds of large, medium and small banks has increased significantly this year compared with previous years.

　　Banks are enthusiastic about issuing bonds.

　　In January this year, China Bank publicly issued 40 billion yuan of open-ended capital bonds in the inter-bank market, which filled the gap in the perpetual bond market of commercial banks in China.

　　The successful issuance of perpetual bonds by China Bank provides a model for subsequent commercial banks to issue non-fixed-term capital bonds, and also broadens the channels for commercial banks to supplement other Tier 1 capital instruments. Subsequently, Agricultural Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Huaxia Bank, Minsheng Bank, China CITIC Bank, etc. also successively issued perpetual bonds, among which Agricultural Bank of China issued the largest amount of 120 billion yuan.

　　Perpetual bond refers to a kind of bond issued by financial institutions and non-financial enterprises, which does not stipulate the maturity period, the issuer has no obligation to repay the principal and the investor can obtain interest permanently according to the coupon interest. When the issuer goes bankrupt, the order of repayment is after depositors, general creditor’s rights and subordinated debts.

　　"For banking financial institutions, especially small and medium-sized banks, there is a great pressure to replenish capital at present. On the one hand, banks can consolidate their capital strength and improve their ability to resist risks; On the other hand, it will help improve the capital adequacy ratio and increase support for the real economy. " Wen Bin, chief researcher of China Minsheng Bank, said.

　　There are two main channels for bank capital replenishment: one is endogenous funds that rely on their own profits; The other is through IPO and issuing capital to supplement bonds and other exogenous channels. Dong Ximiao, chief researcher of Xinwang Bank and distinguished researcher of National Finance and Development Laboratory, said, "China’s commercial banks have long relied on common stock financing as the main way to supplement foreign capital. Considering the current market environment, relevant departments in China should increase policy support, encourage commercial banks to expand other tier 1 capital instruments and qualified tier 2 capital instruments, such as preferred stocks, perpetual bonds and convertible bonds, and establish a long-term mechanism for capital replenishment. "

　　At the same time, with the slowdown of the banking industry’s profit growth, the increase of provision requirements and the limitation of endogenous capital replenishment, it is more urgent and necessary to implement exogenous capital replenishment. "The issuance of perpetual bonds and preferred shares by banks are innovative capital replenishment tools, which not only helps to enhance the banking industry’s ability to serve the real economy, but also helps to optimize the bank’s capital structure." Wen Bin said.

　　Small and medium-sized banks receive policy support.

　　"Focus on supporting small and medium-sized banks to replenish capital", "At present, focus on supporting small and medium-sized banks to replenish capital through multiple channels, optimize capital structure, and enhance their ability to serve the real economy and resist risks" and "enhance the capital strength of commercial banks, especially small and medium-sized banks through multiple channels" … … From the eighth meeting of the State Council Financial Stability and Development Committee held at the end of September to the ninth and tenth meetings held in November, the supplementary capital of small and medium-sized banks was mentioned.

　　Wen Bin pointed out, "For small and medium-sized banks, the pressure of replenishing capital is greater and the demand is more urgent. Recently, the regulatory authorities have issued a series of policies to encourage and support small and medium-sized banks to replenish capital through various channels, including encouraging qualified small and medium-sized banks to go public for financing and lowering the threshold for small and medium-sized banks to issue preferred shares and perpetual bonds." In his view, for small and medium-sized banks, these methods have a positive effect on improving capital strength, enhancing anti-risk ability and increasing support for the real economy.

　　In July this year, the regulatory authorities issued the Guiding Opinions on Supplementing Tier 1 Capital by Issuing Preferred Shares by Commercial Banks (Revised), which relaxed the restrictions on unlisted commercial banks (mainly small and medium-sized banks) supplementing other Tier 1 capital by issuing preferred shares. On November 7, Taizhou Bank was approved to issue perpetual bonds of no more than 5 billion yuan. In the eyes of the industry, this has released a major signal that the regulatory authorities support small and medium-sized banks to replenish capital. "Overall, as a supplementary tool for tier-one capital of banks, small and medium-sized banks may obtain differentiated policy support in issuing preferred shares and perpetual bonds in the future." Wang Qing, chief macro analyst of Oriental Jincheng, said.

　　"Since the beginning of this year, in the context of the continuous promotion of strict financial supervision, the risk release of individual small and medium-sized banks, including Baoshang Bank, has become a major concern of the regulatory authorities. In addition, represented by some rural commercial banks, some small and medium-sized banks have greater pressure on capital replenishment. " Wang Qing said.

　　Debt issuance will continue next year.

　　Capital is the ultimate means for commercial banks to absorb losses and resist risks. According to the Capital Management Measures of Commercial Banks (Trial), the core tier-one capital adequacy ratio, tier-one capital adequacy ratio and capital adequacy ratio of commercial banks are 7.5%, 8.5% and 10.5% respectively, while the capital requirements of domestic systemically important banks are 8.5%, 9.5% and 11.5% respectively.

　　"The proportion of other Tier 1 capital in China’s commercial banks is obviously low, and the other Tier 1 capital adequacy ratio of city commercial banks and rural commercial banks is significantly lower than the average." Ceng Gang, deputy director of the National Financial Development Laboratory, said that at present, the main ways for commercial banks to replenish Tier 1 capital include perpetual bonds and preferred shares. Affected by the increase of default events in the bond market and the rise of credit premium, there are still some thresholds and obstacles in the approval, market acceptance and pricing of perpetual bonds issued by small and medium-sized banks due to their low subject rating.

　　Looking forward to the market outlook, many market participants said in an interview with reporters that it is expected that the issuance of perpetual bonds, secondary capital bonds and convertible bonds by banks will continue next year. "The overall liquidity of the market will be abundant next year, and it is expected that the market interest rate will fall back, which will help reduce the cost of issuing bonds by banks." Wen Bin said that although banks with different credit ratings will have certain differences in spreads, on the whole, the market demand for bank bond issuance will remain large next year.

　　At the same time, Yin Haicheng, an analyst with Oriental Jincheng Financial Business Department, said that it is expected that perpetual bonds will gradually change from "emergency blood supplement" to "normal issuance" and become a routine means of bank capital management. He also suggested that in the above process, relevant laws and regulations on perpetual bonds of commercial banks should be promulgated, which should be stipulated in terms of issuance conditions, issuance and approval processes, and information disclosure requirements; At the same time, promote the participation of diversified investors, including applying to the National Social Security Fund Council for approval of social security funds to participate in investment, strengthening communication with clients, including varieties in the enterprise annuity investment list, and further liberalizing the conditions for insurance funds to invest in perpetual bonds.

Humanoid robot Meta-Universe Quantum Science and Technology 6G R&D Authority Forward-looking Layout Future Industry

CCTV News:"Accelerate the layout of frontier areas such as humanoid robots, metauniverses, and quantum technology, and comprehensively promote the research and development of 6G technology." On March 1st, the State Council Office held a series of press conferences on the theme of "Opening words by authoritative departments", introducing "accelerating new industrialization, becoming stronger and better, and expanding the real economy". When answering questions, Jin Zhuanglong, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said that to build a modern industrial system, we should transform and upgrade traditional industries, consolidate and extend advantageous industries, cultivate and expand emerging industries, and lay out future industries in a forward-looking way.

Jin Zhuanglong introduced that the manufacturing industry is the foundation of the real economy, the lifeline of the national economy and an important field of building a modern industrial system. China has formed a manufacturing system with large scale, complete system and strong competitiveness. We will stick to the real economy, especially the manufacturing industry, consolidate the advantages of a complete industrial system, keep the proportion of manufacturing industry basically stable, and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system by forging long boards, supplementing short boards and strengthening the foundation. Focus on the following four aspects.

The first is to transform and upgrade traditional industries. Traditional industry is the base of modern industrial system, accounting for more than 80% in manufacturing industry. It will vigorously promote technological transformation and equipment renewal of enterprises, popularize advanced and applicable technologies, and promote process modernization and high-end products. Implement the action of "increasing varieties, improving quality and creating brands" in manufacturing industry to improve product quality and brand benefits. We will further implement intelligent manufacturing projects, accelerate the development of service-oriented manufacturing, and vigorously develop productive service industries. Implement the peak carbon dioxide emissions implementation plan in the industrial field, fully implement green manufacturing and improve the level of green and low-carbon development. Encourage the adoption of market-oriented and rule-of-law methods, promote the merger and reorganization of key industries, and improve industrial concentration.

The second is to consolidate and extend advantageous industries. China’s high-speed rail, ships, power equipment, construction machinery, communication equipment and other fields have formed distinctive advantages, and the output of a number of important products such as personal computers, mobile phones, household appliances and solar panels accounts for more than half of the world. We will co-ordinate resources and vigorously implement two projects, one of which is the industrial base reconstruction project, which is also a relatively difficult and long-term project. The second is to implement major technical equipment research projects, consolidate and enhance the advantages of the whole industrial chain, and create a number of business cards made in China. Give full play to the main role of enterprises, support leading enterprises to become stronger and better, and cultivate a number of world-class enterprises. In addition, we will implement special actions for the development of advanced manufacturing clusters, focusing on key areas such as construction machinery, rail transit, optoelectronic information, energy and power equipment, textiles and clothing, and build a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster.

The third is to cultivate and expand emerging industries. Emerging industries are the new pillar and new track leading the future development. Will focus on5G, artificial intelligence, bio-manufacturing, industrial Internet, intelligent networked cars, green and low carbonAnd other key areas, and constantly enrich and expand.New application scenarios. Expand the layout of the national manufacturing innovation center in emerging industries. implement"Robot+"Apply actions to promote the large-scale and intensive development of the Internet of Things industry.

The fourth is to lay out future industries in a forward-looking way. The future industry is an important starting point to seize the opportunity of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and realize leading development. We will study and formulate an action plan for future industrial development and speed up the layout.Humanoid robot, metauniverse, quantum technologyAnd other frontier areas, and comprehensively promote.6G technology research and development. Local governments are also encouraged to try first and speed up the layout of future industries.

Finally, Jin Zhuanglong emphasized that to build a modern industrial system, we should not only base ourselves on the domestic big cycle, but also promote the domestic and international double cycle. We will strengthen international cooperation, further deepen reform and opening up, create a good development environment, and provide services and guarantees for Chinese and foreign enterprises to develop advanced manufacturing industries.

How can we guarantee the success of research？

In the application process of graduate students,Interview skills of insurance researchIt is particularly important. Interview is not only an opportunity to show your academic ability, but also a platform for your tutor to understand your personality and potential. This article will share some practical interview skills to help you stand out in the interview.

Before the interview, you should first have a deep understanding of the major you are applying for. This includes the research direction of the major, the research topic of the tutor and the latest trends of the major. You can get information by consulting relevant literature, visiting the school website or contacting seniors and sisters. This will not only help you to answer questions more calmly in the interview, but also show your enthusiasm and devotion to the major.

In the interview, people are often asked about their personal experience and academic background. It is suggested to sort out one’s study, scientific research, internship and other experiences in advance to highlight achievements and gains. You can use the "STAR" rule (Situation, Task, Action, Result) to organize your answers and make them more coherent and clear. For example:

  • Situation (situation):Describe the background and challenges at that time.
  • Task (task):Explain the tasks you need to complete.
  • Action (action):Introduce the specific actions you have taken.
  • Result (result):Summarize the achievements and experiences.

Before the interview, you can improve your self-confidence by simulating the interview. Common questions include: "Why did you choose this major?" "What is your research interest?" "How to treat the hot issues in the current field?" Wait. You can ask a teacher or a friend for a simulation to help you get familiar with the rhythm and content of the answer.

The first impression in the interview is very important, so pay more attention to appearance and etiquette. Wear formal and decent clothes and keep a clean appearance. At the same time, keep smiling during the interview, make eye contact naturally, greet politely and leave a good impression on the interviewer.

In addition to academic ability, personal charm is also an important part of the interview. When answering questions, you can add some personal thoughts and opinions to make the interviewer feel your uniqueness. At the same time, keep a positive attitude and show the expectation and enthusiasm for future research life.

It is inevitable that you will feel nervous during the interview. You can try the following methods to ease your mood:

  • Take a deep breath:Take a few deep breaths before the interview to relax.
  • Positive self-suggestion:Tell yourself "I can do it" and enhance your self-confidence.
  • Keep a good attitude:Think of the interview as an exchange, not an exam.

In short, masterInterview skills of insurance researchBeing well prepared can effectively improve your interview performance. I hope every graduate student can show his best in the interview and enter the ideal graduate stage smoothly!

Guidance on innovative development of military strategy： the strategy of strengthening the country and the army comes first

The strategy of strengthening the country and the army goes first.

-Guidance on innovative development of military strategy.

23. Why do you want to understand the winning mechanism of modern warfare?

Every revolutionary development of human society, especially the major changes in science and technology and mode of production, will inevitably have a revolutionary impact on weapons and equipment and combat methods, and then promote the overall reform in the military field. Today, with the rapid development of high technology and its wide application in the military field, the form and style of war have undergone profound changes. President Xi pointed out that these changes look dazzling, but there are laws behind them, and the fundamental reason is that the winning mechanism of war has changed. We should look at the essence through the phenomenon and thoroughly understand the winning mechanism of modern warfare, otherwise we can only look at the peep show and get nowhere.

Understanding the winning mechanism of war is the premise of guiding war and the inevitable requirement of grasping the laws of war and winning war. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out that the law of war is a problem that anyone who directs the war has to study and solve. If you don’t know the law of war, you won’t know how to direct the war and you won’t win the battle. The essence of winning the war is that the participants comprehensively use various means to attack the enemy, destroy the body and spirit of their personnel, destroy their material resources and state machinery, and weaken their social order and organization, so as to conquer and overwhelm the enemy and win the war. Different war forms have different winning mechanisms. The cold weapon war mainly relies on the physical strength or external mechanical strength of weapon users to kill the enemy, which determines that the key to winning the cold weapon war lies in the number and physique of soldiers. In the era of hot weapons, firepower attack constitutes the dominant factor of the combat capability of the opposing sides in the war. The key to winning the war lies in who can better concentrate firepower advantage and give full play to firepower attack efficiency. In the era of mechanized warfare, aircraft, tanks and warships with high-speed maneuverability have become the main equipment for combat. The key to winning the war lies in giving full play to the army’s assault force, mechanical power and overall combat capability. Grasping the winning mechanism of war is the fundamental basis for winning the war. If we can’t see the development of the war form clearly and can’t control the change of the winning mechanism of war, we will pay a painful price. Before the outbreak of World War II, France spent a lot of money to build the Maginot defense line, which was called "the strongest and most exquisite" with machine guns, barbed wire and trenches. As a result, it was useless before the German Blitzkrieg.

Idioms and idioms

Only by studying and knowing the war can we win the war.

The highest realm of art of war guidance is that you hit yours and I hit mine.

The core of studying operational problems is to make clear the characteristics, laws and winning mechanism of modern warfare.

Strengthen the concepts of information leading, system support, elite soldiers fighting and joint victory, and develop the operational theory and thinking with our military characteristics.

The winning mechanism of modern warfare has undergone profound changes. Since the 1990s, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, the Afghan War and the Iraq War have played an important turning point in the evolution of modern wars, marking the evolution of war forms from mechanized wars to information wars. The right to control information has become the core to seize the comprehensive control of the battlefield, integrated joint operations have become the basic form of operations, and platform operations, system support, tactical actions and strategic support have become the remarkable characteristics of modern warfare. The time and space characteristics of war have changed greatly, the multi-dimensional battlefield space has been integrated, the boundaries of strategy, campaign and tactical action have become blurred, and the time element has been constantly appreciated, and the war has entered the era of "seconds kill" when it is discovered and destroyed; The characteristics of using elite forces to carry out precise operations are more prominent, and it has become an important combat mode to carry out medium-and long-range precise strikes on full-depth targets outside the defense zone; Operational command is becoming more and more flat, and operational organization and management are becoming more standardized, streamlined and refined. In these profound changes, information technology has become the fundamental motivation and main pusher to change the face of war. By aggregating the energy of troops, firepower and information power to a great extent and releasing it accurately, it has achieved a decisive winning advantage. In the Syrian war and the conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia, unmanned and intelligent weapons are being used more and more, and the veil of intelligent war is gradually unveiled, and the winning mechanism of war will undergo subversive changes.

The winning mechanism of war has changed, and the war thinking and operational concept must also keep up. Engels pointed out: "In a long period of peace, how much weapons have improved due to the development of industry, how much the combat methods have fallen behind." Our army has been in a period of relative peace for a long time, and its military thinking is easy to lag behind and be conservative. It is necessary to keep up with the changes in the form and mode of war and update its operational concept. We must vigorously carry out investigation and research on operational problems, study the winning mechanism of modern warfare, increase original, forward-looking and preset theoretical exploration, and build an advanced operational theoretical system with our military characteristics and in line with the laws of modern warfare to better win the future battlefield.

24. Why do you say that the magic weapon of the people’s war can never be lost?

During the War of Liberation, our army successively carried out two large-scale battles in East China, Huaihai Campaign and Crossing the River Campaign, and the land of Jianghuai became a vast battlefield of the people’s war. In December 2017, when President Xi visited the Huaihai Campaign Memorial Hall, he said with deep feelings that it is not necessarily weapons and forces that determine the outcome of the war, but the strategic and tactical use of the army, the confidence and courage of the soldiers and the support and help of the people are often more important factors. In August, 2020, when President Xi visited the memorial hall of the Battle of Crossing the River, he pointed out that the victory of Huaihai Campaign was pushed out by ordinary people in small cars, and the victory of the Battle of Crossing the River was rowed out by ordinary people in small boats. History tells us that with the will of the people, the will of the people and the strength of the people, the people’s army will be invincible and invincible in the world.

Soldiers and civilians are the foundation of victory. The people are the creators of history and the real driving force of historical development, which is the basic viewpoint of Marxist historical materialism. The people’s army has always shared the same breath with the people, shared the same destiny, and fought for the people completely and thoroughly, thus winning the heartfelt support of the overwhelming majority of the people and building an iron wall of unity. Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out in "On Protracted War": "The deepest root of the great power of war lies among the people." In 1947, when the Northwest Field Army fought with the Kuomintang army in northern Shaanxi with a disparity of 1∶10, the people in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region scrimped and saved food, and widely participated in the tasks of stretcher transportation, shoe washing, leading the way to deliver letters, rescuing the wounded, standing guard and other tasks. More than 2.18 million people were dispatched to support the battle, raising more than 1.2 million tons of grain and 60 million kilograms of firewood, and mobilizing 42,000 young people to join the army. History has proved that the army won the battle and the people relied on it. The roots of the people’s army are deeply rooted in the deep land of the people; The great power of the people’s war comes from the great power of the people.

The information war provides a broad stage for the implementation of the people’s war. Information warfare has the remarkable characteristics of integration of peacetime and wartime, integration of front and rear, and integration of military and civilian. The integration of peacetime and wartime is conducive to cultivating the potential of war in peacetime and transforming economic strength, national defense strength and national cohesion into strategic capabilities to deal with crises and wars; The front and rear are integrated, and the battlefield space is expanded in many dimensions, providing a wider stage for the people to participate in the war and carry out various forms of struggle; Civil-military integration can organize and mobilize the people most widely, make full use of all forces contained in the people, especially professional and technical forces, and provide scientific, technological and intellectual support for the war. At the beginning of 2020, in the face of the sudden COVID-19 epidemic, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee and President Xi, we quickly launched a people’s war, a general war and a blocking war to fight the epidemic, carefully deployed the Wuhan Defence War and the Hubei Defence War, and carried out an unprecedented life rescue with the strength of the whole country. Millions of medical staff fought in the front line of the epidemic prevention, all kinds of enterprises made every effort to speed up production in wartime, carried out vaccine research and development through multiple technical routes at the same time, and 19 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities helped 16 cities and states in Hubei except Wuhan … The people of China worked together to share weal and woe, and built a solid defense line for epidemic prevention and control. In this great struggle, all-round manpower organization war, material support war, science and technology assault war and resource movement war fully demonstrated the majestic power contained in the people. This strongly proves that the magic weapon of the people’s war is not outdated, and further strengthens our confidence and determination to give full play to the great power of the people’s war and win the information war. In response to the information war,Our greatest advantage is the people’s war, and what the enemy fears most is that we carry out the people’s war. It is necessary to grasp the new characteristics and requirements of the people’s war under the new era, innovate and develop the strategy and tactics of the people’s war, innovate the content and methods, and give full play to the overall power of the people’s war.

Our army is the people’s army, and our national defense is the national defense of the whole people. Modern warfare is not only a contest between military systems, but also a systematic confrontation based on the overall strength of the country. After decades of development, China’s national defense mobilization ability has achieved a historic leap based on the achievements of economic and social development, and its rapid response ability, scientific and technological support ability, continuous support and comprehensive protection ability have been significantly improved, laying a solid foundation for fighting the people’s war. To make good use of the people’s war as an important magic weapon in the new era, we must coordinate with the country’s modernization, improve the national defense mobilization system, improve the mechanism of strengthening the border and strengthening defense, strengthen national defense education for the whole people, consolidate and develop the unity of the military, the government, the army and the people, and build an integrated national strategic system and capability.

Gansu conference held a moment of silence for the earthquake victims! There is the possibility of strong aftershocks of magnitude 5.

At 23: 59 Beijing time on December 18th, an earthquake of magnitude 6.2 occurred in Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, with a focal depth of 10km (click to view details). The epicenter was located in Liugou Township, Jishishan County. The earthquakes in Lanzhou, Qingyang, Pingliang, Tianshui, Longnan, Dingxi, Wuwei and Jinchang are obvious.

On the 19th, Gansu held a press conference to introduce the latest situation of earthquake relief. At the press conference, all stood up in silence for the victims.

Up to now, the earthquake has killed 105 people and damaged 4782 houses in Gansu.

According to the Propaganda Department of Qinghai Provincial Party Committee and the Emergency Management Department of Qinghai Province, the Jishishan M 6.2 earthquake in Gansu Province affected neighboring Qinghai. By 6: 00 on December 19th, the earthquake had caused 11 deaths and 140 injuries in Haidong City, Qinghai Province. Some houses in Minhe, Xunhua and Hualong counties collapsed, local power lines and communication networks were under repair, and personnel rescue and disaster verification were still in progress.

There is still the possibility of strong aftershocks.

At the press conference, in response to a media question about whether there will be another big aftershock, the person in charge of the relevant department said that according to the characteristics of the regional structure, historical seismic activity and earthquake sequence type of this earthquake, comprehensive analysis believes that there is still the possibility of a strong aftershock of magnitude 5 in the original earthquake area in recent days.

"The roof tiles fell and broke my head."

Someone is wearing a quilt and making a fire by the roadside to keep warm.

"My brother lives in the countryside, and the roof tiles were shaken by the earthquake and broke his head; The adobe wall was also shaken down and the furniture was scattered all over the floor. " After the earthquake, Mr. Lu, who lives in Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, telephoned his relatives living in the countryside for the first time.

"My home is on the sixth floor, and the earthquake is strong. The whole family was shaken up and the radiator fell to the ground." In an interview with a reporter from China News Service, Mr. Lu said that after the earthquake, they ran downstairs and drove to the open area of Binhe Road, and many residents ran out of the building along the way.

"With a bang, the wall on the second floor collapsed and was almost smashed inside." At about 6: 00 am on the 19th, Ma Axiyan, a villager from Chuimatan Town, Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture, Gansu Province, said that when the earthquake happened, she forgot to wear clothes and ran barefoot and saw bricks and glass scattered all over the place.

The reporter saw in the street of Chuimatan Town that dozens of residents spontaneously lit a fire on the roadside to keep warm, some were covered with quilts, and some were wearing thick cotton-padded jackets. The glass on the second floor of the street was broken and the glass slag fell on the sidewalk. Ambulances, fire engines and police cars go back and forth on the road.

In addition, Xining, the capital of Qinghai Province, which is more than 200 kilometers away from Jishishan County, also felt a strong earthquake, and some residents took refuge in the streets.

There will be no precipitation in Jishishan, Gansu in the next ten days.

The minimum temperature at night will reach -14℃

The Meteorological Bureau of Linxia Prefecture issued a special weather forecast for the earthquake zone in Jishishan County. In the past 24 hours, the weather in Dahejia, Liugou, Liuji, Anji, Yinchuan, Zhaizigou, Chuimatan, Shiyuan and nearby towns and villages in Jishishan, Linxia Prefecture was sunny and cloudy. At 06: 00 on the 19th, the temperature was about -14℃ and the wind was 1 ~ 2. In the next 10 days, there will be no precipitation in Jishishan, and the weather will be mainly sunny and cloudy, with the lowest temperature of about -14℃ and the highest temperature of about 5℃.

Meteorologists suggest that the minimum temperature at night is about -14℃, so disaster relief personnel should take cold and warm measures. Pay attention to safety when heating in emergency tents, and beware of carbon monoxide poisoning when using open flames. Emergency rescue vehicles should pay attention to driving safety.

The western theater sent forward command post.

According to the order of the Joint Command Center of the Central Military Commission, the western theater quickly launched an emergency response mechanism, established a command system for emergency rescue and disaster relief at the first time, and sent a forward command post to the earthquake zone to uniformly command the troops’ disaster relief operations. At present, an air defense brigade of the 76th Army, Gansu Military Region, Gansu Armed Police Corps and other emergency rescue forces have entered the earthquake zone to carry out personnel search and rescue and road cleaning. The reporter learned from the Western Theater Joint Command Center that the theater army, theater air force, Xining Joint Logistics Support Center, Armed Police Gansu Corps, Armed Police Qinghai Corps and other units have made follow-up support preparations and put into disaster relief operations as ordered.

Original title: "Gansu conference site mourned for the victims of the earthquake! There is the possibility of a strong aftershock of magnitude 5. "

Read the original text

Foreign media focus on China-Central Asia Summit： The summit has a milestone significance in creating opportunities for diversified economic development.

　　International Online Special: From May 18th to 19th, 2023, China-Central Asia Summit was held in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province. During the summit, the Supreme Leader of president, China and the heads of five Central Asian countries signed the Xi ‘an Declaration of the China-Central Asia Summit and adopted the List of Achievements of the China-Central Asia Summit. The international community spoke highly of the constructive achievements of this summit. Many foreign media reports pointed out that the summit was a milestone in promoting the diversified economic development in Central Asia, and it also showed China’s increasing international influence.

　　

Associated Press report screenshot

　　APThe website reported on May 19th that cooperation between China and Central Asian countries has been deepening under the framework of the "One Belt, One Road" initiative. China is the second largest economy in the world, and Central Asian countries regard China as an important market and investment source. The China-Central Asia Summit highlights China’s growing influence in Central Asia.

　　

Screenshot of Reuters Report, UK

　　British ReutersThe website commented that on 19th, the Supreme Leader of president, China put forward suggestions on cooperation and exchanges between China and five Central Asian countries, and announced grand development plans from deepening interconnection to expanding economic and trade relations, so as to comprehensively help Central Asian countries enhance their development capabilities.

　　The report emphasizes that as China’s friendly neighbors, the five Central Asian countries have shown high trust in China. Xi ‘an, an ancient capital with a long history, is the starting point of China’s ancient Silk Road. The two-day China-Central Asia Summit held here is regarded as China’s diplomatic victory in Central Asia. The leaders of the five Central Asian countries had previously expressed their support for China and hoped to deepen cooperation with China.

　　

Thailand’s "Bangkok Post" report screenshot

　　Bangkok Post of ThailandThe website reported on May 19th that Central Asia is of great strategic significance geographically and is a key partner for China to jointly build the Belt and Road Initiative. This China-Central Asia Summit is a milestone. In order to continue the traditional friendship, the six heads of state agreed that the next summit will be held in Kazakhstan in 2025.

　　

Qatar Al Jazeera report screenshot

　　Qatar Al JazeeraThe website reported on the 18th that the China-Central Asia Summit was held in Xi ‘an, China. The two-day summit was hosted by the Supreme Leader of president, China, and the leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were invited to participate. All five Central Asian countries are important participants in the Belt and Road Initiative. The report pointed out that the summit is an opportunity for Central Asia to achieve diversified economic development.

　　Sputnik news agency & radioNikita Maslennikov, an expert from Russian Political and Technical Center, was quoted as saying that the interest of Central Asian countries in China’s steadily growing trade market is increasing, and this summit will provide new impetus for the development of bilateral trade.

　　French 24-hour TV stationAccording to a report published on the website, this meeting is the first time that China and five Central Asian countries have held a summit in the form of entity since they established diplomatic relations 31 years ago. According to the report, the railway connecting China and Europe has formed a crisscross network, and the summit is expected to reach an agreement to further expand the railway network between China and Europe, including the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway and the expansion of the China-Central Asia natural gas pipeline.

　　Radio Free Europe, USAThe website reported that Kazakh President Tokayev was the first Central Asian head of state to arrive in Xi ‘an, and May 17th was Tokayev’s 70th birthday. Kazakhstan and China issued a joint statement reaffirming that bilateral relations are "unbreakable". (Shi Hezhen, Lu Qianyuan, Wang Luping)

Exploring the way of high-quality development of military education

Exploring the way of high-quality development of military education

■ Yang Xuguang

Write in front

At present, in order to thoroughly implement the strategy of strengthening the army with talents in the new era, promote the comprehensive transformation and upgrading of military personnel’s ability and quality, structural layout, development and management, and forge high-quality and professional new-type military personnel with both ability and political integrity, we must persistently use the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, especially the supreme leader’s thought of strengthening the army, to cultivate people, to deepen reform and solve problems in reform, to crack contradictions in development with innovative development, and to promote the development of military education in a high-quality direction with effective measures.

Strengthen the strength of "unification" and give full play to the comprehensive educational function of the trinity new military talent training system

Constructing a new pattern of trinity talent training is a milestone for our military education to enter a new era and a high-quality development track. It needs to be optimized and improved in deepening practice, improving quality and increasing efficiency.

Understand the operating mechanism of the new military personnel training system. Focusing on the cultivation of high-quality and professional talents, military academy education as the main channel focuses on solid foundation, military training practice focuses on transformation and application in large classrooms, and military vocational education is a big platform focusing on filling gaps and expanding. It is necessary to focus on giving full play to their respective strengths, establish and improve a mechanism of integration, complementarity and linkage based on unified personnel training objectives, quality standards and resource management, and jointly support military personnel training to achieve high-level operational goals.

Give priority to the development of military academy education. Strengthening the army first strengthens the school, and college education plays a fundamental, leading and overall role in army building. It is necessary to carry forward our army’s fine tradition of running schools and educating people, aim at the goal of building first-class military academies and training first-class military talents, strengthen the unique functions of colleges and universities, such as cultivating and reserving talents, innovating theories and developing technologies, leading the transformation of combat training and testing combat capability, and truly implement the priority development strategy of colleges and universities with rigid measures, so as to make colleges and universities a well-deserved "locomotive" for the construction of our army’s combat effectiveness.

Strengthen military training, practice and cultivate talents. Military training practice is an important link in the talent training chain, a key step to accelerate the development of officers and men, and an ideal examination room to test the actual ability of war talents in peacetime. It is necessary to guide officers and men to base themselves on their post responsibilities, flexibly transform and apply the thinking concept, theoretical knowledge and basic ability learned in colleges and universities in the practice of training and preparing for war, improve their ability and quality in the practical task tempering, and lay a solid ladder for the career development of officers and men.

Comprehensively promote military vocational education. Military vocational education has irreplaceable strategic value for officers and men to update their knowledge, keep up with the times, be competent for their posts and enhance their abilities, and is an important support for building a learning-oriented military camp in the new era. It is necessary to focus on fighting, focusing on posts, focusing on urgent needs and focusing on the frontier to carry out post re-education and retraining for officers and men, strengthen motivation and policy drive, standardize post self-learning activities such as improving performance ability, preparatory training for college education, vocational qualification certification and skill appraisal training, upgrading on-the-job academic qualifications, and improving scientific and technological literacy, and accelerate the construction of a pattern of officers and men learning from time to time, learning everywhere, learning for everyone, and lifelong learning.

Highlight the standard of "specialization" and improve the ability and level of military education to prepare for war.

The basis of the actual combat capability of the army is specialization, and the core of the military professionalism level is specialization. With the increasing complexity of the technical composition and knowledge-intensive degree of the army, it poses a greater challenge to the professionalism of all kinds of military talents, which requires that military education must put specialization construction in a more important position.

Firmly establish the concept of running a school professionally. Clearly establish the school-running idea of creating characteristics by specialization, emphasizing quality by specialization and seeking development by specialization, insist on taking professional ability as the core factor to evaluate the quality of personnel training, take professional characteristics as the key index to measure the level of education and training institutions, adopt classified construction, classified management, make overall arrangements and differentiate the resources of colleges and training institutions, and strive to make each educational entity unique in its respective professional fields.

Build a strong professional discipline system. Focus on the needs of preparing for war, twist the main training task of training units, comprehensively use the methods of changing birds in cages and substantive integration, inherit the inherent genes of traditional dominant disciplines, vigorously strengthen the supporting disciplines for preparing for war, vigorously cultivate new fields and new quality disciplines, deepen the transformation of traditional disciplines "military+"and "intelligence+",promote the intensive allocation and utilization of specialized educational resources, and continuously improve the advanced and sophisticated level of disciplines.

Forging professional teachers. In strict accordance with the professional standards, teachers’ qualifications for admission and the selection of college presidents are set, so as to attract the best talents from the military and local areas to run schools, and strive to build a teaching staff with high professional level and always full of vitality.

Strengthen professional evaluation and supervision. Give full play to the "baton" function of education evaluation and the "corrector" function of education supervision, evaluate the quality of teaching, construction and education with the advantage of specialization as the core index, take the implementation of professional construction planning plan and the implementation of laws and regulations as the focus of education supervision, and strongly guide military education to accelerate the connotative development based on specialization.

Focus on the traction of "war" and promote the transformation and upgrading of military education with the innovation of talent training mode

Military education is born of war and built for war. We must always focus on actual combat, focus on winning and cultivating talents, and integrate military theory innovation, high-tech breakthrough, future war design and talent cultivation, so that the cultivated talents can always stay ahead of the war and opponents.

Improve the mechanism for selecting students. In the future, intelligent warfare has high requirements for military talents’ cognitive ability, learning ability and innovation ability. The selection of cadets of growth officers should highlight the investigation and screening of intelligence level and military professional potential, and attract outstanding talents in a larger space and scope. In accordance with the selection criteria for senior and middle-level officers, trainees in post education should choose the best among them and enter the school to receive systematic training, and at the same time complete the task of continuing education for all other personnel through military vocational education.

Optimize the talent training system. Adapt to the new requirements of the changes of war, science and technology and opponents on the ability and quality of officers and men, and dynamically optimize the generation mechanism of talent training needs. According to the basic standards of national higher education and the objectives and specifications of military education and training at all levels, and following the law and characteristics of the growth of different professional talents in the arms and services, the training methods of various talents are designed differently.

Innovate the teaching mode in an all-round way. Strengthen actual combat teaching by emphasizing competence, and achieve the docking of course content and post standards, teaching process and combat process, and training organization and battlefield requirements in post education; Strengthen individualized teaching and encourage students to fully demonstrate their originality under the constraints of common norms; Using information technology to develop new forms of teaching, to meet the characteristics of different types of training, and to create the best learning plan and teaching process suitable for everyone.

Create a smart education environment. Adhering to the student-centered concept, we will carry out the pilot project of digital construction of military education, create a simulated confrontation teaching environment with real experience, intelligent driving and iterative upgrading by using virtual reality technology, and build a military wisdom education platform to support the transformation of military education.

Promote the depth of "connection" and take the road of joint education and open education.

Military education should be oriented to the world’s military frontier, to the important needs of national security, and to the modernization of national defense and the army. It is impossible to do it behind closed doors, and we must persist in opening up and educating people.

Get through the talent training link. It is necessary to strengthen the seamless connection of education and training at all levels, design the talent training framework in an integrated way, determine the training objectives and specifications by classification and stratification, focus on the orientation of different colleges and universities, intensively allocate educational resources, and explore the construction of a talent training pattern that integrates college education with on-the-job education, academic education with on-the-job education, junior high school and senior high school command education, meets the practical needs and pre-sets training smoothly.

Adhere to the direction of the United Education Association. Strengthen the combination of theory and practice between colleges and universities and the army, focus on fundamentally solving the problem of "acclimatization", hand over the "last mile" of training officers to the army, and explore the mechanism of graduation only after passing the post practice; In order to make up for the congenital deficiency of educational practice ability in colleges and universities, we try to entrust some practical courses such as command, management and group training to army commanders, entrust comprehensive training tasks and large-scale weapons and equipment teaching to designated troops, and promote the efficient use of practical teaching and training resources through accurate planning.

Shaping the pattern of integrated education. Strengthen the introduction and sharing of local high-quality educational resources, build a collaborative innovation platform through military and civilian cooperation, and promote the joint training of high-end talents on a larger scale and at a higher level; We should extensively tap and utilize the high-value resources of talents, information and security in local colleges and universities to improve the overall efficiency of military education.

Don’t underestimate the mini ＂tornado＂ that appears around us. It’s called dust storm and can also cause disaster.

The copyright belongs to the original author. If there is any infringement, please contact us.

Tornado, a sudden disaster weather, is relatively common in some areas, and for most people, understanding tornado may begin with an animation "The Wizard of Oz" in childhood.

In the animation, the tornado brought the little girl to a fantasy world, but in reality, the place where the tornado passed was often the house falling down. Most people may never see a tornado with their own eyes, but there is a mini version of "tornado" that often appears beside us, and basically everyone has seen it. Sometimes, we will see dust wrapped in leaves and garbage spinning from the ground, sometimes it will dissipate naturally when it reaches only a few tens of centimeters, and sometimes it can reach several meters high. When children see such a wind column, they will jump into it unconsciously, hoping to be taken off into the sky by it. However, many people don’t know that it is dangerous to do so, because it may really roll you up and lead to disaster.

What exactly is this mini tornado? It actually has its own name, which is the difference between "tornado" and "dust storm".

There is a certain relationship between dust storms and tornadoes, because they both belong to "cyclones" in essence. Tornadoes can lead to the collapse of houses, and dusty winds can sometimes lead to disasters. For example, there was an incident in Gansu where primary school students were blown into the air by dusty winds, and a cruise ship was overturned by dusty winds in Beihai Park in Beijing, so don’t think that the "small whirlwind" around you is cute, and maybe it will really take you to the sky at some time.

Why does a small dust storm have such great power? This should also start from the cause of the dust storm. There is a word difference between a dust storm and a tornado, and both of them are cyclones, and their external manifestations are extremely similar, but they are not the same thing, because their causes are different, and the difference in their power is also derived from this.

There is a direct relationship between the formation of tornado and the temperature change of the ground. When the temperature and humidity of the ground are high, water will absorb heat from the ground, which will be gasified into water vapor. After water becomes water vapor, it will rise rapidly due to the decrease of density. After reaching a certain height, water vapor will condense into water droplets due to the decrease of temperature, and then fall in the form of rain.

Different from ordinary rainfall, because the surface temperature is too high, the water droplets absorb heat continuously in the process of falling, and rise again as steam. In this repeated process, the pressure difference between the ground and the pre-layer increases, and the surrounding gas moves towards the center at high speed, so a powerful cyclone is formed, which is a tornado. Although most people have never seen a tornado, typhoons are relatively common, and the wind speed of a super typhoon can reach 51 meters per second, while the wind speed of a tornado is higher than that of a super typhoon, which can reach 100 meters per second. No wonder everything on the ground will rise up by it.

What is the difference between the causes of dust storms and tornadoes? Although they look very similar from the outside, they are not without differences. Tornadoes usually run through the heavens and the earth, that is, the lower part is connected to the ground, while the upper part is connected to the bottom of the clouds, but the dust wind is not. Although the dust wind starts from the ground, there is no connection above it, and this external difference stems from its different causes.

The formation of dust storm is also related to the ground warming. The difference is that there is no participation of water and steam here. When the local temperature of the ground is too high, the peripheral air will flow quickly to the center due to heating, and this rotation from the periphery to the center will be strengthened at the center, thus forming a whirlwind with a certain degree. So how powerful can this whirlwind be? The powerful dust storm, its wind power can reach more than 7, and sometimes even close to 10. Faced with such a dusty wind, if people or things happen to be in it, they may be taken into the air, and falling from the air again may cause casualties and property losses.

Has the dust storm caused any serious disasters? Yes, and there are many examples. The most recent incident happened in Shangqiu, Henan Province on March 31, 2019. At that time, an inflatable trampoline in the playground was carried into the air by dust, and children playing in the trampoline fell from the air. This incident caused 20 injuries and 2 children died.

Can a little dust storm make such a big disaster? How can we prevent it? Dust wind is a sudden weather, which is basically unpredictable in advance, but it is not impossible to prevent. First of all, just stay away from it and don’t join in the fun, so as long as the dust wind doesn’t rise from your feet, there will be no danger. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the ground facilities. The power of the dust storm is actually limited. If the trampoline can be fixed on the ground with ropes in Shangqiu incident, it is impossible to be taken away.

For more details, please pay attention to WeChat official account: sunmonarch.

Deep ｜ Why is the illegal intermediary of the electric sales of the running water company ＂repeatedly banned＂？

In mid-March, three workplaces of Suzhou electric sales giant Chinese enterprise Qixiang in Suzhou and Wuxi were suddenly seized by the police, and hundreds of people were taken away by the Shanghai police for investigation. Subsequently, news came out in Chengdu, Nanjing and other places that loan intermediaries and loan-assisting companies were seized by the police.Multi-site supervision has intensified the crackdown on illegal institutions.

The loan intermediary does not lend directly to the borrower as a funder, but introduces the products of formal financial institutions to the borrower as an intermediary. The reason why it is "deeply hated" is related to a series of illegal acts such as some institutions illegally obtaining personal information for SMS and telephone harassment, impersonating bank staff, forging false information to obtain bank loans, charging high service fees and even beheading.

Telemarketing is widely used by most loan intermediaries, which are also directly called telemarketing companies. Even in recent years, a large number of telemarketing companies have gathered in an office building in many cities, and it has also happened from time to time that one company has been closed down and another company has moved in.

How do sales companies develop their industries? Why is it still "repeatedly banned" under severe blows? Are loan intermediaries all as "heinous" as stereotype? 21st century business herald reporter tried to present the industry situation and business model of loan intermediaries such as telemarketing companies from multiple perspectives through interviews with practitioners, legal persons and people in related industries.

Through interviews, we found that behind the current "chaos", we need to pay more attention to the norms of industry order. As a product of market development, loan intermediaries also reveal from the side that the problem of small and micro enterprises’ loan difficulty still needs to be solved urgently.

Liu shui de Dian Xiao company

Some netizens commented on social media, "There is a telemarketing company downstairs in our company, which is arrested every year and then rented to other telemarketing companies. Mainly a flowing electric sales company, the same electric sales. " In fact, this situation has begun to become common, and office buildings gathered by such sales companies have also appeared in many cities.

Take Suzhou as an example. Before that, many telemarketing companies set up their offices in industrial parks, and several office buildings became famous "financial buildings" in the industry because of the large number of rented telemarketing companies. After the industrial park began to clear the loan intermediary, some companies moved to gusu district and Xiangcheng, and the "financial building" also moved. A person familiar with the matter told reporters that "there are many loan companies in one building" in an office building in gusu district. These telemarketing companies that can still stay in Suzhou after being retired are regarded as "financially strong", and more "without strength" can only choose to move to other places or directly withdraw.

The same thing happened in Jinan. Two office buildings in High-tech Zone are dubbed by people who work nearby, and the high degree of gathering of their telemarketing companies is described as "Altman has to make two phone calls to leave when he comes". A person who works in one of the buildings told the reporter, "The relatively strong companies here are insurance, banks and other big companies, and the others have always been flowing companies." Judging from the property conditions, one of the two office buildings is located in a high-end CBD, which is known as the local financial and business gathering area; The other office environment is poor and the rent is relatively low. Under the change of "flowing companies" round after round, a large number of telemarketing companies have appeared in both places.

A person engaged in office rental in Suzhou told reporters that the "financial" companies such as electricity sales and loan assistance accounted for one-third of its customers last year. "On average, more than 10 loan assistance companies can find venues every month, and more than 100 loan assistance companies can be received every year." However, the lease time of these companies is not long. "The lease period is basically three months, and those who do not withdraw for three months are very powerful."

The above-mentioned person said that several districts in Suzhou had cleaned up the loan intermediary companies before, and at the same time, the property owners of some office buildings began to stop renting out the venues to such companies, because the gathering of electricity sales companies would mostly bring higher alarm rate to office buildings.

"Not bad money" property can refuse to settle in the electricity sales company,However, for the property owners who have great pressure on their own profits, such companies are at least lessees with good ability to pay.. Therefore, it often happens in many office buildings that a loan intermediary company moves away or is sealed up by the police, and a new loan intermediary company will move in after the clearance.

Enterprise loans become "pillar business"

In the usual impression, the business of this kind of telemarketing intermediary is often mainly aimed at personal loans. However, the reporter found in the interview that corporate loans with higher profits have become the "pillar business" of many telemarketing companies.

Suzhou Zhongqi Qixiang, which was previously seized by the police, is one of the most influential enterprises in the local enterprise loan industry. A person familiar with the matter told reporters that many people engaged in corporate loan business in Suzhou are from Chinese enterprises, and "basic executives are opening branches outside".

Different from the early "extensive operation", such sales companies have formed a relatively perfect business process.

As an intermediary, a telemarketing company provides loan intermediation services to customers, and usually signs an intermediary service agreement with customers to clarify the handling fee and related terms. The intermediary services it actually provides, besides recommending loan products from formal financial institutions that match customers’ needs, may also include preparing or "manufacturing" relevant loan materials for customers whose procedures are unclear or even unqualified.

The business of this kind of loan intermediary usually begins with telephone sales by telephone operators. Under normal circumstances, the operator is only responsible for making phone calls, and when the customer handles business on the spot, the negotiator will communicate with the customer in detail. Among them,The usual methods used by some loan intermediaries include impersonating bank employees and defrauding customers’ trust through friends circle packaging.

After being suppressed by negotiators, such as "poor credit reporting" and "loan with high interest", many customers may accept their higher handling fees. An employee who worked in a Chinese enterprise, Qixiang, told reporters that the service fee of this company usually starts at three points. "But sometimes the negotiators talk high, and they can go up to 10 points, and there is a loan of 3 million to collect 600,000 service fees."Based on this calculation, the service fee can even be as high as 20% of the loan amount.

Under the high profit, the job advertisements posted by the telemarketing company also look "excellent". The reporter searched for keywords such as "telemarketing" on a recruitment website. The minimum monthly salary of many related positions in Suzhou and Jinan is also more than 10,000 yuan, and some positions are marked as "irresponsible basic salary 7500", "team manager is stable 2W+" and "enterprise loan telemarketing is 46,000 yuan per month". A person familiar with the matter told reporters,"The operator is only the bottom of the loan intermediary company, and the negotiators are basically the bosses or executives of the company, and the salary is also high. Before, a company recruited negotiators with a monthly salary of100,000 yuan, in addition to a commission. "

Fuzzy compliance boundary

Are loan intermediaries all as "heinous" as stereotype? Is the business completely illegal? In the interview, we found that there is no relevant standard for loan intermediary business, and the boundary between compliance and non-compliance is also very vague.

First of all, it needs to be clarified that loan intermediaries may not be directly defined as illegal. Many industries have produced the profession of intermediary in the process of development. All kinds of intermediaries are essentially businesses that make money by poor information. Loan intermediaries should have shortened the distance between loan customers and financial institutions by virtue of their familiarity with various products.

However, as many people who have been or are engaged in this industry have said, loan intermediaries have been "bad money drives out good money" and stigmatized. The ubiquitous high handling fees have caused many people to equate loan intermediaries with usury and beheading, and the living space of companies with relatively reasonable fees and relatively "disciplined" business has also been continuously squeezed.

However, it is also difficult to supervise the loan intermediary industry because the boundary between its business compliance and illegality is actually very vague. The reporter interviewed a number of practitioners, legal persons and people in related industries, and it is difficult to make a relatively clear judgment on the boundaries.

What business can a loan intermediary provide? Can the high agency fee match the service it provides? Judging from the current situation, this may only depend on market competition and mutual benchmarking between companies. The above-mentioned insiders gave an example to reporters.The intermediary service fees of such companies in Suzhou can reach 18 points or even higher, while those in Nanjing generally will not exceed 15 points. "The high point can’t survive in Nanjing, and it is easy to be spurned by the local market."

In addition to charging high service fees or even beheading interest, some loan intermediaries also illegally obtain personal information for text messages and telephone harassment, and impersonate regular institutions and bank staff to defraud customers’ trust. In the process of business handling, some companies engaged in enterprise loan business can also help enterprises forge false information and eliminate bad records.

A lawyer in Suzhou analyzed a reporter’s case in which he participated. The client wanted to apply for a five-year loan of 3 million yuan, signed a contract with a loan intermediary and was charged an intermediary fee of 270,000 yuan. During this period, the intermediary staff made up the identity of the bank staff, and the actual lending rate and loan term were inconsistent with the intermediary’s statement, which had already involved fraud. In the actual handling of the case, due to the existence of the intermediary contract, the court generally does not treat it as fraud, but it will not support such a high intermediary fee, and proposes to mediate by partially refunding the fee.

A similar situation occurred in another incident reported by 21st century business herald before, and the court only supported a small part of the high service fee in the judgment. A loan intermediary company in Hangzhou sued several customers in succession because they refused to pay tens of thousands of high service fees. In the case that the loan business actually fails to be successfully handled, the court will generally reject the claim of tens of thousands of yuan service fee advocated by the loan intermediary; In the case that the loan business has been successfully handled and the defendant refuses to pay the service fee, the court only supports the amount of several hundred to several thousand yuan according to the contract and relevant laws and regulations, not tens of thousands of yuan advocated by the loan intermediary company.

Many interviewees mentioned that it is more important to pay attention to the establishment of industry order behind the current "chaos", which includes the scope and pricing of so-called intermediary services. A lawyer in Suzhou believes that the intermediary company itself is necessary, but it must be supervised and operated legally and in compliance. At present, loan intermediaries are facing the problems of no official positioning and lack of relevant industry norms.

Small and micro financing still needs support.

It is also noteworthy that small and micro enterprises have become "frequent customers" of loan intermediaries, which also reflects the current situation that their loan needs may still not be met at the moment when they are widely called to help small and micro enterprises and inclusive finance.

The loan interest rate is superimposed with a high service fee, and the cost of using funds is so high. Why are there still enterprises that can accept it? A lawyer handling related cases in Shanghai mentioned in an interview that some small and micro enterprises really need a working capital but have nowhere to borrow. In addition, a large number of small and micro enterprises with poor qualifications are "excluded" from traditional credit services. In order to obtain loans from formal institutions, they have to rely on services such as "making materials" from loan intermediaries.

Under the traditional credit model, the bank’s borrowing cost is low, but the qualification examination is more strict. When the economy is improving, corporate credit scores, running water and other qualifications are also good, and it is easier to borrow money from banks. When the economic growth slows down, the qualifications of enterprises may decline to some extent, and may even involve litigation, so it is difficult to meet the loan requirements of banks, and banks may be "rejected". Banks may also face the problem of pressure on asset quality, and pay more attention to and prevent risks. This also brings new problems, and some enterprises that need funds may actually not be able to borrow money.

To solve the problem of "financing difficulties" for small and micro enterprises, the optimization direction of current supervision concerns includes the determination of bank loan interest rate for small and micro enterprises, the optimization of credit policy, and the improvement and sharing of credit data for small and micro enterprises.

On April 10th, the the State Council policy briefing once again mentioned the promotion of financing for small and micro enterprises. The State Administration of Financial Supervision said that it will guide banks to reasonably determine the interest rate of inclusive small and micro enterprises’ loans, revise the supervision and evaluation system of financial services for small and micro enterprises in commercial banks and the risk classification method for small and micro enterprises’ loans, and optimize the due diligence exemption system for small and micro enterprises’ credit granting. The National Development and Reform Commission referred to the recently issued Implementation Plan for Overall Financing Credit Service Platform Construction to Improve the Financing Convenience Level of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, insisted on building a inclusive finance service system based on credit information, and promoted the provision of high-quality financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises.