作者： admin

360 Zhou Hongyi fired again： GPT 6-8 will have a sense of autonomy. Let’s measure right and wrong.

Recently, Zhou Hongyi of 360 said."GPT6 to GPT8 artificial intelligence will generate consciousness and become a new species.In the future, the artificial intelligence big language model may realize self-evolution, automatic system updating and self-upgrading, or exponential evolution ability, and human beings will face unpredictable security challenges. "

Zhou Hongyi, as a "master of tuyeres", has to get involved in almost every tuyere. What he said is somewhat credible, and it is necessary to make a big question mark.

Moreover, Zhou Hongyi only gave a prediction, but did not give his own reasons and reasoning logic.

As a media that focuses on the depth of the industry, we should not stay on the slogan of the headline party, but analyze the problem from a deeper level.

Will GPT grow into a general artificial intelligence model? If so, how long will this process take? Next, we try to discuss this disturbing problem together.

To answer this question, we need to "tear down" a big model like GPT and see what is inside it and how it works.

"Unpack" the black box of the big model

Large model refers to a neural network model with a very large number of parameters, which is usually used to deal with complex natural language processing, image recognition, speech recognition and other tasks. The core elements of the large model are mainly neural network, layer, neuron and parameters.

Data ape mapping

neural network

Neural network is a machine learning algorithm, which is inspired by the nervous system of human brain. It consists of multiple layers, each layer contains multiple neurons, and the connections between layers form a neural network. Each neuron receives the input from the neuron in the upper layer, calculates the output according to its input, and then passes it on to the next layer.

floor

Layer is a part of neural network, which is composed of multiple neurons. Each layer can be configured with different parameters such as activation function and optimizer. Usually, each layer will transform the input and then pass the output to the next layer. Common layers include fully connected layer, convolution layer, pooling layer, etc. The basis for dividing different types of layers is mainly the type of data processed, the internal structure of layers, the functions of layers, etc. For example, the fully connected layer is the simplest and most commonly used layer in neural networks. Its core function is to connect all neurons in the upper layer with all neurons in this layer. This connection allows the neural network to learn the complex nonlinear relationship of input data. Fully connected layer is usually used for image classification, speech recognition, natural language processing and other tasks; Convolution layer is the core layer of Convolution Neural Network (CNN), which is used to process data with spatial structure, such as images. Its core function is to perform convolution operation on the input data through a set of learnable convolution kernels to extract the features of the input data. The internal structure of convolution layer includes several convolution kernels and a bias term, and the output of convolution layer is usually input into pooling layer.

neuron

Neurons are the basic units in neural networks,Its main function is to receive signals from neurons in the input layer or the previous layer and generate output signals. The inputs of neurons are transmitted through a set of weighted connections and are weighted and summed in neurons. Then, this sum is input into the activation function for nonlinear transformation to produce the output of neurons.

The core of neuron is activation function, which is the core component of neuron processing input signal. Neurons receive input signals, sum them with weights, and then input them into the activation function for nonlinear transformation.The function of activation function is to introduce nonlinear factors into neurons, so that neurons can learn nonlinear models, thus improving the expression ability of models.

parameter

Parameters refer to variables in the neural network, which will be updated with the training of the neural network.Each neuron has a weight vector and an offset term, which are usually called parameters.The values of these parameters will be updated by the optimizer during training to make the output of the neural network as close as possible to the expected output.

To sum up, neurons are components of layers, and layers are components of neural networks. Parameters are stored in neurons, and each neuron has a set of parameters (weights and offsets). During the training process, the optimizer will update these parameters to make the output of the neural network as close as possible to the expected output.

So, how do neural networks, layers, neurons and parameters work systematically?

Next, we take the training process of GPT-4 as an example to illustrate the cooperation process of different elements in the training process of large model, specifically:

1) Firstly, all parameters of GPT-4 model are randomly initialized, including the weight and deviation of each neuron in the neural network.

2) Prepare data sets, which can be marked texts, such as articles, novels, papers, social media posts, etc. Before training, data must be preprocessed and cleaned up, such as deleting special characters, stop words and other irrelevant information.

3) Training data will be divided into several small batches, usually each batch contains hundreds to thousands of text samples. Input each batch into GPT-4 model, and the model will calculate the output according to the current parameters, that is, predict the probability distribution of the next word.

4) Calculate the loss function of the model, which can reflect the performance of the model on the training set. In the case of language model, cross entropy is usually used as the loss function.

5) Calculate the gradient of parameters according to the backpropagation algorithm, and the gradient reflects the change rate of the loss function of the model at a certain point. Then use the optimizer to update the parameters of the model to reduce the loss function.

6) Repeat steps 3-5 until the performance of the model reaches the expectation or the training time is exhausted.

Kind of like the human brain.

From the above analysis, we can see that the big model is trying to simulate the working mechanism of the human brain. In fact, at present, human beings are the only intelligent creatures. If a large model is as intelligent as human beings, "bionic" is the best way.

Next, let’s briefly sort out the structure and working mechanism of the human brain, and then compare the structure and working mechanism of the big model with that of the human brain.

Let’s first look at the structure of the human brain.

The human brain is a neural network system composed of tens of billions of neurons, and neurons are the basic units of neural networks. Each neuron is connected with each other by synapses, which are the basic channels for transmitting information between neurons.

The core function of neurons is to receive, process and transmit information.A neuron usually consists of three parts: cell body, dendrite and axon.Neurons receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body through dendrites. The cell body processes these signals and generates output signals, which are transmitted to other neurons through axons.

The connection between neurons is usually realized through synapses. Synapses are divided into chemical synapses and electrical synapses. Chemical synapses transmit signals through neurotransmitters, while electrical synapses transmit information directly through electrical signals.

The human brain is composed of a large number of neurons and synapses, which are connected together according to specific laws to form different neural circuits and neural networks. These neural circuits and neural networks work together to complete various complex cognitive, perceptual, emotional and behavioral activities of the human body.

Through the above analysis, we can make an analogy between the human brain and various elements of the big model, as shown in the following table:

The layer in the big model can be compared with the cortex in the human brain.The layer of the large model is composed of several neurons, each neuron receives the output of the previous layer as input, and calculates it through the activation function to produce the output of this layer. The cerebral cortex is a complex network composed of neurons and synapses, in which each neuron also receives the output of other neurons as input, and transmits and processes information at synapses through chemical signals.

Neurons in the large model can be compared with neurons in the human brain.They are the basic computing units in the network, which receive input signals and process them through activation functions to generate output signals. Neurons in the human brain are the basic computing units in organisms. They connect with other neurons through synapses, receive chemical signals from other neurons, and generate output signals through electrical signals.

The parameters of the large model can be compared with the synaptic weights in the human brain, which determine the intensity and mode of information transmission between neurons. Synaptic weights in the human brain also play a similar role, which determines the connection strength between neurons and the signal transmission mode at synapses.

Quantitative comparison between large model and human brain

The above is only from a qualitative point of view, to understand the big model, the working mechanism of the human brain, and to make an analogy to their core elements.

Quantitative change leads to qualitative change, even if it is similar in structure, but the difference in quantity often leads to great difference.

Next, let’s compare the big model with the human brain from a quantitative point of view.

The following are the approximate values of the total number of neural layers and parameters of GPT-1 to GPT-3.5 models (the number of neurons is not disclosed, and GPT-4 does not disclose relevant data):

Then, let’s look at the number of neurons and synapses in the human brain. In order to make the results more referential, besides humans, we also selected monkeys, dolphins, cats and ants. The specific results are as follows:

From the above analysis, we know that the neurons of the large model can be classified as human neurons, and the parameters of the large model can be classified as synapses of the human brain. But unfortunately, the big models in the industry rarely disclose the number of neurons, but generally disclose the size of parameters. Therefore, we compare the parameter scale of GPT series large models with the synaptic scale of human, monkey, dolphin and cat brains:

From the above table, it can be seen that the "intelligence" level of GPT-3.5 has fallen within the intelligence range of monkeys, which is 285.7-2857 times worse than that of human beings.

On the other hand, from the evolution speed of GPT itself, the parameter scale can be increased by two orders of magnitude in the first two iterations, but after GPT-3, the speed of parameter scale increase is greatly reduced. Assuming that the parameter scale of GPT will increase by five times in each iteration, after five iterations (the fifth power of five is 3125), that is, GPT-9, its "intelligence level" may catch up with human beings.

Of course, the above inference is only a simple model, and there is an assumption that the intelligence level is positively related to the size of synapses (parameters). But whether this hypothesis can be established needs a big question mark.

Compared with synapses, neurons are a better indicator of intelligence. Judging from the current situation, the information processing ability of the activation function of the large model is far weaker than that of human brain neurons. The activation function of large model neurons is relatively simple. For example, the neurons of Sigmoid activation function have a smooth S-shaped curve in the output range, which can realize tasks such as binary classification, and the neurons of ReLU activation function have nonlinear modified linear properties. Relatively speaking,The neuron of the human brain is a biological cell, and its information processing ability is definitely far beyond a simple mathematical function. Therefore, even if the number of neurons in the large model catches up with the level of the human brain and reaches hundreds of billions (the corresponding parameter scale exceeds 1000 trillion), its intelligence level cannot be compared with that of the human brain.

In addition, the neural network of the large model can be compared with the neural network of the human brain, but their implementation methods are completely different. The neural network of large model simulates the connection and information transmission between neurons through mathematical model, while the neural network of human brain is a complex structure composed of neurons, synapses and other biological elements. In addition,The connections between neurons in the neural network of human brain are very complicated, and they can freely establish, dismantle and adjust the connections, while the neural network of large model is set in advance.

At present, human beings are still relatively "safe". But let’s not forget,The size of neurons in the human brain is almost constant, while the size of neurons and parameters in the large model is increasing exponentially.According to this trend, it may be only a matter of time before the intelligence level of large models catches up with human beings.

Hinton, a great god in the field of artificial intelligence, said, "The development of general artificial intelligence is much faster than people think. Until recently, I thought it would take about 20-50 years for us to realize universal artificial intelligence. Now, the realization of general artificial intelligence may take 20 years or less. "

In the face of general artificial intelligence or even super artificial intelligence, human psychology is complex. On the one hand, it is hoped that there will be more intelligent systems to help mankind complete more work and liberate productive forces; On the other hand, I am afraid to open Pandora’s box and release a monster more terrible than nuclear weapons.

I hope that even if we create a "god", it will be a god full of love, not a god who regards human beings as ants!

Text: A misty rain/data ape

The construction site became a ＂nightmare＂ for unmanned vehicles, and Google Waymo stumbled so much that he was interviewed.

Robotaxi, fire and theft prevention "construction site". Waymo fell.

The North American regulatory authorities have just opened an investigation into Waymo unmanned vehicles, because they received a series of related accident reports.

Some hit parked cars on the side of the road, some hit static obstacles, blocked traffic … and an unusual high-frequency scene:construction site.

In about three months, Waymo accumulated and reported 22 accidents, which attracted the attention of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

According to NHTSA documents, these accidents include collisions between Waymo unmanned vehicles and static and semi-static objects (such as doors), collisions with parked vehicles and violations of traffic safety control devices.

Among them, the official special explanation of "violation of traffic safety control devices" is a key investigation direction, and a typical scene isAbility of automatic driving system to detect and identify traffic cones/ice cream cones.

This point is rare. Because many of the 22 accidents reported this time involve the same scene- construction site.

For example, last month,Waymo Robotaxi with 6 vehicles in formation.After work, I went back to the parking lot. As a result, I encountered temporary traffic control at the construction site and was directly stuck in the temporary traffic area surrounded by ice cream cones, causing traffic congestion for about half an hour.

Netizens with local life experience immediately recognized that this is the ramp at No.101 Potrero Avenue in San Francisco, where the Waymo unmanned vehicle was stuck, which happened to be the high-speed entrance.

Finally, it was the driver’s brother on the road who directly got off the driver to move the ice cream cone, and the team behind him bypassed several "paralyzed" unmanned vehicles in turn.

Waymo made a simple statement to the effect that people were sent to the scene to move the car within 30 minutes, without causing any casualties or property losses, and will cooperate with the investigation later.

But in the construction site of Phoenix, it is not so lucky.

The same Waymo unmanned vehicle ignored the construction area surrounded by the ice cream cone and rushed directly into the construction site.

Fortunately, the speed was not fast enough to hit people, but the vehicle itself and the construction site suffered losses to varying degrees.

There are many accidents like this. Every time an unmanned vehicle "rushes into the construction site", it will go viral on the Internet.

The netizen summed it up vividly:The traffic cone is Robotaxi’s kryptonite.Now, the miraculous automatic driving will be finished if it meets the traffic cone on the closed road.

Huh? It doesn’t seem to be the same as the video officially shown by Waymo.

Waymo The fifth generation autopilot system bypasses the construction area.It has been specifically analyzed as a technical highlight.

In the official Demo, the scene faced by unmanned vehicles is more complicated, except for traffic cones, irregular areas and workers walking back and forth.

Of course, the Waymo unmanned vehicle completed a series of evasive and detour actions effortlessly and successfully passed the construction area:

What is amazing here is that the Waymo unmanned vehicle seems to be able to understand the body language of human traffic command, let it stop and let it go, not just based on road conditions.

How did you do that? Maya Kabkab, the engineer in charge of the prediction algorithm of Waymo, briefly explained to the effect that in the fifth generation technology, Waymo strengthened the ability to understand different objects and targets and the ability to identify passable areas, which enabled the system to plan the passable route better.

The core is to replace CNN with a new model, VectorNet, to extract sensor and high-precision map information.

To put it simply, high-precision maps and sensor input information are represented as points, polygons or curves, while VectorNet represents all road features and trajectories of other objects as corresponding vectors. Based on this simplified view, VectorNet can extract the information of each vector and learn the relationship between different vectors.

The advantage is that VectorNet takes up less computing resources than CNN, produces results faster, and theoretically can extract key scene information more clearly.

But VectorNet still has no core to solve the "construction site" problem-

The "construction site" itself is an exception to high-precision maps.It is impossible to update synchronously, and it can only be sensed by sensors in real time.

However, the data of sensors are transmitted among different sub-models in turn, so it is difficult to completely avoid information loss.

Robotaxi is frequently stuck in the construction site, and the direct reason is the false detection of traffic cones and alien objects.

The underlying reason is thatThe upper limit and ceiling of the existing capacity of the traditional autonomous driving technology paradigmIt is difficult to cover all corner case on the road.

Therefore, whether the construction site can be avoided smoothly has become a probabilistic event: the official Demo has been carefully tested and repeated, which is no problem; If you only measure it on the road, you can only eat according to the weather.

"Never decide quantum mechanics when something happens" is a ridicule.

However, in the field of autonomous driving, if something is undecided, it is indeed possible to "end-to-end".

The so-called "end-to-end" is aimed at the traditional technology paradigm, in which the perception, decision-making, regulation and control of autonomous driving are independent of each other. The data collected by the sensor needs to pass through this series of different algorithm modules before it can finally become an operation instruction.

The information between each independent module is transmitted step by step. In this process, there will inevitably be information loss and errors, and the errors of the previous module will affect the next one, and the information errors between multiple modules will continue to accumulate, thus affecting the overall effect of the automatic driving scheme.

Whether it is pure visual perception or fusion perception, the root of "false detection and missed detection" is here.

Of course, there is also a corresponding solution, that is, through the rules of human handwriting, try to patch it to improve the reliability of perceptual recognition. For example, you can recognize cars and people, but you can’t recognize "people standing in front of cars". That’s easy. Why don’t you just build a separate data set for such targets and use it to train the model?

This is the so-called perceptual "white list" mechanism.

But the problem is that it is difficult to enumerate all kinds of traffic targets and scenes. This time, the problem of "people in front of the car" has been solved, but what if the car changes from a passenger car to a big truck? Or does a person become an adult and take care of children?

The same is true for Robotaxi’s construction site problem. The construction site may appear temporarily and refresh randomly, and it will not limit the area and time, and the construction and construction roadblocks of each construction site are different …

Therefore, a new algorithm paradigm-end-to-end algorithm model is needed to realize the lossless transmission of information from the beginning of perception and make the system truly understand the environment.

The two terminals refer to the data input terminal and the instruction output terminal respectively, and the middle is no longer divided into several independent modules.

The end-to-end model can transfer and generalize its learned abilities and skills to other scenes through a completely data-driven mode, independently and efficiently solve all kinds of new long tail problems in the berthing scene, have faster iterative efficiency and effectively reduce the cost of opening a city.

In layman’s terms, it is to let AI Division learn the mature driving behavior of human beings, see a scene and make corresponding countermeasures. In fact, "end-to-end" has touched the threshold of AGI.

In 2016, the end-to-end model was first proposed by NVIDIA. But the real mass production practice began in these two years. At present, only Tesla’s FSD and China’s AI players’ CVPR 2023 best papers-UniAD.

The Smart Car Reference also asked the opinions of the two domestic self-driving head players about the construction site problems encountered by Waymo.

Horizon from the perspective of engineering practice, think:

AutopilotSite problems and end-to-end technology paradigms are not bound.. Theoretically speaking, the problem can also be solved if the perception ability is strong enough and the perception white list is rich enough.

But obviously, end-to-end autonomous learning ability and humanoid thinking will solve this problem on a larger scale and more efficiently.

And Shang Tang’s view is more from the "first principle", and the relevant technical experts of Jueying Zhijia think:

Do not evaluate specific case. However, the perception of the traditional rule-based intelligent driving scheme still artificially defines the elements and abstracts the perceived information, which will lead to the loss and omission of the information transmission process and make it difficult for the perceptual decision-making module to make correct decisions. End-to-end is a neural network, which can input and transmit the information of the external environment without loss, understand the external traffic environment more accurately and completely, and make plans and decisions.

The rule scheme can solve a scenario by adding rules and patches. But there is not only one such scene, it is infinite. With enough data for learning and training, the end-to-end solution can think and drive like a human and solve more similar corner case by itself.

To sum up, Horizon and Shang Tang have different expressions, but the core is the same, and they all agree.End-to-end is the most effective way to solve Robotaxi site problems.. At the same time, it is the most efficient way to solve all kinds of long tail problems of autonomous driving.

By the way, I put forward UniAD’s CVPR 2023 best paper, which was written by scholars from Horizon and Shang Tang.

End-to-end innovation of traditional technology paradigm has given all players new opportunities: better intelligent driving experience, lower maintenance and generalization costs, and more competitive cost of autonomous driving scheme.

However, the price is the modular and rule-driven technical system in the past, which must be overthrown and reconstructed.

Waymo, the absolute leader of autonomous driving in the past, is now caught in the dilemma of "construction site", which further proves that the track of autonomous driving is "water is impermanent and soldiers are unpredictable":

Old stars may have their advantages reset to zero, and "latecomers" will also gain the lead.

The Chinese dubbing of ＂The Big Secret of Love Pets 2＂ announces the summer adventure.

1905 movie network news An animated comedy blockbuster jointly created by Universal Pictures and Lighting Entertainment will land on the domestic screen on July 5. Following the announcement of the top dubbing lineup that was "beyond imagination" before, the film exposed the first dubbing preview today, and the strength of the big coffee "sound" was interpreted, allowing the audience to grab the "fresh" and experience the joyful adventure of the ultimate hilarity!


In the preview, five big coffees are full of emotions and play with cute pets. William Feng, a powerful actor, said in a blog post earlier that "Mike is my essence". Before the microphone, he showed Mike’s strong love for the young master with his voice dripping. Peisi Chen, who returned again, reappeared the invincible white with a voice full of comedy. Guo Caijie, on the other hand, has a unique way, using a bright and mischievous tone to interpret Jojo. She herself said that she has never loved her voice so much.


The familiar cute pet brings a new presentation, and the newly added characters also have a good performance. Mary, the comedy queen who voiced Daisy, a shih Tzu, used her highly recognizable voice to bring her cuteness and wit to the extreme. Her tone and intonation made people look forward to the role!


Xiaogang Feng, who voiced another new character, Lu Shu, the king of the farm, also used his unique voice performance skills to perfectly portray the mature and calm Lu Shu.


After the announcement of the luxury dubbing lineup of "Pet Secret 2", it caused a strong response. Sina Film, Time Network, 1905 Film Network and other film media, as well as authoritative media such as World Wide Web, Beiqing Network and Beijing News, have published articles to publicize this unprecedented dubbing lineup. The excitement of netizens is beyond words. They expressed "strong expectation" for William Feng, who dubbed animals for the first time, and thought that the return of Peisi Chen was "the greatest guarantee of film quality", while the surprise joining of Guo Caijie, Mary and Xiaogang Feng was called "the lineup that broke the wall" by netizens, and even some netizens were impressed by the top dubbing lineup, excitedly boasting that "for the first time, they had the desire to watch the Chinese dubbing version of foreign films!"


The global box office swept $875 million, and it also won a good box office of nearly RMB 400 million in China. The mainstream ticketing platforms Cat’s Eye and Taobao Film scored 9 points. The media response is even more enthusiastic. Sohu film reviews the film "The style of painting is bright and the laughter is dense, and the cuteness is irresistible!" The famous overseas blogger "Those Things in Britain" commented on the film from three aspects: cute pets, story concepts and animation production level, and gave high praise for "real emotional interaction, practical significance and no lack of interest". The sequel "The Big Secret of Pet Love 2" will continue to explore the relationship between people and pets in depth, closely interweave the plot with subversive jokes, and what kind of touching story the "Minions" team will tell will make people look forward to it.


The sound is in the air, and it is inspiring! On July 5 th, the cinema watched the pet fight and laughed together!


The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow rainstorm warning at 06： 00 on September 6.

CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, the Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow rainstorm warning at 06: 00 on September 6:

It is estimated that there will be heavy rains in parts of eastern and southern Fujian, central and eastern Guangdong, southwestern Jiangxi, southeastern Hunan, central Hainan Island and western Taiwan Province Island from 08: 00 to 08: 00 on September 6, among which there will be heavy rains (100-180 mm) in parts of southeastern Fujian, northeastern and southeastern Guangdong, and southwestern Jiangxi. Some of the above areas are accompanied by short-term heavy rainfall (the maximum hourly rainfall is 20 ~ 50 mm, and the local area can exceed 60 mm), and there are strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

Defense guide:

1, the government and relevant departments in accordance with their duties to do a good job of rainstorm prevention;

2. The traffic management department shall take traffic control measures in heavy rainfall sections according to the road conditions, and implement traffic guidance in waterlogged sections;

3, cut off the dangerous outdoor power supply in low-lying areas, suspend outdoor work in open places, and transfer people in dangerous areas and residents of dangerous houses to safe places to shelter from the rain;

4, check the city, farmland, fish pond drainage system, take the necessary drainage measures.

The brakes fail while driving. Can you turn off the car？

Careful drivers may find that when the vehicle is turned off, the brakes can’t be stepped on. Many drivers wonder why this is so. Some drivers may consider that if the car stalls during driving, will the brakes fail? How do I park my car?

After the flameout, why can’t the brakes be pressed?

After the car is turned off, some cars are hard to step on the brakes, and some cars are empty and unresponsive. This phenomenon has also been discovered by many drivers. The specific reason is simply that the car brakes need the engine to work to generate vacuum to provide brake power. After the engine is turned off, the vacuum required for brake power is gone, so the brakes can’t be stepped on.

Cann’t you step on the brakes when you’re driving?

According to the above theory, after the car is turned off, the brakes should really be stuck, but this is only limited to automatic cars. Because after the automatic car is turned off, the engine immediately stops rotating, even if it is hung in the D gear, the wheels can’t drive the engine to rotate, and without rotation, it can’t produce vacuum power.

However, the manual transmission car is different. After the engine is turned off, as long as it is not in neutral, the rotation of the wheels can still reverse the rotation of the engine. As long as the engine rotates, it can continue to generate vacuum and provide braking assistance. Therefore, when the manual transmission car is turned off during driving, don’t put it in neutral, keep the original gear and just step on the brake, which can also give the engine a reverse braking force and make it easier to stop.

What should I do if I turn off the engine while driving?

How to stop the car when the automatic brake fails? Remember these operations to save your life. No matter what car it is, the brake is always the most critical core, which is directly related to the safety of all of us. It is a creepy thing for every driver to hear that the brakes are out of order. When encountering such things, we must be calm and often panic, and blind operation will only brew a bigger accident. The essence of the difference between automatic transmission and manual transmission is that the gears of automatic transmission are divided into P, R, D, L, S and N. Although there are so many gears in automatic cars, most car owners like to use D gear when driving, because this gear is really convenient to operate. But what should you do once the brakes of an automatic car fail and the speed is at a high speed of 120 yards?

When the brakes fail, the first thing to do is to calm down, don’t be very impatient, and don’t touch the west. If you turn the steering wheel wrong, there will probably be an accident. The first thing you have to do is to turn on the double flash in the car. Only when the double flash is turned on, the people behind will know that there is something wrong with your car, and they will pay attention. When they approach you, they will slow down and bypass you. If your car is automatic, you can switch to manual mode, which is a car that can reduce the gear and brake automatically. You can also shift the second gear first, and then shift the L gear, but be careful not to shift the P gear or the R gear to avoid accidents. If these don’t work, you need to find some objects and make full use of friction to reduce the speed and achieve the braking effect.

Rational use of control vehicles. Automatic transmission When it is found that the brake of the vehicle is out of order, first release the accelerator pedal, and put the gear on the manual transmission to lower the gear from the high gear to the low gear in turn. Among them, the braking effect of automatic transmission vehicles is generally not as obvious as that of manual transmission vehicles, and some vehicles will prohibit automatic gearbox downshifting in order to protect the gearbox, so the gears should be lowered in turn after each downshift. Similarly, when pulling, the brake release button should be pressed and pulled continuously, and it cannot be pulled to death. The same is true for electronics. After pulling, press it until the vehicle stops and hangs in the parking gear. If the brakes suddenly fail when the car is driving at high speed, it can be braked directly by electronics. After starting the electronics, the braking system will brake the four wheels slightly lower than the full braking, and the full braking will only be carried out when the speed of the car slows down or is close to a stop. However, it is worth reminding that in the process of emergency braking, if the vehicle is turned off, the electronic function still works. It should be noted that the electronic switch must be held, and only in this way can the braking effect be achieved. It’s useless if you just pull it and let it go.

1. Don’t hesitate to step on the brakes immediately.

After the vehicle is turned off, the vacuum of brake booster will not be lost immediately, and the brake will not fail immediately, but there is no power booster system, and the brake pedal is hard to step on, which can not achieve normal braking effect. But our top priority is not to hesitate. We should put on the brakes at once and use a little more strength. Usually, we can stop the car.

When braking, don’t step on it twice, because stepping on the first foot will consume the vacuum, and the braking effect will be greatly weakened when stepping on the second foot, so you need to step on it once, and you can’t choose to use the point brake method.

2. Don’t hit the direction

The engine not only provides braking power, but also provides steering power for the steering wheel. When the engine is turned off, the steering pump that provides power for the steering wheel will also lose power. At this time, the force required to turn the steering wheel is very large, and it is hard for an adult to turn, making it even more difficult for girls to turn. So at this time, we should not beat the steering wheel, so as not to turn back, just grasp the direction and keep the vehicle straight.

control

After the brake fails, it can be used to brake, but it should be controlled properly, and the car should not be pulled suddenly because of panic, otherwise the steel wire rope will be broken because of excessive force, which will make the car fail, or the rear wheel of the car will be locked and the car will be out of control.

The correct way is: in high-speed driving, the first thing to do is to loosen the throttle and slow down by downshifting. When the speed is slightly stable and obviously drops, pull the car to stop slowly, and tighten, loosen, tighten and loosen it several times to slow down the car. It should be noted that when pulling the handle of the car, you should press the safety button of the handle, so that the handle can be operated freely in the process of tightening and loosening, and the car can be prevented from locking when tightening.

The electronics of some models also have the function of assisting emergency braking (this function needs to consult the manufacturer or dealer). If extreme conditions occur during driving, you can first release the throttle and operate the electronic button to brake the vehicle. This situation is somewhat complicated. By pulling up the button, the vehicle will brake urgently. Note: at this time, the braking of the vehicle is not mechanical parking. Under high speed, the emergency braking is to hydraulically brake all four wheels through the ESP control unit with a force slightly less than the full braking force, and when the vehicle is close to the static state, it can be slowed down or parked directly by electronics.

Forced downshift

In this way, manual transmission and automatic transmission are different. A car with manual transmission should first step on the clutch to the end, then retreat into neutral and then release the clutch. Then step on the accelerator as much as possible, and then step on the clutch to the end. At this time, retreat to the low gear, put the clutch in a semi-linkage posture and put it back. Automatic transmission vehicles can adjust the gear by shifting paddles and manual modes.

Emergency lane avoidance

If the above methods still can’t brake, you need to turn on the double flash at this time to avoid hurting innocent vehicles. At the same time, it is necessary to find some suitable sections to slow down. It is a good choice to have that kind of emergency escape or uphill road.

Why did it stall?

When the vehicle stops, it can’t be started by ignition, and it is ready to drive away. We must first check what causes the flameout. Usually, there are three reasons:

1. Device failure

Generally, the ignition coil, capacitor and electronic ignition module fail. Usually, there is no problem in the initial ignition, but it will turn off after a period of time, and then it will turn off after a period of time, so frequently.

2. Circuit failure

In case of flameout caused by low-voltage power failure during driving, the switch and fuse box of the starter should be checked at this time.

3. Oil circuit failure

There is no oil in the fuel tank, the gasoline pump is damaged, the oil pipe is broken, and the oil inlet is blocked, all of which may cause the car to stall during driving. The car stall caused by oil circuit failure is usually difficult to start again, but sometimes it can be re-ignited.

When the car turns off during driving, you should first be calm and don’t panic. If the brakes really can’t stop the car, you can choose to pass, but be careful not to pull the brake line too hard, so it will not pay off. There is another way to quickly put N gear, and then start the car by ignition during driving, but at this time, you must pay attention to the surrounding vehicles, and if necessary, you can turn on the double flash to remind the surrounding vehicles. When you start up, you still have to park the vehicle on the side of the road slowly, and then get off the bus to check the vehicle failure.

The back of the shopping receipt is stamped with the ＂exemption＂ seal, so can the supermarket really be exempted？

　　Is it stamped?

　　The relevant person in charge of the supermarket said that there are many professional counterfeiters recently, and their counterfeiting is not formal, but the goods are switched and stolen. In order to avoid the situation that the professional counterfeiters can’t define the goods by changing the package, so when paying the bill at the cashier, the receipt is stamped.

　　Any tips?

　　The reporter noticed that the cashier didn’t give any tips before stamping the receipt, and the stamp on the back of the receipt was "Xinhua Store confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping". The cashier stamped each customer’s shopping receipt, and the customers hardly noticed it.

　　Is there something fishy?

　　The lawyer said that the act of stamping the small ticket is that the supermarket pushes the responsibility to the consumer, which unduly increases the responsibility of the consumer. If consumers buy goods for a long time, it is difficult to prove, and the stamped receipt is more conducive to the supermarket to prove that they have not sold expired goods.

　　When buying goods in the supermarket, have you ever noticed the cashier’s receipt handed over by the cashier and the goods? On July 13th, Mr. Zhou, a citizen who often shops in Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) and has the habit of keeping shopping receipts, suddenly found that there was a little more on the receipts than before.

　　It turned out that after shopping in the supermarket, the cashier stamped a seal on Mr. Zhou’s cashier’s receipt, "It was confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping." Mr. Zhou believed that the supermarket did not make a public notice of this requirement beforehand, which was a voluntary exemption and actually harmed the legitimate rights and interests of consumers.

　　In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the supermarket explained that the move was mainly to prevent professional counterfeiters from bringing expired food that does not belong to the supermarket into the supermarket in the form of "package transfer".

　　Customer query

　　Stamping is a unilateral exemption for supermarkets.

　　On July 13th, after shopping in Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store), Mr. Zhou, a citizen of Chengdu, accidentally found a red seal on the back of the shopping receipt with the words "It was confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping". Mr. Zhou told Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star News reporter that he is a frequent visitor to this Renren Le supermarket, and he usually has the habit of keeping shopping receipts. This time, he found "different" behind the receipts.

　　In order to verify whether the store acted unilaterally or other Renrenle supermarkets had this provision, on July 15th, Mr. Zhou bought goods at Renrenle Supermarket (Qianfeng Store). This time, the back of the shopping receipt was not stamped. On the same day, Mr. Zhou came to Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) again. This time, he noticed that when checking out at the cashier, the cashier stamped the back of the printed receipt.

　　In this regard, Mr. Zhou believes that the supermarket has not made relevant public announcements to inform consumers before, which belongs to the unilateral exemption of the supermarket, which actually damages the consumers’ right to know and the rights to legally defend their rights.

　　Journalist visit

　　There is no hint before stamping.

　　On July 16th, a reporter from Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star came to Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) and found a seal with a red background on each checkout counter. After other consumers settled the bill, the cashier stamped the receipt. No consumer objected to this behavior, and some even didn’t take the receipt away.

　　The reporter bought a drink as a consumer. When checking out, the reporter noticed that the cashier didn’t give any hint before stamping the receipt. The stamp on the back of the receipt was "Xinhua Store confirmed that the goods had not passed the shelf life when shopping". The reporter saw at the scene that the cashier had stamped each customer’s shopping receipt, and the customers were almost unaware of it.

　　Later, the reporter visited other stores of Renren Le Supermarket, but did not find the act of stamping the back of the shopping receipt.

　　Supermarket response

　　Prevent professional counterfeiters from cheating.

　　"Mainly to prevent professional counterfeiting, there is nothing for other (customers)." The relevant person in charge of the customer service department of Renrenle Supermarket (Xinhua Store) explained that because there are so many professional counterfeiters in the supermarket recently, their counterfeiting is not formal, but the goods are switched and stolen. In order to avoid the situation that the professional counterfeiters can’t define the goods because they switch packages, so when paying the bill at the checkout counter, they stamp the receipt and take it back after the goods are sold, saying that it has expired. The supermarket is not responsible. "We also have a reminder on the radio, which is broadcast once every half hour, so that everyone can pay attention to the shelf life and collect shopping receipts." The person in charge said that the supermarket has fulfilled its obligation to inform.

　　Subsequently, Mr. Tan, the person in charge of Renrenle Supermarket in Chengdu, contacted the reporter and explained that a warm reminder was posted in the eye-catching position of the supermarket: "This mall refuses to sell expired goods, please tell the employees of this mall if you find it", which is also to provide customers with quality goods. The act of stamping the official seal is to confirm with the customer (check the shelf life of the goods) and also to consider the safety and health of the customer. At the same time, it is also a kind of protection for both parties to confirm with consumers whether the goods have expired because of the behavior of professional counterfeiters "switching packages".

　　Mr. Tan also said that everyone in the city has this initiative, which started three months ago. However, the reporter suggested that the visit found that only Xinhua Store used the stamp method, and the other party asked which supermarkets needed to assess the service quality.

　　Lawyer’s statement

　　Stamping is an act of shirking responsibility.

　　Liu Xiu, a lawyer of Taihetai Law Firm, believes that supermarkets have a substantive obligation to review whether the goods they sell have passed the shelf life, and consumers have no obligation to review and confirm. (The act of stamping the receipt) is that the supermarket pushes the responsibility to consumers, which unduly increases the responsibility of consumers. Consumers usually don’t pay attention to the tips on the product receipt. If consumers find that the product has expired after returning home, even if they stamp it, they can’t be exempted from the responsibility of the supermarket.

　　Xing Lianchao, a lawyer of Sichuan and Law Firm, believes that supermarkets should stamp the cashier’s receipt with the seal of "Confirmed that the shelf life has not expired", so both parties should confirm the goods sold on the spot before checkout to avoid disputes in the future. If there is no confirmation behavior, it will be wrong for the operator to stamp it directly.

　　Generally speaking, by comparing the shopping receipt and date of purchase with the shelf life of the goods, we can find out whether the goods have expired after purchase. If it is said that consumers spend too long buying goods, it is difficult to prove, and a small receipt with a seal is more conducive to the supermarket to prove that they have not sold expired goods, and consumers need to prove.

　　Chengdu Business Daily-Red Star Journalist Yu Zunsu Intern reports to Shan.

The 917 Highland Lion of Shanghai Dongfeng Warrior was listed at a price of 699,000 yuan.

At the #2024 Guangzhou Auto Show #, the Dongfeng Highland Lion was listed at a price of 699,000 yuan. The appearance of the new car is added with brand-new metal side bars, front and rear metal protective bars, roof expansion platform, rear spare tire bracket, etc., armored magnesium-aluminum alloy front and rear bumpers, with a thickness of 5mm and a chassis guard plate thickness of 8 mm. In the fully equipped state, the length, width and height are 5143 mm and 2080 mm and 2086 mm. The minimum ground clearance of the whole car is 268mm, the approach angle is 33, the departure angle is 34, the passing angle is 23, and the maximum climbing degree is 100. Multi-gear adjustable nitrogen shock absorber, the power is still extended range system, 1.5T engine is used as the range extender, the maximum power of three motors is 816 horsepower, the peak torque is 1050N·m, and it is also equipped with front and rear differential lock+mortise and tenon middle lock and rear wheel steering. # Guangzhou Auto Show Tide Here Look #

The 2025 Audi Q7 went on sale for RMB 609.8-804.8 million.

A few days ago, the 2025 Audi Q7 was officially launched, and the new car launched five models with a price range of 609.8-804.8 million yuan. As an annual modified model, it mainly adjusts the vehicle configuration, and other changes are not significant.

The appearance of the new car remains the same as that of the current model, equipped with the iconic Q family octagonal grille, and designed with a large honeycomb mesh single frame grille. The new car comes standard with matrix LED headlights, and the lighting effect is even better. In terms of car colors, nine car body colors are available: Sakil Gold, Istanbul Red, askari Blue, Waitomo Blue, Kara Labai, Tianyun Grey, Legend Black, Glacier White and Satellite Silver.

In terms of models, the new Audi Q7 cancelled the 45TFSI S line sports model and added the 55TFSI S line Darth Vader version, which has a unique black appearance kit and red calipers. In terms of configuration, the Darth Vader version is upgraded with functions such as front seat ventilation, adaptive cruise, lane change assistance and active lane keeping.

In terms of power, the new Audi Q7 uses the 2.0T engine of the fourth generation EA888 and the 3.0T V6 engine of EA839 +48V. Their maximum horsepower is 265 and 340 horsepower respectively, and their peak torque is 370 Nm and 500 Nm. The transmission system is matched with an 8-speed Tiptronic transmission.

The 13th edition of Tank 300 was assembled for the first time. Which one is your ideal car？

Recently, the model of Tank 300 has become the focus of hot discussion among netizens, mainly because a Tik Tok talent became the first person to collect 13 different versions of Tank 300, and made a "show off" on the Internet, which immediately triggered widespread discussion and concern, highlighting the richness and popularity of Tank 300 product pedigree. From light off-road vehicles that are easy to control to heavy off-road versions designed for extreme challenges, Tank 300 can meet users’ expectations in various scenarios, making every off-road adventure full of freshness and fun, and also enriching users’ off-road experience.

From users to brands, there are many possibilities to create cross-country culture together.

In order to meet users’ pursuit of off-road performance and personalized needs, Tanker 300 has jointly launched a series of modified versions, such as Fenglin Tieqi and Tieqi 02, together with the powerful domestic modification forces-Yunliang, Chaojing and Dinghuo.

However, in the face of the problem that users’ self-modification in the market may be non-compliant, Tank 300 took the initiative to cooperate with the modification factory from the user’s point of view and launched the Cyber Tank Series to legalize the modification. This series of actions of Tank 300 is a precedent in China, which shows its brand concept of "user-centered".

Tank 300 is deeply created with users to jointly create a unique charm model such as tank 330. This model not only has outstanding off-road capability, but also is equipped with V6 large displacement engine, which satisfies users’ pursuit of speed and passion.

At the same time, Tank 300 also focused on special commemorative significance, and launched models such as Monet Edition, 200,000 commemorative edition and limited edition of the third anniversary. These models not only pay tribute to classics and achievements, but also realize the deep integration and destruction of cross-country culture and different circles through the integration of elements such as art and culture.

A variety of cultural possibilities have created a more colorful life for users.

With its diverse thirteen models, Tank 300 has direct contact with many consumer groups and interest circles, from urban explorers to extreme off-road enthusiasts, from customized pursuers to high-performance driving enthusiasts. Not only meet the specific needs of all kinds of users, but also break the traditional life boundaries and boundaries through the mutual attraction and integration of different circles.

In this process, Tank 300 has become a bridge connecting different circles, which enables different user groups to gather because of common interests and form an ecological circle full of vitality and creativity. These ecological circles not only enrich the brand connotation of Tank 300, but also provide users with a more diversified and open communication platform, so that their lifestyles and hobbies can be expanded.

It is based on this user base and community atmosphere that Tank 300 successfully launched a new weekend lifestyle. It advocates diversified activities such as camping, refitting and outdoor activities, and encourages people to go out of their daily lives, explore the unknown and enjoy the true fun of life. With its excellent off-road performance and rich vehicle selection, Tank 300 perfectly fits this trend and has become an ideal partner for practicing the new weekend doctrine. Users drive the tank 300, enjoy the excitement and freedom brought by off-road during the weekend, and share their wonderful moments on social platforms, forming a unique trend.

China world of tanks cross-country, tank more than 300 awards crowned.

In the domestic market, the outstanding performance of Tank 300 is undoubtedly a powerful proof of its market appeal and brand influence. In the first half of the year, the sales of tanks exceeded 50,000 in 300 years and half a year, and exceeded 10,000 for two consecutive months. For 42 consecutive months, tanks topped the list of hard-core SUVs in China, demonstrating their wide acceptance and strong market share in the domestic market.

At the same time, the overseas journey of Tank 300 is equally remarkable. At present, Tank 300 has been successfully exported to Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Australia, Central Asia, South Africa and other countries, as well as North Africa, Central and South America and other regions, and its footprint covers many corners of the world. In the future, Tank 300 will continue to explore markets such as North America and ASEAN, provide excellent products for global customers, and build a national brand with excellent technology.

In terms of hedge ratio, Tank 300 shows amazing market performance, especially in the report "China Automobile Hedge Ratio in the First Half of 2024" released this year, Tank 300 ranks first in the compact SUV market with a three-year hedge ratio of 74.48%. Not only the basic model, but also other versions are also highly sought after in the used car market and perform well. Even in the face of the significant increase in mileage and the natural increase in vehicle age, the price of tank 300 in the second-hand market remains stable. For example, the 2022 border limited edition with a guide price of 306,100 yuan can still be sold on a used car website for nearly 250,000 yuan after driving 54,000 kilometers; After two years of use, the second-hand price of the 2021 Fenglin Tieqi can reach about 260,000 yuan, which is only about 30,000 yuan lower than before.

All of the above fully demonstrated its strength of maintaining value far beyond similar competing products, and further confirmed the market’s deep trust and high affirmation of the quality, performance and brand value of Tank 300. As an explosive product in China’s hard-core off-road vehicle market, it won the i-VISTA five-star China Smart Car, CCTV Auto Fengyun Shengdian Intelligent Driving Award, China Insurance Research Collision Test 3G1A, Australia ANCAP five-star safety certification, and the 24th China Design Award. These honors are not only a full affirmation of the achievements made by Tank 300 in technological innovation, quality assurance and safety performance, but also a strong certification of its status as a hard-core off-road model in China.

The success of Tank 300 is the result of deep understanding and tacit cooperation between brands and users. Its diversified vehicle versions meet the individual needs of different users for off-road performance and win wide recognition in the market. The success of this series not only reflects Tank 300′ s profound understanding of off-road culture, but also demonstrates its keen insight and innovative ability as a market leader.

In the future, Tank 300 will continue to adhere to the "user-centered" principle, constantly optimize product performance, enrich vehicle selection, and bring more excellent off-road experience to users. At the same time, Tank 300 will also encourage more people to go out of their daily lives, explore the unknown and enjoy the fun and challenges brought by cross-country.

Tesla zoomed in and the price was close to the people.

There are many choices for pure trams now, as we said today. Let’s get to know each other.

First of all, from the appearance, the front shape of Model Y has taken a personalized route and is very sporty. Coupled with the domineering headlights, the overall look is full. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, front fog lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4750MM*1921MM*1624MM, and the car adopts fashionable lines, which gives people a very sharp feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, smooth lines run through the whole car side. In the rear part, the overall shape of Model Y’s rear echoes the front of the car, and the taillights present a tough design style, and the overall shape is still very attractive.

When coming into the car, the interior of Model Y has a strong spirit and meets the aesthetic standards of young people. The steering wheel of the car is very sharp and made of genuine leather, which makes everything look very delicate. From the central control point of view, the car is equipped with a touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and conforms to the mainstream aesthetics. Let’s take a look at the dashboard and seats again. The dashboard is well designed and looks more individual. The car adopts leather-like seats, which are wide and thick, improving the riding experience of drivers and passengers.

The Model Y matches the gearbox, which is 357KW and 659N.m, and the power performance is good.

The car is equipped with driving mode selection, Bluetooth key, NFC/RFID key, interior ambient light, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.), Bluetooth /WIFI connection and other configurations, which greatly improves the convenience of using the car.

Summary of the full text: This car has been introduced almost before, and I believe many users who buy a car have taken a fancy to its comfort and practicality.